【英語】高二英語閱讀理解(社會文化)提高訓練含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1．閱讀理解

APG-13ratingisastricterwarningbytheRatingBoardtoparentstodeterminewhethertheirchildrenunderage13shouldviewthefilm.APG-13filmmaygobeyondthePGratingintheme,violence,nudity(裸露),language,adultactivitiesorotherelements,butdoesnotreachtherestrictedRcategory.

ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanbriefnuditywillrequireatleastaPG-13rating,butsuchnudityinPG-13ratedfilmgenerallywillnotbesexuallyoriented.TheremaybeviolencesceneinaPG-13movie,butgenerallynotbothrealisticandextremeorpersistentviolence.

Asingleuseofoneoftherudewordsinafilm,thoughonlyasanexpletive(感嘆語),initiallyrequiresatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.TheRatingBoardneverthelessmayratesuchafilmPG-13if,basedonaspecialvotebyatwo-thirdsmajority,theRatersfeelthatmostAmericanparentswouldbelievethataPG-13ratingisappropriatebecauseofthecontextormannerinwhichthewordsareusedorbecausetheuseofthosewordsinthefilmiseasilyneglected.（1）Whatisthemaingoalofthispassage?A.Todiscussvariousmovieratings.B.Toexplainvariousmovieratings.C.ToexplainthedifferencebetweenPG-13andRmovieratings.D.ToexplainthePG-13movierating.（2）AccordingtoPG-13rating,thethemeofthemovie__________.A.haslittleimpactonitsratingB.hasalargeimpactonitsratingC.shouldbeentertainingD.shouldbesuitableforchildren（3）FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthatdrugusage__________.A.shouldnotbeallowedinmoviesB.isdangerousC.makesaPG-13ratingnecessaryD.isnotappropriateforchildrenunder13（4）Whatdoesamoviewithtwoormoreusesofbadwordsrequire?A.APGrating.B.APG-13rating.C.AnRrating.D.AnNC-17rating.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。PG-13級是電影分級委員會對家長發(fā)出的更嚴格的警告，目的是決定13歲以下的孩子是否應該看這部電影。文章介紹了PG-13電影分級。（1）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文從主題、暴力、裸體、語言、成人活動方面解釋了PG-13的電影分級。全文目的在于解釋PG-13。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.”，電影的主題本身不會導致評級大于PG-13，盡管在電影中出現(xiàn)的與成熟主題相關的活動可能會導致對電影的限制評級。此可知，電影的主題對PG-13評級影響不大。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.”任何藥物使用最初都需要至少達到PG-13級別?？芍幬锸褂檬筆G-13評級是必要的。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.”，一部有兩個或兩個以上臟話用法的電影需要滿足R級。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.

Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.

'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.

Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.

Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重構的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?Maybe—thoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."（1）Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?A.

Itconsumeslotsoftime.

B.

Itinvolvesinterestingideas.C.

Itrequirescomplextechniques.

D.

Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.（2）Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?A.

Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.B.

Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.C.

Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.D.

Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.（3）WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?A.

Hopeful

B.

Doubtful.

C.

Disapproving.

D.

Ambiguous.（4）Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.

Entertainment.

B.

Culture.

C.

Education.

D.

Pop-science.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，折紙是一種具有創(chuàng)造性的傳統(tǒng)藝術，而現(xiàn)在它已經被應用到技術工程領域，人們利用折紙原理創(chuàng)造出了很多可折疊的裝置。折紙工程將在很大程度上影響未來的醫(yī)藥、計算機和機器人行業(yè)。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.”可知，折紙是一個具有創(chuàng)造性的傳統(tǒng)藝術，我們不用裁剪或拼貼，只通過折疊就可以把一張正方形或者三角形的紙變成動物、紙盒、花、船等東西，由此推測折紙需要有創(chuàng)造性的和有趣的想法。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折紙愛好者Lang向一位制造商建議了把安全氣囊折疊到儀表盤中的最佳方式。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine”可知ErikDemaine認為折紙工程的應用遠遠超出了我們的想象，由此可推測ErikDemaine對折紙工程的未來充滿希望。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.”；第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”；第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.”和第五段中的“‘Someday,’saysMIT'sErikDemaine,‘we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重構的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.’”可知衛(wèi)星，安全氣囊的折疊，未來電腦的發(fā)展和未來可重構機器人，這些都和科學技術相關，故推測本文很有可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學板塊。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Shakespeare'sGlobeExhibition&TourisauniqueinternationalresourcetoexploreShakespeare'swork.Openallyearround,itgivesyouanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutthemostfamousplaywright(劇作家),Shakespeare,andhelpsyouseektofurthertheexperienceandinternationalunderstandingofhim.

GroupVisitstotheExhibition&Tour

OpeningHours

TheatreTours:

Monday-Sunday:

9:30a.m.-5:00p.m.

Exhibition:

Monday-Sunday:

9:00a.m.-5:00p.m.

Groupsof15peopleormorearerequiredtopre-booktheirvisit,andeachgroupwillhaveitsownguideforfree.Tomakeareservation,pleasefillinaGroupRequestFormandreturnittousviaemail.

ExhibitionandTourPrices

Adult:

$15.00

Senior(60+):

$13.50

Student(withvalidID):

$11.50

Child(5-15):

$8.00

Complimentary:

Every16thpersonfree

Gettinghere

Shakespeare'sGlobe21NewGlobeWalk,LondonSEl9DT,UK

Wehavecurrentlyimprovedsecurity,withallbagsbeingchecked.Pleasearriveingoodtime,anddonotbringanylargebagsandcheckthecalendarbeforeyourvisitorcall+44(0)2079021500tofindoutaboutourlatestopeningtimes.

Visitorsareadvisedtoarrivebypublictransportorbytaxi.ThereisacarparkonThamesExchangeonthenorthsideofSouthwarkBridge(open24hours,sevendaysaweek).CabsmaybefoundallyearroundonSouthwarkBridge.ItmayalsobepossibletopickoneupfromoutsidetheentrancehallonNewGlobeWalk.

Wheretoeat

SwanatShakespeare'sGlobeservesmodernBritishseasonalfoodfordinner,afternoonteaordrinksinourbeautifulbarandrestaurantsetovertwofloors,availableforpre-andpost-theatredining.

SwanRestaurant

Monday-Friday:

12noon-2:30p.m.&6:00p.m.-10:30p.m.

Saturday:

12noon-3:30p.m.&6:00p.m.

Sunday:

12noon-9:00p.m.（1）Whencanyoupayavisittotheexhibition?A.

Fridayat12:00p.m.

B.

Mondayat8:00a.m.C.

Saturdayat5:30p.m.

D.

Sundayat7:00p.m.（2）Ifagroupof20childrenvisittheExhibition&Tour,whatisrequiredforthemtodo?A.

Theyneedtohireaguidethemselves.B.

Theymustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.C.

Theyhavetopay$160forticketsintotal.D.

Theyneedtoemailforareservationinadvance.（3）Whichofthefollowingappliestovisitors?A.

They'reabletogetataxinearSouthwarkBridge.B.

TheycanparkonthesouthsideofSouthwarkBridge.C.

Theyarerequiredtodeposittheirbagsbeforeentering.D.

It'smoreconvenienttodrivetherethantakingpublictransport.（4）WhatcanweknowaboutSwanRestaurant?A.

AfternoonleaisnotservedonSunday.B.

Itservestraditionalseasonalfoodfordiner.C.

Itisclosedfrom3p.m.to5p.m.onworkdays.D.

Itservesthreemeals,drinksandafternoontea.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，向游客介紹了參觀莎士比亞環(huán)球展廳的相關服務信息。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“Exhibition‘Monday-Sunday:9:00a.m.-5:00p.m.’”可知，展覽從周一到周日上午9點到下午5點營業(yè)。所以在周五下午兩點能夠參觀展覽。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Exhibition部分中的“Groupsof15peopleormorearerequiredtopre-booktheirvisit...Tomakeareservation,pleasefillinaGroupRequestFormandreturnittousviaemail.”可知，15人或以上的團體須預先預訂其行程。如欲訂購，請?zhí)顚憟F體申請表，并通過電子郵件返回給我們。所以如果有20名兒童參觀參觀展廳，他們需要通過電子郵件提前預定。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Gettinghere部分中的“CabsmaybefoundallyearroundonSouthwarkBridge”可知，在SouthwarkBridge可能全年都有出租車。所以判斷出游客能在SouthwarkBridge附近打到出租車。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)SwanRestaurant部分中的“Monday-Friday:12noon-2:30p.m.&6:00p.m.-10:30p.m.”可知，天鵝賓館的營業(yè)時間是周一至周五中午12點到下午2：30，下午6點到晚上10:30。所以判斷出周一至周五工作日期間，下午3點到下午5點是閉館的。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Visitorsmustpresentallcarrieditemsforinspectionuponentry.Afterinspection,allbags,backpacks,umbrella,parcelsandotheritemsasdeterminedbysecurityofficersmustbeleftatthecheckrooms,freeofcharge,closetoeachentrance.Alloversizedbags,backpacksandluggagemustbeleftatthecheckroomsnearthe4thStreetentranceofeithertheEastorWestBuilding.Theseitemswillhavetobex-rayedbeforebeingaccepted.Itemsofvalue,suchaslaptopcomputers,camerasandfurcoats,maynotbeleftinthecheckroomsbutmaybecarriedintothegallery.Weregretthatthemuseumdoesn'thaveenoughspaceforvisitorsitemslargerthan17*26inchesinthegallery.

Additionalsecurityproceduresandchecksmaybetakenaccordingtothedecisionofthegallery.

*Forthesafetyoftheartworksandothervisitors,nothingmaybecarriedonavisitor'sback.Softfront-babycarriersareallowed,butchildrenmaynotbecarriedonshouldersorinachildcarrierwornontheback.Wheelchairsareavailablefreeofchargeneareachcheckroom.

*Smokingisprohibited.Foodanddrinkarenotpermittedoutsidethefoodserviceareas.Unopenedbottledwatermaybecarriedonlyinavisitor'sbag.Cellphonesmaynotbeusedinthegallery.

*Animals,otherthanserviceanimals,arenotpermitted.

*Skateboardingisprohibited.

*Picture-taking(includingvideo)forpersonaluseispermittedexceptinthespecialexhibits.

*Pleasedon'ttouchtheworksofart.（1）Accordingtothetext,whichitemcanbecarriedintothegallery?A.

umbrella

B.

package

C.

Ipad

D.

suitcase（2）Wheninthegallery,whatcanvisitorsdo?A.

Theycancarryopenedbottledwaterintheirbags.

B.

Theycandrinkinsidethefoodserviceareas.C.

Theycantakepicturesforpersonaluseanywhere.

D.

Theymustpayiftheyusewheelchairsforthechildren.（3）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Thepolicesofthegallery

B.

TheartworksofthegalleryC.

Thelocationofthegallery

D.

Thehistoryofthegallery【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了參觀博物館的一些規(guī)定。比如，游客攜帶的物品需要在入口處接受檢查；過大的物品不允許帶入博物館；此外，除了服務犬外其他動物不允許進入等等。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Afterinspection,allbags,backpacks,umbrella,parcelsandotheritemsasdeterminedbysecurityofficersmustbeleftatthecheckrooms,freeofcharge,closetoeachentrance.“可知，傘、背包和手提包等都不可以帶進國家美術館。故選C。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)帶星號要點的第二點“Foodanddrinkarenotpermittedoutsidethefoodserviceareas.“可知，不允許飲食服務區(qū)以外的食品和飲料，可推知可以飲用飲食服務區(qū)內供應的飲料，故選B。(3)考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了藝術展上，參觀者需要注意的事項，故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Climatechangeisperhapsthekeyissueofourtime.Often,however,itispresentedtousasbeingsoabstractthatitseemsimpossiblydistant.Forthoseofyoulookingforsomethingalittlemoreconcrete,anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.

Thereport,putoutbyTheClimateInstitute,describestheeffectsofclimatechangeonvariouscoffee-growingnationsandtheresultanteffectsontheplantsandthosewhogrowthem.

CoffeeArabicaplants,whichproduce70%ofallcommercialcoffee,canbeadverselyaffectedbyevenahalf-degreechangeintypicalweatherconditions.Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.

InCentralAmericatheaveragetemperaturehasrisenbyafulldegreeCelsiussince1960.InEthiopiatheaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby1.3degrees.Thisincreaseisenoughtohavenotableeffectsontheplants.InTanzaniatheproductivityperhectareofcoffeehasfallenbyhalfsincethe1960sduetochangesintemperature.

Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevations(海拔)totakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.

Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.Millionsofpeoplemakealivingintheproduction,processing,transport,andsaleofcoffee;theirlivelihoodswouldstandtotakeablowasgrowingareasdecreaseandpricesrise.

Asthetemperaturekeepsrising,yourcupofcoffeewillbecomemuchmoreexpensive,anditmayalsocarryanaftertastebittererthanusual,forallthoseworkersinthecoffeebeltleftwithoutthemeanstomakealivingasconditionsworsen.Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"adversely"inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.

slightly

B.

temporarily

C.

harmfully

D.

gradually（2）Whywillpeoplehavetogrowcoffeeinhighlandareas?A.

Toadapttothechangeoftemperature.

B.

Toincreasethequalityoftheproducts.C.

Toreducethecostofcoffeeproduction

D.

Togetaccesstowatersupplymoreeasily.（3）Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.

Therichwillgetricherandthepoorpoorer.B.

Smallchangesmayhavelargeeffectsingeneral.C.

Developedcountriesoughttoaidpoorcountries.D.

Coffeetradewilleventuallydisappearintheworld.（4）Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureofcoffeeproduction?A.

Cautious.

B.

Worried.

C.

Unconcerned.

D.

Hopeful.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一份新的報告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會顯著影響咖啡。到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。咖啡產業(yè)的變化會對社會造成很多影響。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.”這種對溫度的敏感性增加了植物受到氣候變化影響的風險。由此推斷出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的產量占所有商業(yè)咖啡的70%，在典型的天氣條件下，即使氣溫只上升了半度，也會對其產生不利影響。"adversely"意思是有害的，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevationstotakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.”咖啡生產很可能會被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的溫度，但這將不足以彌補失去的低地地區(qū)。由此推斷出，人們要在高地地區(qū)種植咖啡是為了適應溫度的變化，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.”咖啡是發(fā)展中國家的第二大貿易商品，而生產國無法出口咖啡，可能會在其經濟中引發(fā)巨大的連鎖反應)和最后一段中的“Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.”不僅如此，其經濟影響還將使西方國家在增加對外援助方面損失數(shù)百萬美元。由此推斷出，這些小的變化也可能產生大的影響，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.”一份新的報告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會顯著影響咖啡。和第五段中的“Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.”事實上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。由此推斷出，作者對咖啡生產的未來很擔憂，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇社會類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Goingbacktoschoolcanbeananxioustimeformanystudents.ButoneinstitutioninTexasisdoingitsparttomakesuremiddleschoolersarereturningrefreshedandinspiredtolearn.

Throughaprocesscalledthe"bathroominspirationproject,"teachersandadministratorsatWarrenMiddleSchool,spenttheirsummerbeautifyingtheschool'srestroomsbypaintingmotivationalmurals(壁畫)oneachofthestalls(小隔間).Formingmessageslike"Yourmistakesdon'tdefineyou"and"Scatter(撒播)kindness,"thebrightlycoloredwordsareexactlywhatayoungstudentneedstoseewhenhavingaroughday-oranyschooldayforthatmatter.Andnowthatclassesareofficiallyinsession,peoplearealreadynoticingapositiveimpact.

SincepostingphotosofupgradestotheschoolinJuly,PrincipalJoshuaGarciasaysthatthealterationshavearousedagreatresponse.

"Studentshavebeentalkingaboutthemuralsfromthemomentthepictureshadbeenposted.Someeventookthetimetofindareasontocomeuptothecampustoseethemurals,"hesays."Ithinkwhatmakesthissmalllittleactionsovaluableisthatithassetthetoneforourcampus."

Andnotonlyisthatimportanttostudents,parents,andfellowstaff,butitisalsovitalfortheschool'snewprincipal,whoistryingtogainthetrustofthecommunityduringatimeinwhichtrustissonecessaryforschools.

"Beingnewtothecampus,IthinktheparentswereabletoseehowmuchIvaluetheirchildrenandhavetheirbestinterestatheart,"Garciacontinues."Ihavehadmanyparentstellmehowtheycanjustfeeladifferenceinthecampusclimateandhowmuchtheyareenjoyingseeingtheirchildrenwantingtocomehere.Thesemuralshaveputtrustbackinthecampusanditsteachers,andbydoingsoweareabletobuildacultureinwhichourstudentswanttobehereandlearn."（1）WhathashappenedatWarrenMiddleSchool?A.Paintinghasbecomepopularamongmoststudents.B.Somestudentshavesufferedgreatanxietyatschool.C.Itstoiletshavebeenbeautifiedwithinspiringwords.D.Motivationalmuralshavebeenmadeineachclassroom.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"alterations"inParagraph3probablymean?A.RulesB.ArgumentsC.ChangesD.Opportunities（3）What'sstudentsandparents'attitudetowardthosemurals?A.NegativeB.AmbiguousC.UninterestedD.Supportive（4）WhatdoesGarciaintendtodoaccordingtothetext?A.Reduceincreasinganxiety.B.Buildanartisticatmosphere.C.Createatrustingenvironment.D.Introduceanewculturetosociety.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，德克薩斯州的一所中學繪制衛(wèi)生間文化墻，用正能量的語言激勵學生，從而獲得學生和家長的一致好評。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughaprocesscalledthe‘bathroominspirationproject,’teachersandadministratorsatWarrenMiddleSchool,spenttheirsummerbeautifyingtheschool'srestroomsbypaintingmotivationalmuralsoneachofthestalls

Formingmessageslike‘Yourmistakesdon'tdefineyou’and‘Scatterkindness,’"可知，該中學用勵志語言美化了衛(wèi)生間的每一個小隔間。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“doingitsparttomakesuremiddleschoolersarereturningrefreshedandinspiredtolearn,”以及本段劃線單詞前面的Sincepostingphotosofupgradestotheschool和后面的havearousedagreatresponse可推知，該校別具一格的特色改變引起了大家的關注。故alterations在此意為“改變”。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Studentshavebeentalkingaboutthemuralsfromthemomentthepictureshadbeenposted.Someeventookthetimetofindareasontocomeuptothecampustoseethemurals”以及最后一段中的“Ihavehadmanyparentstellmehowtheycanjustfeeladifferenceinthecampusclimateandhowmuchtheyareenjoyingseeingtheirchildrenwantingtocomehere”可推知，學生和家長對學校的這一舉措持支持態(tài)度。故選D。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“itisalsovitalfortheschool'snewprincipal,whoistryingtogainthetrustofthecommunityduringatimeinwhichtrustissonecessaryorschools”以及最后一段中Garcia所說的“Thesemuralshaveputtrustbackinthecampus”可推知，校長Garcia希望創(chuàng)建一個家長對學校充滿信任的大環(huán)境。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

OnthebanksofTanzania'sLakeEyasilivestheworld'slasthunter-gatherertribe(部落)—theHadza.Theydon'tgrowfood,raiseanimalsorbuildhouses.Insteadtheylivealifeunchangedformorethantenthousandyears.

Theirworldisoneofcompletefreedom—somethingmodernsocietycanbarelyimagineandisunlikelytoeverexperience,letalonehavetheskillstostayalive.Textmessagesandphonecallsdon'texist.Nordocarsandelectricity.Nojobs,timetables,andsocialstructures.Nolaws,taxesandunbelievably,nomoney—theclosestthingtocurrency(交易)isthetradeforapairofshortswithaneighboringtribe.

WespentourtimewiththeHadzahuntingbaboons(狒狒),adailyactivityforthemen.Theirlandispackedwithsharpbushes,poisonoussnakesandman-eatinglions.Butasuccessfulhuntingtripisthedifferencebetweeneatingorgoinghungry.

TheHadzadietconsistsmainlyofhoney,fruitandmeat.Menoftenhuntinpairstoshootanimalswithbowsandarrows.TheHadzashowushowtotrackanimals,frombaboonstosnakestolions.Theyarehugelyskilledwiththeirhandmadebowsandarrows—wehaveagoandbarelygetthearrowtogothreefeetinfrontofus.

ThelanguageoftheHadzaisbelievedtobetheoldeststill-spokenlanguageknowntoman.TheHadzadon'thaveconflict,andhavenomemoryofstarvation.Theirpopulationneverreachesnumbersthatcannotbesupportedthroughhuntingorgathering.Theynevergetfromtheirlandmorethantheyneed.

Unlikemodern-dayofficeworkers,theHadzaenjoyanextraordinaryamountoffreetime.Their“work”—huntingforfood—takesuparoundfivehoursoftheirday.They'vebeeninsuchastateofpeacefulexistenceforthousandsofyears.（1）WecanlearnfromthetextthattheHadza_______.A.

leadaverysimplelife

B.

liveontraditionalagricultureC.

havetheirownsystemofcurrency

D.

showalotofinterestinnewtechnology（2）WhichofthefollowingcandescribetheHadza'senvironment?A.

Stressful.

B.

Comfortable.

C.

Exciting.

D.

Dangerous.（3）TherelationshipbetweentheHadzaandnature_______.A.

isgoingwrong

B.

isfullofconflictC.

isinperfectharmony

D.

ischangingallthetime（4）WhydoestheauthorcometovisittheHadza?A.

Tostudytheirnativelanguage.

B.

Togettoknowtheirwayoflife.C.

Tolearnsurvivalskillsfromthem.

D.

Topersuadethemtoprotectanimals.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了哈扎人的生活方式：他們生活簡單，主要以狩獵為生。他們和大自然和諧相處，長期以來過著平和的生活。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段和第二段中的“Insteadtheylivealifeunchangedformorethantenthousandyears.Textmessagesandphonecallsdon'texist.Nordocarsandelectricity.Nojobs,timetables,andsocialstructures.Nolaws,taxesandunbelievably,nomoney—theclosestthingtocurrency(交易)isthetradeforapairofshortswithaneighboringtribe.”可知，他們過著一萬年不變的生活……短信和電話根本不存在。汽車和電力也沒有。沒有工作、時間表和社會結構。沒有法律、稅收。難以置信的是，沒有錢。由此可以推知，theHadza過著非常簡單的生活。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theirlandispackedwithsharpbushes,poisonoussnakesandman-eatinglions”可知，他們的土地上滿是鋒利的灌木叢，毒蛇和食人獅。由此可知，他們的環(huán)境非常危險。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“TheHadzadon'thaveconflict,andhavenomemoryofstarvation.Theirpopulationneverreachesnumbersthatcannotbesupportedthroughhuntingorgathering.Theynevergetfromtheirlandmorethantheyneed.”可知，哈扎人沒有沖突，也沒有饑餓的記憶。它的人口從未達到通過狩獵或采集無法維持的數(shù)量。他們從自己的土地上得到的東西從來不超過他們所需要的。由此可知，他們和自然和諧相處。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了哈扎人的生活方式：他們生活簡單，主要以狩獵為生。他們和大自然和諧相處，長期以來過著平和的生活。由文章的主要內容可以推知，作者來參觀theHadza就是為了了解他們的生活方式。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistake