先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠(chéng)危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報(bào)之于陛下也。誠(chéng)宜開(kāi)張圣聽(tīng)，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也。宮中府中，俱為一體，陟罰臧否，不宜異同。若有作奸犯科及為忠善者，宜付有司論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使內(nèi)外異法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等，此皆良實(shí)，志慮忠純，是以先帝簡(jiǎn)拔以遺陛下。愚以為宮中之事，事無(wú)大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨補(bǔ)闕漏，有所廣益。將軍向?qū)?，性行淑均，曉暢軍事，試用于昔日，先帝稱之曰能，是以眾議舉寵為督。愚以為營(yíng)中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行陣和睦，優(yōu)劣得所。親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠(yuǎn)賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時(shí)，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也。侍中、尚書(shū)、長(zhǎng)史、參軍，此悉貞良死節(jié)之臣，愿陛下親之信之，則漢室之隆，可計(jì)日而待也。臣本布衣，躬耕于南陽(yáng)，茍全性命于亂世，不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣于草廬之中，咨臣以當(dāng)世之事，由是感激，遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。后值傾覆，受任于敗軍之際，奉命于危難之間，爾來(lái)二十有一年矣。先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來(lái)，夙夜憂嘆，恐托付不效，以傷先帝之明，故五月渡瀘，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)率三軍，北定中原，庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸兇，興復(fù)漢室，還于舊都。此臣所以報(bào)先帝而忠陛下之職分也。至于斟酌損益，進(jìn)盡忠言，則攸之、祎、允之任也。愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效，不效，則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。若無(wú)興德之言，則責(zé)攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自謀，以咨諏善道，察納雅言。深追先帝遺詔，臣不勝受恩感激。今當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離，臨表涕零，不知所言。天地軒轅太乾坤Book1Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorldReadingandThinkingLearningobjectiveshaveabetterunderstandingofthedevelopmentofChinesewritingsystemanditsimportance;learnthefunctionsoftheChinesewritingsystem;enhancenationalconfidenceandpride.Inthisclass,youwillWhatcanyoulearnfromthevideo？Lead-in:

Accordingtothevideo,trytoguesswhatcharacterstheyare?口日水力田火月山picture-basedsymbolssimplifiedChinesecharacters？Pre-ReadingLookatthetitleandpicturebelow.Predictwhatthetextwillbeabout.Thetextmaybeaboutthe_____________________anditshistoryfrom_______to____________.ChinesewritingsystemthepastthepresentScanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestionsThepassageisorganizedintheorderof_____.time1.Howisthepassageorganized?3.What’sthewritingstyleofthetext?Narration B.ArgumentC.Exposition2.Whatmaybetheauthor’sintentionofwritingthepassage?While-ReadingTask1.Readforthemainideaandstructure.A.Thewritingsystembecamewell-developed,andlaterdevelopedintodifferentforms.F.TheChineselanguageishelpingtospreadChina'scultureandhistorytotheworld.B.TheChinesewritingsystemisoneofthereasonswhyChinesecivilizationhassurvivedintomoderntimes.C.Thewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.E.WrittenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguageatthebeginning.D.WrittenChineseconnectsChina'spresentwithitspast,andhasbecomeanartform.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Howmanypartscanthispassagebedividedinto?Why?Part1:_______Para.1Part2:_______Para.2-4Part3:_______Para.5-6TopicDevelopmentImportancegeneralgeneralspecificTask2.Readforthemainideaandstructure.TheQinDynasty(3.4)Overtheyears(3)BytheShangDynasty(3)Atthebeginning(2)Inmoderntimes(5)Today

Eventoday

Task3.ScanthetextandfindthewordsandphrasesthatdescribeatimeAtthebeginningPastWrittenChineseisa_________language.Symbolsbecamea____________writingsystem.Thesystemdevelopedinto___________.

Chinesewritingsystembeganto______________________.picture-basedwell-developeddifferentformsdevelopinonedirectionIntheQinDynastyOvertheyearsBytheShangDynastyTask4.Whathappenedateachofthoseimportanttimes?Chinesepeoplecanallstill__________inwriting.Peopleread___________writtenbyChineseinancienttime,andregard__________________asanartform.Chinesewritingisanimportantpartof________________.communicateclassicworksChinesecalligraphyChinesecultureEventodayInthemoderntimesTodayPresentTask5.HowtheChinesewritingsystemdeveloped？AtthebeginningBytheShangDynastyTheQinDynastyTodayOvertheyearsFuture馬picture-basedwell-developeddifferentformsonedirectionpartofChineseculture?begandevelopeddividedunified1.HowdidwrittenChineseunifyChinesepeopledividedbygeographyanddialects?ItallowedChinesepeople,nomatterwheretheylivedorwhatdialecttheyhad,tocommunicatewitheachother.2.HowdoeswrittenChineseconnectChinesepeopletodaywiththoseofthepast?Chinesepeopletodaycanreadandunderstandclassicworksfromancienttimes.Task6.ReadthetextagainanddiscussthequestionsPost-Reading

DoyouthinkChinesewritingsystemisimportantforChina?important?Underlinethesentences(Para4-6)thatshowtheimportanceofChinesewritingsystem.Whatdoeseach“importance”referto?ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.(Para.4)WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.(Para.5)ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystem…asanartform,knownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.(Para.5)…theChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportantpartofChineseculture.AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs…(Para.6)connect_____________with____________connect_____________with____________connect_____________with____________connect_____________with____________peopleculturethepastthepresentcharactersartChinaworldAsteenagers,whatcanyoudotohelptheChinesewritingsystemsurvivelonger?crrahtacseherishonorppreciatepreadecommendnjoyespectreasuredmireheerforCharactersCriticalthinking

HistoryanddevelopmentImportanceIntroductionwell-developeddifferentformsinonedirectionpicture-basedTointroducethetopic:___________________.theChinesewr