2025年英語專四閱讀理解沖刺試卷：長篇閱讀與主旨大意解析考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartILongReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Theriseofthedigitalagehasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofmodernwork,bringingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallenges.Perhapsthemostprofoundtransformationhasbeentheshiftfromtraditional,fixed-locationemploymenttoamorefluid,location-independentmodel.Technology,particularlytheinternetandmobiledevices,hasbeentheprimaryenablerofthischange,allowingindividualstoperformtasksremotelyandcollaboratewithcolleaguesacrossgeographicalboundaries.Thisflexibilityisoftencitedasamajorbenefit,offeringworkersgreaterautonomyandthepotentialtobalanceprofessionalresponsibilitieswithpersonallifemoreeffectively.However,thisincreasedflexibilityisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Theboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallifehavebecomeincreasinglyblurred.Employeesareoftenexpectedtobeavailableatalltimes,leadingtoacultureofconstantconnectivitythatcanresultinburnoutanddecreasedwell-being.Thelackofaphysicalofficeenvironmentcanalsofosterfeelingsofisolationanddisconnectionfromthebroaderteam,potentiallyhinderingcollaborationandthedevelopmentofsocialnetworkscrucialforprofessionalgrowth.Furthermore,thetransitiontoremoteworkhashighlightedexistinginequalitieswithintheworkforce.Accesstoreliabletechnology,high-speedinternet,andsuitablehomeenvironmentsisnotuniversal,creatingdisparitiesinproductivityandopportunities.Therearealsoconcernsthatcertainrolesorindustriesmaybemoresuitedtoremoteworkthanothers,potentiallyexacerbatingstructuralunemploymentinsectorsunabletoadapt.Fromanorganizationalperspective,managingaremoteworkforcepresentsuniquedifficulties.Leadersmustdevelopnewstrategiesforcommunication,motivation,andperformanceevaluationthataccountforthelackofface-to-faceinteraction.Buildingcompanycultureandensuringemployeeengagementbecomemorecomplextaskswhenteamsaredispersed.Despitethesechallenges,manybusinesseshavefoundwaystosuccessfullyimplementremoteworkpolicies,oftenleadingtoincreasedemployeesatisfactionandreducedoverheadcostsassociatedwithphysicalofficespaces.Thefutureofworkappearstobeincreasinglyhybrid,incorporatingelementsofbothremoteandin-officework.Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,newtoolsandmethodologieswilllikelyemergetosupportthisblendedmodel.Thekeychallengeforindividuals,organizations,andsocietyatlargewillbetonavigatethischanginglandscapeinawaythatmaximizesthebenefitsofflexibilitywhilemitigatingthepotentialnegativeconsequences,ensuringasustainableandequitablefutureforwork.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainbenefitsofremoteworkenabledbytechnology?2.Theword"irrevocably"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:3.Whatpotentialnegativeeffectofremoteworkdoesthepassagesuggestmayleadtodecreasedwell-being?4.Thepassagementions"disparitiesinproductivityandopportunities"relatedtoaccesstotechnology.Whatdoesthisimplyaboutthecurrentstateofremoteworkadoption?5.Whatchallengedoesthepassageidentifyforleadersmanagingremoteteams?6.Basedonthepassage,whatdoesthefutureofworkseemlikelytoinvolve?7.Thephrase"acultureofconstantconnectivity"implies:8.Whataspectoftheworkforceishighlightedasbeingpotentiallymoresusceptibletothechallengesofremotework?9.Accordingtothepassage,whymightsomebusinessesfindremoteworkadvantageous?10.Whatistheprimaryconcernmentionedregardingtheshifttoremotework?PartIIMainIdeaComprehensionReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonyourunderstandingofthemainidea.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecadesasanecessaryframeworkforaddressingglobalenvironmentalandsocialissues.Atitscore,sustainabledevelopmentaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisprinciple,oftenattributedtotheBrundtlandCommission's1987report,emphasizestheinterconnectednessofeconomicgrowth,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotection.Proponentsarguethattrueprogresscannotbemeasuredsolelybyeconomicindicators;itmustalsoconsiderthelong-termhealthoftheplanetandthewell-beingofallitsinhabitants.Implementingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresamultifacetedapproachthattranscendsnationalbordersandinvolvesvariousstakeholders,includinggovernments,corporations,NGOs,andindividualconsumers.Keystrategiesoftenincludetransitioningtorenewableenergysources,promotingenergyefficiency,implementingsustainableagriculturepractices,protectingbiodiversity,andensuringequitableaccesstoresources.Theadoptionofgreentechnologiesandthedevelopmentofcirculareconomymodels,whichfocusonminimizingwasteandreusingmaterials,arealsocrucialcomponents.Moreover,fosteringsustainableconsumptionpatternsandraisingenvironmentalawarenessamongthegeneralpublicareessentialforcreatingacollectivecommitmenttosustainability.Despiteitstheoreticalappeal,thepracticalimplementationofsustainabledevelopmentfacesnumerousobstacles.Economicinterestsoftenclashwithenvironmentalprotectionefforts,leadingtopoliciesthatprioritizeshort-termgainsoverlong-termsustainability.Additionally,globalinequalityanddifferingdevelopmentalprioritiesamongnationscomplicateeffortstoestablishunifiedinternationalagreementsandstandards.Furthermore,thetransitiontoasustainableeconomyrequiressignificantinvestmentinnewtechnologiesandinfrastructure,whichcanbeabarrierformanycountries,particularlydevelopingones.Moreover,changingentrenchedbehaviorsandmindsetsrelatedtoconsumptionandproductionisaslowandcomplexprocess.Thechallengesassociatedwithsustainabledevelopmentunderscoretheneedforinnovativeandcollaborativesolutions.Encouragingpublic-privatepartnerships,supportingresearchanddevelopmentinsustainabletechnologies,andstrengtheninginternationalcooperationareallvitalsteps.Educationplaysacriticalroleinfosteringanewgenerationthatvaluessustainabilityandunderstandstheimportanceofresponsibleresourcemanagement.Policyinterventions,suchascarbonpricingandsubsidiesforgreentechnologies,canalsohelpsteereconomicactivitytowardsmoresustainablepathways.Ultimately,achievingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresafundamentalshiftinhowsocietiesvaluetheenvironmentandorganizeeconomicactivities,movingawayfromapurelyprofit-drivenmodeltowardsonethatintegratesecologicalandsocialconsiderations.Questions:1.Whatisthecentralconceptdescribedinthefirstparagraphthatsustainabledevelopmentaimstoachieve?2.Thepassagesuggeststhatsustainabledevelopmentrequirestheinvolvementofmultiplestakeholders.WhichgroupisNOTmentionedasastakeholder?3.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomekeystrategiesforimplementingsustainabledevelopment?4.Whatchallengeismentionedregardingtheeconomicaspectsoftransitioningtoasustainablemodel?5.Thephrase"multifacetedapproach"inthesecondparagraphrefersto:6.Whatdoesthepassageidentifyasacrucialcomponentofcreatingacollectivecommitmenttosustainability?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneobstacletoimplementingsustainabledevelopmentrelatedtointernationalrelations?8.Whatdoestheconceptofa"circulareconomy"aimtoachieve,asmentionedinthepassage?9.Thepassageimpliesthatachievingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresashiftin:10.Whatroledoeseducationplayinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?試卷答案PartILongReadingComprehension1.Flexibility,offeringworkersgreaterautonomyandthepotentialtobalanceprofessionalresponsibilitieswithpersonallifemoreeffectively.**解析思路：*問題問的是遠(yuǎn)程工作帶來的主要好處。文章第一段明確提到“Perhapsthemostprofoundtransformationhasbeentheshiftfromtraditional,fixed-locationemploymenttoamorefluid,location-independentmodel.”并指出這種靈活性是主要變化，“Thisflexibilityisoftencitedasamajorbenefit,offeringworkersgreaterautonomyandthepotentialtobalanceprofessionalresponsibilitieswithpersonallifemoreeffectively.”因此，選項(xiàng)中描述的靈活性、自主性和更好地平衡工作與生活是正確答案。2.Unchangeably.**解析思路：*問題要求找出“irrevocably”最接近的意思?！癐rrevocably”意為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)地，無法改變地。選項(xiàng)“Unchangeably”意為不可改變地，與“irrevocably”的意思最為接近。3.Acultureofconstantconnectivity.**解析思路：*問題問的是遠(yuǎn)程工作可能導(dǎo)致福祉下降的潛在負(fù)面影響。文章第二段提到“Theboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallifehavebecomeincreasinglyblurred...leadingtoacultureofconstantconnectivitythatcanresultinburnoutanddecreasedwell-being.”因此，“acultureofconstantconnectivity”是導(dǎo)致倦怠和福祉下降的原因。4.Thataccesstotechnologyisnotuniversal.**解析思路：*問題基于文章指出“disparitiesinproductivityandopportunities”與獲取技術(shù)的相關(guān)性，暗示了當(dāng)前遠(yuǎn)程工作采用的情況。文章第三段明確說“Furthermore,thetransitiontoremoteworkhashighlightedexistinginequalitieswithintheworkforce.Accesstoreliabletechnology,high-speedinternet,andsuitablehomeenvironmentsisnotuniversal...”這表明并非所有人都能平等地獲得遠(yuǎn)程工作所需的條件，存在差距。5.Developingnewstrategiesforcommunication,motivation,andperformanceevaluationthataccountforthelackofface-to-faceinteraction.**解析思路：*問題問的是管理遠(yuǎn)程團(tuán)隊(duì)對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者提出的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第四段提到“Fromanorganizationalperspective,managingaremoteworkforcepresentsuniquedifficulties.Leadersmustdevelopnewstrategiesforcommunication,motivation,andperformanceevaluationthataccountforthelackofface-to-faceinteraction.”因此，開發(fā)新的溝通、激勵(lì)和績效評估策略是主要挑戰(zhàn)。6.Ahybridmodelincorporatingelementsofbothremoteandin-officework.**解析思路：*問題要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷未來工作的形式。文章最后一段提到“Thefutureofworkappearstobeincreasinglyhybrid,incorporatingelementsofbothremoteandin-officework.”因此，混合模式，結(jié)合遠(yuǎn)程和辦公室工作元素，是未來的趨勢。7.Anexpectationthatemployeesareavailableatalltimes.**解析思路：*問題要求解釋“acultureofconstantconnectivity”的含義。文章第二段解釋了這種文化：“Employeesareoftenexpectedtobeavailableatalltimes,leadingto...”這表明這種文化意味著員工隨時(shí)待命。8.Certainrolesorindustries.**解析思路：*問題指出遠(yuǎn)程工作可能加劇結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)，詢問哪個(gè)群體可能更容易受到影響。文章第三段提到“Thereareconcernsthatcertainrolesorindustriesmaybemoresuitedtoremoteworkthanothers,potentiallyexacerbatingstructuralunemploymentinsectorsunabletoadapt.”因此，特定的工作角色或行業(yè)更容易受到遠(yuǎn)程工作的影響。9.Reducedoverheadcostsassociatedwithphysicalofficespaces.**解析思路：*問題問的是文章中提到的一些企業(yè)發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程工作有利的原因。文章第四段提到“Manybusinesseshavefoundwaystosuccessfullyimplementremoteworkpolicies,oftenleadingtoincreasedemployeesatisfactionandreducedoverheadcostsassociatedwithphysicalofficespaces.”因此，減少與實(shí)體辦公室空間相關(guān)的管理費(fèi)用是企業(yè)采用遠(yuǎn)程工作的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢。10.Thepotentialnegativeconsequencesofconstantconnectivityandisolation.**解析思路：*問題要求找出文章中提到的主要關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)向遠(yuǎn)程工作的擔(dān)憂。文章在第二段提到了遠(yuǎn)程工作可能導(dǎo)致的問題：“l(fā)eadingtoacultureofconstantconnectivitythatcanresultinburnoutanddecreasedwell-being”以及“...potentiallyhinderingcollaborationandthedevelopmentofsocialnetworkscrucialforprofessionalgrowth.”這些是主要的擔(dān)憂，即持續(xù)連接的文化可能導(dǎo)致倦怠和福祉下降，以及阻礙協(xié)作和專業(yè)社交發(fā)展。PartIIMainIdeaComprehension1.Meetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.**解析思路：*問題問的是第一段描述的可持續(xù)發(fā)展核心概念。文章第一段開頭就定義了可持續(xù)發(fā)展：“Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasgainedsignificanttraction...aimingtomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”這句直接給出了核心概念。2.Individuals(consumers).**解析思路：*問題問的是文章第二段提到的利益相關(guān)者中，哪一個(gè)沒有被提及。第二段列出了“governments,corporations,NGOs,andindividualconsumers”。因此，沒有提到的群體是個(gè)體（消費(fèi)者）。3.Transitioningtorenewableenergysources,promotingenergyefficiency,implementingsustainableagriculturepractices,protectingbiodiversity,ensuringequitableaccesstoresources,adoptinggreentechnologies,anddevelopingcirculareconomymodels.**解析思路：*問題問的是實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一些關(guān)鍵策略。文章第二段列舉了多種策略：“Keystrategiesoftenincludetransitioningtorenewableenergysources,promotingenergyefficiency,implementingsustainableagriculturepractices,protectingbiodiversity,andensuringequitableaccesstoresources.Moreover,fosteringsustainableconsumptionpatternsandraisingenvironmentalawareness...arealsocrucialcomponents.Encouragingpublic-privatepartnerships,supportingresearchanddevelopmentinsustainabletechnologies,andstrengtheninginternationalcooperationareallvitalsteps.”因此，列出的各項(xiàng)策略都是關(guān)鍵策略。4.Economicinterestsoftenclashwithenvironmentalprotectionefforts,leadingtopoliciesthatprioritizeshort-termgainsoverlong-termsustainability.**解析思路：*問題問的是向可持續(xù)模式轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)，與經(jīng)濟(jì)方面相關(guān)的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第三段提到“Economicinterestsoftenclashwithenvironmentalprotectionefforts,leadingtopoliciesthatprioritizeshort-termgainsoverlong-termsustainability.”這句話指出了經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的沖突，以及政策傾向于短期利益而非長期可持續(xù)性的問題。5.Avarietyofapproachesormethods.**解析思路：*問題要求解釋第二段中的“multifacetedapproach”是指什么。“Multifaceted”意為多方面的。結(jié)合上下文，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要政府、企業(yè)、NGO、個(gè)人等多方參與，采用多種策略（如轉(zhuǎn)向可再生能源、提高能效、保護(hù)生物多樣性等），并需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新和合作。這表明實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要多種方法或途徑。6.Raisingenvironmentalawarenessamongthegeneralpublic.**解析思路：*問題問的是根據(jù)文章，教育在創(chuàng)造集體承諾方面的作用。文章第二段提到：“Moreover,fosteringsustainableconsumptionpatternsandraisingenvironmentalawarenessamongthegeneralpublicareessentialforcreatingacollectivecommitmenttosustainability.”因此，提高公眾的環(huán)境意識(shí)對于建立可持續(xù)發(fā)展的集體承諾至關(guān)重要。7.Globalinequalityanddifferingdevelopmentalprioritiesamongnations