專題02寒假復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)：《動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)》核心考點(diǎn)精講與精練一、考點(diǎn)聚焦（核心考點(diǎn)+高考導(dǎo)向）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考英語語法的核心考點(diǎn)，時(shí)態(tài)側(cè)重動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間與狀態(tài)，語態(tài)側(cè)重動(dòng)作與主語的關(guān)系（主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)）。本部分聚焦高考高頻時(shí)態(tài)及對應(yīng)語態(tài)，明確考查方向，助力精準(zhǔn)復(fù)習(xí)。二、重點(diǎn)速記（重難點(diǎn)梳理+即時(shí)鞏固）考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)核心用法表習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作：Igetupat7everymorning.表客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.a.m.表、計(jì)劃發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（如火車、航班）：Thetrainleavesat9a.m.主從復(fù)合句中"主將從現(xiàn)"原則：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)：do/does；am/is/are（be動(dòng)詞）被動(dòng)：am/is/are+done高考易錯(cuò)警示第三人稱單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞的變形（如watch→watches）；集體名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致（如Theteamplayswell表整體，Theteamarearguing表個(gè)體）。即時(shí)鞏固Theearth______(go)aroundthesun.Thiskindofflower______(water)everydaytokeepitfresh.Myfatherusually______(watch)newsonTVafterdinner.Ifshe______(finish)herworkontime,shewillgototheconcert.ThetraintoBeijing______(leave)at8:00a.m.everyday.English______(speak)inmanycountriesallovertheworld.Theclass______(be)veryunitedwhentheyfacethechallenge.Ourteacheroften______(remind)ustopayattentiontothequalityofourhomework.答案與解析goes解析：本句表述"地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)"的客觀真理，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語theearth為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞go變形為goes。iswatered解析：時(shí)間狀語everyday表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語thiskindofflower與動(dòng)詞water為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語為單數(shù)，故填iswatered。watches解析：頻度副詞usually表經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語myfather為第三人稱單數(shù)，watch的第三人稱單數(shù)形式為watches。finishes解析：本句為典型主從復(fù)合句，遵循"主將從現(xiàn)"原則；從句主語she為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞finish變形為finishes。leaves解析：時(shí)間狀語at8:00a.m.everyday表按時(shí)刻表發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語thetrain為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填leaves。isspoken解析：本句表述客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語English與動(dòng)詞speak為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語為單數(shù)，故填isspoken。is解析：集體名詞theclass此處表整體，強(qiáng)調(diào)班級的團(tuán)結(jié)屬性，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；本句表客觀狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is。reminds解析：頻度副詞often表經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語ourteacher為第三人稱單數(shù)，remind的第三人稱單數(shù)形式為reminds?？键c(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)核心用法表此刻/現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：Heisreadingabooknow.表即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（限位移動(dòng)詞：go/e/leave等）：SheisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)：am/is/are+doing被動(dòng)：am/is/are+beingdone高考易錯(cuò)警示瞬間動(dòng)詞（如die/finish/buy）不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)表"正在發(fā)生"，可用于表"即將發(fā)生"；進(jìn)行時(shí)與always連用可表感情色彩（抱怨/贊揚(yáng)）：Heisalwayslateforclass.（抱怨）。即時(shí)鞏固Look!Thechildren________________(plant)treesinthepark.Anewlibrary________________(build)inourschoolatpresent.Theplane________________(take)offintenminutes,sowemusthurryup.He________________(always,forget)hiskeys,whichmakeshismotherangry.Thesedays,mycousin________________(prepare)forthecollegeentranceexamination.Theproblem________________(discuss)bytheexpertsrightnow.Hurryup!Thebus________________(leave).She________________(always,help)theelderlyintheneighborhood,andeveryonelikesher.答案與解析areplanting解析：句首Look為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志詞，表此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；主語children為復(fù)數(shù)，故填areplanting。isbeingbuilt解析：atpresent（目前）為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)間狀語，library與build為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)（結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+beingdone），主語為單數(shù)，故填isbeingbuilt。istaking解析：takeoff為位移動(dòng)詞短語，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；主語plane為單數(shù)，故填istaking。isalwaysforgetting解析：always與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表抱怨的感情色彩；主語He為單數(shù)，故填isalwaysforgetting。ispreparing解析：Thesedays（這些天）表現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，主語mycousin為單數(shù)，故填ispreparing。isbeingdiscussed解析：rightnow（此刻）為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志，problem與discuss為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為單數(shù)，故填isbeingdiscussed。isleaving解析：leave為位移動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；主語bus為單數(shù)，故填isleaving。isalwayshelping解析：always與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表贊揚(yáng)的感情色彩；主語She為單數(shù)，故填isalwayshelping?？键c(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)核心用法表過去動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響/結(jié)果：Ihavefinishedmyhomework,soIcanwatchTV.表動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在：Ihavelivedherefor10years.結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)：have/has+done被動(dòng)：have/has+beendone高考易錯(cuò)警示時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞since后接從句時(shí)，從句需用一般過去時(shí)：Ihaveknownhersinceshewasachild.短暫性動(dòng)詞（如buy/join/die）不能與for/since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用，需轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如buy→have，join→bein）。即時(shí)鞏固Greatchanges______(take)placeinourcitysince2010.Theoldbridge______(build)forovertwoyearsanditwillbeputintousenextmonth.Mybrother______(notreturn)fromabroadyet.Weareallworriedabouthim.Alotofnewfunctions______(add)tothisappsinceitwaslastupdated.She______(keep)thisbookforthreeweeks.Sheneedstoreturnittothelibrarytomorrow.Uptonow,theproblem______(notsolve)pletely.Howlong______yourfather______(work)inthispany?Manynewrecords______(set)intheathleticsmatchsinceitstarted.答案與解析havetaken解析：時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞since2010為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)典型標(biāo)志；takeplace為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語Greatchanges為復(fù)數(shù)，故填havetaken。hasbeenbuilt解析：時(shí)間狀語forovertwoyears表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)至今，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語Theoldbridge與build為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語為單數(shù)，故填hasbeenbuilt。hasn’treturned解析：標(biāo)志詞yet常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定句中；主語Mybrother為單數(shù)，故填hasn’treturned。havebeenadded解析：since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語Alotofnewfunctions與add為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故填havebeenadded。haskept解析：時(shí)間狀語forthreeweeks表持續(xù)時(shí)間段，需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；keep是borrow的延續(xù)性形式，主語She為單數(shù)，故填haskept。hasn’tbeensolved解析：Uptonow為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞；主語theproblem與solve為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語為單數(shù)，故填hasn’tbeensolved。has;worked解析：Howlong詢問動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間，需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語yourfather為單數(shù)，故填has;worked。havebeenset解析：since引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語Manynewrecords與set為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故填havebeenset?？键c(diǎn)四現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)核心用法表動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且仍在進(jìn)行，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的過程（區(qū)別于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"結(jié)果"）：IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfor2hours.（還在學(xué)）；對比IhavestudiedEnglishfor2hours.（已學(xué)完，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）。結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)為have/has+beendoing（無被動(dòng)語態(tài)）高考易錯(cuò)警示：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分是高頻考點(diǎn)，需根據(jù)語境判斷"側(cè)重過程"還是"側(cè)重結(jié)果"。即時(shí)鞏固She______(practise)thepianosince9o'clockthismorningandshehasn'tfinishedyet.Thefarmers______(work)inthefieldalldaybecauseoftheingharvest.Look!Thechildren______(build)asandcastleonthebeach.Theirclothesareallwetwithsand.Mybrother______(learn)Frenchforthreeyears,andheisstillmakingprogress.I______(wait)forthebusfor20minutes,butithasn'tarrived.Thescientist______(do)researchonAIsincelastyear,andtheprojectwillbepletednextmonth.Hiseyesarered.He______(cry)foralongtime,right?We______(discuss)theplanfortheEnglishspeechcontestrecently,andwewillmakeadecisiontomorrow.答案與解析hasbeenpractising解析：時(shí)間狀語since9o'clockthismorning和hasn'tfinishedyet表明動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且仍在進(jìn)行，側(cè)重練習(xí)過程，主語she為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填hasbeenpractising。havebeenworking解析：allday強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)長，語境暗示農(nóng)民因即將到來的豐收一直在田間勞作（動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行），主語farmers為復(fù)數(shù)，故填havebeenworking。havebeenbuilding解析：Look!是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志，但后句Theirclothesareallwetwithsand暗示動(dòng)作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，側(cè)重"建造沙堡"的過程，主語children為復(fù)數(shù)，故填havebeenbuilding。hasbeenlearning解析：forthreeyears和isstillmakingprogress表明"學(xué)習(xí)法語"的動(dòng)作持續(xù)至今且仍在進(jìn)行，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)過程，主語mybrother為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填hasbeenlearning。havebeenwaiting解析：for20minutes和hasn'tarrived體現(xiàn)"等公交車"的動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，側(cè)重等待過程，主語I為第一人稱，故填havebeenwaiting。hasbeendoing解析：sincelastyear提示動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)，willbepletednextmonth說明研究仍在進(jìn)行中，側(cè)重研究過程，主語thescientist為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填hasbeendoing。hasbeencrying解析：前句Hiseyesarered是動(dòng)作留下的痕跡，foralongtime強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)長，推測"哭泣"動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束或仍在持續(xù)，側(cè)重過程，主語he為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填hasbeencrying。havebeendiscussing解析：recently常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，willmakeadecisiontomorrow表明"討論計(jì)劃"的動(dòng)作持續(xù)至今且未結(jié)束，側(cè)重討論過程，主語we為復(fù)數(shù)，故填havebeendiscussing。考點(diǎn)五一般過去時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)核心用法表過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)：Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweek.結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)：did；was/were（be動(dòng)詞）被動(dòng)：was/were+done高考易錯(cuò)警示與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的混淆：有明確過去時(shí)間標(biāo)志（yesterday/2020等）用一般過去時(shí)，無則判斷是否對現(xiàn)在有影響；規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的變形（如stop→stopped）和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的記憶（如go→went）?？键c(diǎn)六過去進(jìn)行時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)核心用法表過去某一時(shí)刻/時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：Iwasreadingwhenthephonerang.與一般過去時(shí)連用，表背景動(dòng)作：WhileIwascooking,mybrotherwatchedTV.結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)：was/were+doing被動(dòng)：was/were+beingdone高考易錯(cuò)警示：while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí)。即時(shí)鞏固Whileshe______(prepare)dinner,thedoorbellrangsuddenly.Theoldbuilding______(pull)downwhenwegottotheconstructionsiteyesterday.I______(not,write)anemailat8o'clocklastnight;Iwaschattingwithmyfriend.Thestudents______(teach)paintingbyafamousartistwhentheheadmastervisitedtheclassroom.What______(you,do)whenyourteachercalledyoujustnow?Anewroad______(build)inourhometownlastwinter,sowehadtotakeadetour.Mysister______(practice)thepianowhilemyparents______(watch)TVyesterdayevening.Thesportsmeeting______(not,hold)becauseofthebadweather,butweweretolditwouldbepostponed.答案與解析waspreparing解析：while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作（rang）發(fā)生時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；主語she為單數(shù)，故填waspreparing。wasbeingpulled解析：主語theoldbuilding與pulldown為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間狀語從句提示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某時(shí)刻，需用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填wasbeingpulled。wasn’twriting解析：時(shí)間狀語at8o'clocklastnight為過去具體時(shí)刻，強(qiáng)調(diào)該時(shí)刻動(dòng)作未在進(jìn)行；主語I為單數(shù)，否定形式為wasn’twriting。werebeingtaught解析：主語thestudents與teach為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，when引導(dǎo)的從句提示動(dòng)作在過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行；主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故填werebeingtaught。wereyoudoing解析：問句詢問過去某時(shí)刻（justnow）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，主語為you，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)疑問結(jié)構(gòu)為wereyoudoing。wasbeingbuilt解析：主語anewroad與build為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間狀語lastwinter提示動(dòng)作在過去時(shí)段內(nèi)進(jìn)行，需用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填wasbeingbuilt。waspracticing;werewatching解析：while連接兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的過去動(dòng)作，mysister為單數(shù)，用waspracticing；myparents為復(fù)數(shù)，用werewatching。wasn’tbeingheld解析：主語thesportsmeeting與hold為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，后半句提示會議當(dāng)時(shí)未在舉辦；主語為單數(shù)，否定被動(dòng)形式為wasn’tbeingheld?？键c(diǎn)七過去完成時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)核心用法表"過去的過去"，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前：BythetimeIarrived,thepartyhadended.結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)：had+done被動(dòng)：had+beendone高考易錯(cuò)警示不可單獨(dú)使用，需有過去參照點(diǎn)（如bythetime/before+一般過去時(shí)）；與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)分：明確動(dòng)作先后順序時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)。即時(shí)鞏固Bythetimethepolice______(arrive),thethief______(escape).Theclassroom______(clean)beforewe______(get)toschoolthismorning.Hesaidhe______(notsee)suchabeautifulsunsetbeforehe______(visit)thatisland.We______(learn)over3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.Thenovel______(translate)intoseverallanguagesbeforeit______(bee)popularworldwide.Sherealizedshe______(leave)herkeysintheofficeaftershe______(lock)thedoor.Theproject______(plete)aheadofschedulewhenthemanager______(check)theprogress.Theyfoundthatthebridge______(damage)bythefloodbeforetherepairteam______(arrive).答案與解析arrived;hadescaped解析：bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)（arrived），主句動(dòng)作"逃跑"發(fā)生在"警察到達(dá)"之前，是"過去的過去"，用過去完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)。hadbeencleaned;got解析：before引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)（got），主句動(dòng)作"打掃教室"發(fā)生在"到校"之前，且classroom與clean為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。hadnotseen;visited解析：主句中said為過去時(shí)，賓語從句里"沒見過日落"發(fā)生在"去島嶼"之前，before從句用一般過去時(shí)（visited），賓語從句用過去完成時(shí)否定形式。hadlearned解析：bytheendoflastterm是過去完成時(shí)標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語，表動(dòng)作截止到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)已完成，此處用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。hadbeentranslated;became解析：before從句用一般過去時(shí)（became），主句動(dòng)作"翻譯"發(fā)生在"流行"之前，且novel與translate為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。hadleft;locked解析：after引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)（locked），主句動(dòng)作"遺落鑰匙"發(fā)生在"鎖門"之前，是"過去的過去"，用過去完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)。hadbeenpleted;checked解析：when引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)（checked），主句動(dòng)作"完成項(xiàng)目"發(fā)生在"檢查進(jìn)度"之前，且project與plete為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。hadbeendamaged;arrived解析：before從句用一般過去時(shí)（arrived），賓語從句中"橋梁被損壞"發(fā)生在"維修隊(duì)到達(dá)"之前，且bridge與damage為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)?？键c(diǎn)八過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)核心用法表過去某時(shí)前持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，側(cè)重過程和對過去的影響：Hehadbeenworkingfor12hoursbeforehefinishedthetask.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)為had+beendoing（無被動(dòng)語態(tài)）高考易錯(cuò)警示：高考中側(cè)重考查動(dòng)作的"持續(xù)過程"，不考被動(dòng)形式，需結(jié)合語境判斷動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。即時(shí)鞏固Bythetimethefiremenarrived,thefactory________(burn)forhalfanhour.Shewasoutofbreathbecauseshe________(run)allthewaytothestation.Theytoldmethatthey________(prepare)fortheexamsincethebeginningofthemonth.WhenIfinallymethim,he________(work)inthispanyfortenyears.Thegroundwaswet.It________(rain)heavilyforawholenight.Hesaidhe________(learn)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehewentabroad.We________(discuss)theproblemfortwohourswhentheteachercamein.Thelittleboywasverytired.He________(play)footballontheplaygroundsince3o'clock.答案與解析hadbeenburning解析：bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作（燃燒）在消防員到達(dá)前已持續(xù)進(jìn)行半小時(shí)，側(cè)重動(dòng)作過程，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。hadbeenrunning解析：because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句中，"跑步"動(dòng)作在"氣喘吁吁"之前持續(xù)進(jìn)行，且是導(dǎo)致氣喘的原因，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。hadbeenpreparing解析：主句謂語told為一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句中sincethebeginningofthemonth是完成時(shí)標(biāo)志，"準(zhǔn)備考試"的動(dòng)作在"告訴"之前持續(xù)進(jìn)行，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。hadbeenworking解析：when引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)，"在這家公司工作"的動(dòng)作在"遇見他"之前持續(xù)十年，側(cè)重動(dòng)作延續(xù)性，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。hadbeenraining解析：地面濕是結(jié)果，"下雨"動(dòng)作在過去某時(shí)前持續(xù)一整晚，且對現(xiàn)在造成影響，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。hadbeenlearning解析：主句謂語said為一般過去時(shí)，before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)，"學(xué)習(xí)英語"的動(dòng)作在"出國"之前持續(xù)五年，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。hadbeendiscussing解析：when引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)，"討論問題"的動(dòng)作在老師進(jìn)來前已持續(xù)兩小時(shí)，側(cè)重動(dòng)作過程，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。hadbeenplaying解析：小男孩很累是結(jié)果，"踢足球"的動(dòng)作從三點(diǎn)開始持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，側(cè)重動(dòng)作延續(xù)性，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)九一般將來時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)核心用法will/shalldo：表臨時(shí)決定、預(yù)測：Iwillhelpyouwithyourhomework.（臨時(shí)決定）begoingtodo：表計(jì)劃、意圖或根據(jù)跡象預(yù)測：Itisgoingtorain.（跡象）結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)：will/shalldo；begoingtodo被動(dòng)：willbedone；begoingtobedone高考易錯(cuò)警示：begoingto與will的用法區(qū)分，需根據(jù)"計(jì)劃/跡象"還是"臨時(shí)決定"判斷。即時(shí)鞏固Lookatthedarkclouds!It______(rain)heavilysoon.Anewlibrary______(build)inourschoolnextterm,sowewillhavemorebookstoread.—Ileftmyphoneintheclassroom.—Don’tworry.I______(get)itforyourightnow.Ifwedon’tprotecttheenvironment,manywildanimals______(disappear)fromtheearthinthefuture.Thesportsmeeting______(hold)ontheplaygroundnextmonthiftheweatherisfine.答案與解析isgoingtorain解析：根據(jù)Lookatthedarkclouds!這一跡象預(yù)測即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用begoingtodo結(jié)構(gòu)，主語it為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填isgoingtorain。willbebuilt解析：nextterm表將來，anewlibrary與build為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)（willbedone），故填willbebuilt。willget解析：語境中"去拿手機(jī)"是聽到對方話后的臨時(shí)決定，用willdo結(jié)構(gòu)，故填willget。willdisappear解析：inthefuture表將來，此處是對未來的預(yù)測，且無"計(jì)劃/跡象"提示，用willdo結(jié)構(gòu)，故填willdisappear。isgoingtobeheld/willbeheld解析：nextmonth表將來，thesportsmeeting與hold為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；若強(qiáng)調(diào)"根據(jù)天氣情況的計(jì)劃"，用isgoingtobeheld；若單純表將來動(dòng)作，用willbeheld均可?？键c(diǎn)十過去將來時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)核心用法表"過去視角的未來"，常用在said/told/thought后的賓語從句中：Shesaidshewouldvisitusthenextday.結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)：would/shoulddo；was/weregoingtodo被動(dòng)：wouldbedone；was/weregoingtobedone高考易錯(cuò)警示：主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句表將來需用過去將來時(shí)。即時(shí)鞏固Shetoldmethatshe________(buy)anewdressthenextweek.Themanagersaidtheproject________(plete)bytheendofthemonth.Theythoughtthey________(notgo)totheconcertbecauseoftherain.Iwassurethattheletter________(send)tomyparentsthenextday.Heaskedwhenthemeeting________(start)thefollowingweek.Theteacherannouncedthatanewpetition________(hold)inourschoolsoon.Shesaidshe________(prepare)fortheexam,soshecouldn'tetotheparty.Theworkersweretoldthattheirsalaries________(increase)thenextmonth.答案與解析wouldbuy解析：主句told為一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句表"過去視角下下周要做的事"，用過去將來時(shí)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)woulddo。wouldbepleted解析：主句said為一般過去時(shí)，project與plete為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去將來時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)wouldbedone。wouldnotgo解析：主句thought為一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句表"過去視角下不會去做的事"，過去將來時(shí)否定形式為wouldnotdo。wouldbesent解析：主句wassure為過去時(shí)態(tài)，letter與send為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去將來時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)wouldbedone。wouldstart解析：主句asked為一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句詢問"過去視角下下周會議的開始時(shí)間"，用過去將來時(shí)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)woulddo。wouldbeheld解析：主句announced為一般過去時(shí)，petition與hold為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去將來時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)wouldbedone。wasgoingtoprepare解析：主句said為一般過去時(shí)，表"過去計(jì)劃要做的事"，可用過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)was/weregoingtodo，主語為she，故填wasgoingtoprepare。wouldbeincreased解析：主句weretold為過去時(shí)態(tài)，salaries與increase為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去將來時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)wouldbedone。三、復(fù)習(xí)提升（真題感知+綜合提升專練）（一）真題感知（2024·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空）Twoyearslater,asixmetertallpavilion,inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,61(build)attheFirstGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.答案：wasbuilt解析：時(shí)間狀語"Twoyearslater"表過去；主語pavilion與build為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，單數(shù)主語，故用一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)wasbuilt。（2024·浙江1月卷·語法填空）Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets__________(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions.答案：havestarted解析：時(shí)間狀語"Overthelasttwoyears"是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志，主語supermarkets為復(fù)數(shù)，無被動(dòng)，故填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havestarted。（2024·北京卷·語法填空）OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood15(name)theworld’soldestlivingman.答案：wasnamed解析：時(shí)間狀語"OnApril5,2024"表過去；主語與name為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，單數(shù)主語，用一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)wasnamed。（2024·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空）Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendaryartist,theysmiledand66．(point)downtheriver.答案：pointed解析：and連接并列謂語，smiled是一般過去時(shí)，point需保持時(shí)態(tài)一致，故填一般過去時(shí)pointed。（2024·浙江6月卷·語法填空）We__________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate,andthenrodetothetopofthemountain.答案：hired解析：then連接先后動(dòng)作，rode是一般過去時(shí)，hire為過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)hired。（二）綜合提升練一、單項(xiàng)選擇（10題）Thelibrary______at8a.m.everydayandit______nowbecauseoftherenovation.A.opens;isclosedB.isopened;closesC.open;isclosing答案：A解析：第一空"圖書館每天8點(diǎn)開館"是客觀規(guī)律，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)opens；第二空"現(xiàn)在因翻新關(guān)閉"表狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)isclosed?！猈hat’sthatnoise?—Theworkers______theroadoutsideourhouse.A.repairB.arerepairingC.haverepaired答案：B解析：通過noise體現(xiàn)此刻動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)arerepairing。We______eachothersincewegraduatedfromhighschoolin2018.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.don’tsee答案：B解析：時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞"since2018"，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)haven’tseen，表過去動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響。She______intheofficeforthreehoursandsheisstillbusynow.A.hasbeenworkingB.workedC.works答案：A解析："forthreehours+現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行"，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)hasbeenworking，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)過程。Theletter______bymymotherwhenIgothomeyesterday.A.waswritingB.wasbeingwrittenC.hasbeenwritten答案：B解析："whenIgothomeyesterday"是過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，信"正在被寫"，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)wasbeingwritten。Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrain______already______.A.has;leftB.had;leftC.was;leaving答案：B解析："bythetime+一般過去時(shí)"，主句用過去完成時(shí)hadleft，表"過去的過去"。Ifitrainstomorrow,we______thesportsmeeting.A.willcancelB.cancelC.cancelled答案：A解析：主將從現(xiàn)，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)willcancel。Hesaidhe______toBeijingthenextdayforabusinesstrip.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.goes答案：B解析：主句"said"是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句表"過去視角的將來"，用過去將來時(shí)wouldgo。Theoldbridge______fortwoyearsanditwillbeopennextmonth.A.hasbeenbuiltB.hasbeenbeingbuiltC.built答案：B解析："fortwoyears+仍在建設(shè)"，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)hasbeenbeingbuilt（表持續(xù)建設(shè)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作）。WhileI______TV,thedoorbellrangsuddenly.A.watchedB.waswatchingC.havewatched答案：B解析："while"后接過去進(jìn)行時(shí)waswatching，表過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行時(shí)另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空（10題）Mymotherusually______(cook)dinnerat6p.m.,buttodayshe______(cook)inthekitchennow.答案：cooks;iscooking解析：第一空"usually"表習(xí)慣，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)cooks；第二空"now"表此刻，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)iscooking。Thelittleboy______(break)theglassjustnowandhe______(punish)byhisfatheralready.答案：broke;hasbeenpunished解析：第一空"justnow"用一般過去時(shí)broke；第二空"already"用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)hasbeenpunished。They______(work)onthisprojectforfivemonthsandthey______(finish)itnextmonth.答案：havebeenworking;willfinish解析：第一空"forfivemonths"表持續(xù)，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)havebeenworking；第二空"nextmonth"用一般將來時(shí)willfinish。WhenIcamein,she______(read)abookandshe______(notnotice)meatall.答案：wasreading;didn’tnotice解析：第一空"when"引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)wasreading；第二空表過去的動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)didn’tnotice。Bytheendoflastyear,thefactory______(produce)10,000carsandallofthem______(sell)out.答案：hadproduced;hadbeensold解析："Bytheendoflastyear"用過去完成時(shí)，第一空主動(dòng)hadproduced，第二空被動(dòng)hadbeensold。Thesportsmeeting______(hold)inourschooleveryautumnandit______(hold)nextweekthisyear.答案：isheld;willbeheld解析：第一空"everyautumn"用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)isheld；第二空"nextweek"用一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)willbeheld。Hetoldmethathe______(learn)Englishfor8yearsandhe______(go)toEnglandtostudysoon.答案：hadlearned;wouldgo解析：第一空"for8years"在"told"之前，用過去完成時(shí)hadlearned；第二空"soon"表過去將來，用wouldgo。Look!Thechildren______(play)footballontheplaygroundandthey______(play)fortwohoursalready.答案：areplaying;havebeenplaying解析：第一空"Look!"用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)areplaying；第二空"fortwohours"用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)havebeenplaying。Thewindow______(clean)bytheworkerwhenIpassedtheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.答案：wasbeingcleaned解析："whenIpassed"是過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，窗戶"正在被擦"，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)wasbeingcleaned。Asweallknow,theearth______(go)aroundthesunandthistruth______(discover)byCopernicuslongago.答案：goes;wasdiscovered解析：第一空是客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)goes；第二空"longago"用一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)wasdiscovered。三、語法選擇（10題）Anewhospital______inourcitynowandit______nextyear.A.isbuilt;willfinishB.isbeingbuilt;willbefinishedC.builds;finishes答案：B解析：第一空"now"表此刻正在建設(shè)，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)isbeingbuilt；第二空"nextyear"表將來被完工，用一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)willbefinished。I______thisbookforthreedaysandI______ityet.A.haveread;don’tfinishB.havebeenreading;haven’tfinishedC.read;didn’tfinish答案：B解析：第一空"forthreedays"表持續(xù)閱讀，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)havebeenreading；第二空"yet"用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定haven’tfinished?！狣idyouseeTomyesterday?—No,he______toLondononbusinesswhenIcalledhim.A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.went答案：B解析："去倫敦"發(fā)生在"打電話"之前，是"過去的過去"，用過去完成時(shí)hadgone。Ifyou______hard,you______goodgradesintheexam.A.study;willgetB.studied;gotC.willstudy;get答案：A解析：主將從現(xiàn)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)study，主句用一般將來時(shí)willget。Thelittlegirl______tospeakEnglishwhenshewasfiveyearsold.A.taughtB.wastaughtC.hastaught答案：B解析：女孩"被教說英語"，且"whenshewasfive"用一般過去時(shí)，故用一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)wastaught。She______inthi