簡潔實(shí)用高效第八講非謂語動詞RJ英語專題二詞法篇單句語法填空1．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Thesesepalsopenonwarmdaystogive(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.2．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford'sinternationalvisibility,saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofind(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.3．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Recalling(recall)watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare'splayRichard

ⅢinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThe

Peony

Pavilion,Edmondsonsaid,“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandseehowTang'splaywasbeingperformed.”togivetofindRecalling4．(2024·全國甲卷)Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tendtocatch(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.5．(2023·全國甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins,borrowing(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessageintended(intend)foreveryone.6．(2023·全國乙卷)FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3，000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuilt(build)systemofringroads.tocatchborrowingintendedbuilt7．(2023·全國乙卷)Havingvisited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.8．(2023·全國乙卷)Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyearsrecording(record)everythingIdiscovered.9．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhethertobite(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌頭)．10．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Shanghaimaybetherecognized(recognize)homeofthesoupdumpling,butfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringancientcanaltownofNanxiangasxiao

long

bao'sbirthplace.Havingvisitedrecordingtobiterecognized11．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiao

long

baohaveafineskin,allowingthemtobelifted(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.12．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,andsoIamalwaysleftwanting(want)morenexttime.13．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandtovisiting(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.14．(2022·全國甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.tobeliftedwantingvisitingheld15．(2022·全國甲卷)Heflew4，700kilometersfromXi'antoKashgaronSept.20,planning(plan)tohikebacktoXi'aninfivemonths.planning考點(diǎn)一非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)，即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。非謂語動詞與謂語動詞是相對的概念。非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一覽表類別時態(tài)形式語態(tài)形式主動被動動詞不定式一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing—完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動詞-ing形式(動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞done。注意：及物動詞的過去分詞既表示被動，又表示完成；個別的過去分詞(多數(shù)是不及物動詞)并不表示被動的意思，只有完成的含義1.主、被動形式非謂語動詞與邏輯主語(通常是句子的主語)之間存在主謂、動賓關(guān)系。與邏輯主語之間存在主謂關(guān)系時，用主動形式；與邏輯主語之間存在動賓關(guān)系時，

用被動形式。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天舉行的會議非常重要。2．時間先后關(guān)系根據(jù)非謂語動詞與謂語動詞表示的動作之間的時間先后關(guān)系確定時態(tài)：(1)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或同時發(fā)生，

用非謂語動詞的一般式；Iheardhimsingingabeautifulsongintheroom.我聽見他在房間里正在唱一首優(yōu)美的歌曲。(2)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，

用非謂語動詞的完成式。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.他完成作業(yè)之后就去睡覺了?？键c(diǎn)二非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常要與句子的主語保持一致。1．現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，常表示原因、伴隨、時間、結(jié)果等，與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Lyingstillinthegrass，waiting，heheardthesoundsofnature.他靜靜地躺在草叢里，等待著，傾聽自然之聲。Hecamerunningintotheroom.他跑進(jìn)屋來。2．過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，分詞與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Defeated，theywithdrewintothevalley.他們被打敗了，退回到山谷中。[名師指津]

部分過去分詞作狀語時不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見的詞和短語有：located，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed/buriedin，dressedin，tiredof，facedwith。Tiredofkeepingupwithhersister，Kellywasreadytocarveherownpath.凱麗厭倦了總是跟著姐姐的步伐，準(zhǔn)備開辟自己的道路。3．不定式作狀語(1)作目的狀語，意為“為了；以便”。Toenjoyagrandersight，youmustclimbtoagreaterheight.欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。(2)作結(jié)果狀語，常用于onlytodo結(jié)構(gòu)中。Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，onlytofinditdidn'tfit.她焦急地從包裹里拿出那件衣服試穿，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。[名師指津]

動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，常表示意想不到的結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時，常表示自然而然的結(jié)果。Thebigfirelastedforhours,destroyingtheentirebuilding.大火持續(xù)了幾個小時，摧毀了整棟大樓。(3)作原因狀語，常用于“主語＋系動詞＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有：happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，desperate，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate,right,sad等。Theywereverysadtohearthenews.他們聽到這條新聞非常傷心。[名師指津]

在“主語＋系動詞＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)句子的主語和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系時，不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義，且不定式中的動詞必須是及物動詞，若為不及物動詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortabletositon．這把椅子看上去很硬，但實(shí)際上坐上去很舒服。4．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨等。常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Themoonroseelegantlyfromthevalley,thewholemountainbathingitselfinmysteriousmoonlight.月亮從山谷中優(yōu)雅地升起，整座山都沐浴在神秘的月光中。Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass，hiseyesfixedontheblackboard．他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。

——單句語法填空1．(2024·河南鄭州模擬)TheGPTmodelsbuiltbyOpenAIcombinedTransformerwithunsupervisedlearning,meaning(mean)thatthemodelscanlearnbythemselveswithoutbeingtoldwhattolookat.2．(2024·廣東韶關(guān)模擬)Butthewaitercaughtaglimpseoftheimperialgown(黃袍)underneathandrushedtotell(tell)thechefwithshock.3．(2024·河南開封模擬)Known(know)asFRB121102,itwasfirstdiscoveredin2012andfoundtorepeatin2015.4．(2023·全國乙卷)Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoing(do)much,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.5．(2023·全國乙卷)Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,serving(serve)overseas.meaningtotellKnowndoingserving考點(diǎn)三非謂語動詞作定語1．動詞-ing作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示主動、正在進(jìn)行；若表示被動且正在發(fā)生的動作用beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)。Chinesetea-drinkingculturehasalonghistorydatingbacktomorethan1，000yearsago.中國的飲茶文化有著悠久的歷史，可以追溯到1000多年前。(2)動名詞作定語，表示被修飾詞的某種用途，在意義上相當(dāng)于“名詞＋for＋doing”，此時動名詞常置于被修飾詞的前面。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.閱覽室里不準(zhǔn)大聲說話。2．過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語，表示被動、完成。Theuniversityisknownforitslanguageandculturecoursesintendedforinternationalstudents.這所大學(xué)以其為國際學(xué)生開設(shè)的語言和文化課程而聞名。Thegardenerissweepingupfallenleavesinthepark.園丁正在清掃公園里的落葉。[名師指津]

作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式有doing和done兩種。doing表示正在進(jìn)行；done表示已經(jīng)完成。3．不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語，表示動作尚未發(fā)生。Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbookson．她買了一個書架放書。(2)在序數(shù)詞，theonly，thelast，thenext和形容詞最高級后或在被這些詞修飾的名詞或代詞后常用不定式作定語。Heisalwaysthefirsttobearhardshipsandthelasttoenjoycomforts.他總是吃苦在前，享受在后。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用不定式作定語。常見的這類名詞有ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。Sometimeshisgreatestgiftwashisabilitytosimplyreducetheiranxiety.有時候，他最大的天賦就是能夠簡單地減輕他們的焦慮。

——單句語法填空1．(2024·福建福州模擬)Itdoesthisbydrawingoninformationcollected(collect)fromalargecorpus(語料庫)oftextdata.2．(2024·廣東汕頭模擬)Inthisway,you'regoingtohaveachallengethatwillgiveyouconfidencetodeal(deal)withmanyotherthingsinthisworld.3．Thestadiumshaped(shape)likeadatepalmbowlandanenamellanternisthefirstmovable“greenstadium”．4．(2024·浙江溫州模擬)Thebluewhale,weighing(weigh)morethaneventhebiggestdinosaurs,isthelargestanimalthathaseverlived.5．(2024·湖北武漢模擬)Duringadecadeofcontinuousdevelopment,PlantSpecieswithExtremelySmallPopulations(PSESP)wasappliedasamodeltoconserve(conserve)nativeplantsincountriessuchasItaly,Russia,MexicoandIraq.collectedtodealshapedweighingtoconserve考點(diǎn)四非謂語動詞作賓語1．只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞和短語：

suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,risk,keep,keepon,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。IavoidedlookingatmydentistintheeyeasItookmyseatonthechairshakily.我顫抖著坐在椅子上，避免看牙醫(yī)的眼睛。2．只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞和短語：agree,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen,wouldlike等。Ihavedecidedtostudyengineering.我已經(jīng)決定學(xué)工程學(xué)。3．既可跟動名詞又可跟不定式作賓語的動詞和短語：remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,mean,start,begin,try等。如：Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday，butIforgot.我本來打算今天給你這本書的，可是我忘了。Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯過這輛火車意味著得再等一小時。

——單句語法填空1．(2024·河北保定模擬)Whilewedoneedtorelyonquiteabitofself-promotiontomakeothersawareofourcompetences,humblebraggersareknownformixing(mix)self-promotionwithhumilityorcomplaint.2．(2024·山東煙臺模擬)Hechosetosell(sell)thefriesinMonticello.3．(2024·湖南長沙模擬)Astaffmemberexplainsthecuttingofplantationforestsismorelikethinning(thin)whenfarmersplantcrops.4．(2024·江蘇南京模擬)Wehopetobetterunderstandhowourbrainsarecapableoffinding(find)newsolutions,whateverthesituation.5．(2024·遼寧縣級重點(diǎn)高中協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)Eventhoughpeopleinitiallylaughedathim,hefinallymanagedtogive(give)hishometownapathavailabletothenearbytown.mixingtosellthinningfindingtogive考點(diǎn)五非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語1．不定式作賓補(bǔ)(1)接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞(短語)常見的有ask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,cause,allow,permit,forbid,warn,remind,teach,send,callon,waitfor,wouldlike/love/prefer等表示勸、請、要求類動詞。Theteacheraskedustofinishourhomework.老師要求我們完成家庭作業(yè)。Thepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet.警察告訴男孩子們不要在街上玩耍。(2)接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞(短語)：·一感：feel·二聽：hear,listento·三讓：let,make,have·四看：see,watch,notice,observe·半幫助：helpsb.todo/dosth.不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示某人做某事的全過程或某事發(fā)生的全過程，強(qiáng)調(diào)事件的發(fā)生和結(jié)束。Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.我看見他幾分鐘前離開了。2．現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動作的過程，即動作正在進(jìn)行，尚未結(jié)束。賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Ihearsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我聽到有人在敲門。I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingforalongtime.對不起，讓你久等了。3．過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已完成，表明動作的結(jié)果，賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Hesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.他看到那個賊被警察抓起來了。Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard．老師提高嗓門以便讓別人聽到他的話。[名師指津]

with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式：Withtheteacherstandingbeside,shefeltabituneasy.老師站在旁邊，她感到有點(diǎn)不安。Withalltheworkfinished,theywentouttoplay.所有的工作都做完了，他們出去玩了。Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash．有這么多衣服要洗，我不能出去?！獑尉湔Z法填空1．Fubelieveditwashisscientificapproachtotrainingthatenabledhimtoovercome(overcome)thosedifficultiesandreachhisdestination.2．Helookedaroundandcaughtamansmoking(smoke)inthecorner.3．Hefoundhimselfsurrounded(surround)byalotofpeoplewhenhewokeup.4．Atfirst,shewasverynervous.However,withtheproblemssettled(settle),shefeltmuchrelieved.5．Insomepartsoftheworldnowadays,youoftenseemusiciansperforming(perform)inthestreetstopassers-by.toovercomesmokingsurroundedsettledperforming考點(diǎn)六非謂語動詞作主語和表語1．非謂語動詞作主語(1)動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動作；不定式作主語表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動作。Listeningtomusicismysister'shobby.聽音樂是我姐姐的愛好。Toenteragooduniversityforfurtherstudyismygoalnow.進(jìn)入一所好的大學(xué)深造是我現(xiàn)在的目標(biāo)。(2)it作形式主語，代替真正作主語的動詞不定式或動名詞的常見句型有：①Itis/wasnouse/gooddoingsth.；It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.ItwasnousepretendingthatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.假裝沒看見他是沒有用的，所以我向他揮了揮手。Itisnogoodtryingthatmethod,becauseitwon'twork.嘗試那種方法沒用，因?yàn)樗胁煌ā＂贗tis/was＋adj.(＋for/ofsb.)＋todosth.Itisimportantforustomeetpersonallyalthoughwehavebeenintouchinvariousways.盡管我們以各種方式保持聯(lián)系，但見面對我們來說很重要。2．非謂語動詞作表語非謂語動詞中能作表語的有動詞-ing形式、過去分詞和動詞不定式。動詞-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞。(1)表示事物的特征或性質(zhì)時，表語用現(xiàn)在分詞；表示內(nèi)心感受時，表語用過去分詞。Atfirstshewasterrified,butthenshepulledherselftogether.起初她很害怕，但后來又恢復(fù)了鎮(zhèn)定。Theradiationofnuclearbombingisterrifying．核爆炸的輻射是可怕的。(2)不定式表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動作，而動名詞表示通常的情況。TheaimofthefestivalistoincreaseawarenessofChinesecultureandtraditions.該節(jié)日的目的是提高人們對中國文化和傳統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你們英語。

——單句語法填空1．Itis,therefore,urgenttoupdate(update)ourcurriculabyintroducingtherecentdevelopmentsintherelevantfields.2．Infact,muchremainstobelearned/learnt(learn)abouttraditionalChinesepaintinganditselements.ThroughappreciatingChinesepainting,youwillhaveabetterunderstandingoftraditionalChinesecultureandChinesepeople.3．Soeagerwasshetobeacrewmemberthatsheovercamemanydifficultiesandultimatelybecamequalified(qualify)．4．(2024·北京海淀區(qū)模擬)Itisbelievedthatreceiving(receive)Sanfutieduringthehottestsummerdaysiseffectiveforcoughs,asthma,andarthritis.5．(2024·河北石家莊模擬)China'sfirstlargehome-madecruiseship(游輪),roughlytheheightofa24-storeybuilding,wasscheduled(schedule)tobedeliveredtoitsuseraroundtheendof2023.toupdatetobelearned/learntqualifiedreceivingscheduledⅠ.單句語法填空1．Ifyouwanttosign(sign)upfortheadvancedcourse,youmustcontactyourteacherinadvance.2．Thiscompanywasthefirsttoproduce(produce)portablecomputersaswellasvisualtelephonesatthattime.3．China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountriesrecognizing(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.4．Theancienttownissopeacefulthatitisworthvisiting(visit)asecondtime.5．Known(know)asadesertguardian,afullygrownsaxaultreecanholdland.6．Consumptionoffriedfoodsandthosecontaining(contain)lotsofsugarisstronglylinkedtodepression,evenwhenage,educationandincomearetakenintoaccount.tosigntoproducerecognizingvisitingKnowncontaining7．China'scapitalcityBeijingwillmakegreateffortsinpromoting(promote)PekingOperainschoolstotheyoungergeneration.8．RichardlovesChinesekungfuandisoftenseentopractice(practice)ontheplayground.9．(2024·河南商丘高三月考)Inthepast,theauthoritiessuggesteddrinkingboiled(boil)watertopreventinfectiousdiseases,becauseitwasgenerallyconsideredawaytokill(kill)offbacteria.10．Convinced(convince)thattheBeltandRoadInitiativewillbenefitChina'seconomy,weareoptimisticaboutthefutureofourcountry.promotingtopracticeboiledtokillConvincedⅡ.語篇專練(非謂語動詞)Letchildrenlearn1.tojudge(judge)theirownwork.Achild2.learning(learn)totalkdoesnotlearnby3.beingcorrected(correct)allthetime;if4.corrected(correct)toomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenhislanguageandothers'languages.Bitbybit,hemakestherightchanges5.tomake(make)hislanguagelikeotherpeople's.Inthesameway,childrenlearntodoalltheotherthings.Theylearntotalk,run,climb,rideabicyclebycomparingtheirownbehaviorswiththoseofmore6.skilled(skill)people,andslowlymakethe7.needed(need)changes.Butinschoolteachersnevergiveachildachance8.tofind(find)outhismistakesforhimself,evenf