【英語(yǔ)】高一英語(yǔ)專題匯編閱讀理解(一)一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Generallyspeaking,governmentregulationsnormallybananythingfromsmokinginpublicplacestoparkingincertainzones.ButofficialsintheBraziliantownofBiritibaMirim,70km(45miles)eastofSaoPaulo,havegonefarbeyondthat.Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.

There'snomoreroomtoburythedead,theycan'tbecremated(火化)andlawsforbidanewcemetery.Sothemayorhasproposedastrangesolution:outlawdeath.MayorRobertoPereirasaysthebillismeantasaprotestagainstfederalregulationsthatprohibitneworexpandedcemeteriesinpreservationareas."Theyhavenottakenlocaldemandsintoconsideration",heclaims.

A2003decree(法令)byBrazil'sNationalEnvironmentCouncilforbidsburialgroundsinprotectedareas.Mr.Pereirawantstobuildanewcemetery,buttheprojecthasbeenstoppedbecause98%ofBiritibaMirimisconsideredasapreservationarea.

BiritibaMirim,atownof28,000inhabitants,notonlywantstoprohibitresidentsfrompassingaway.Thebillalsocallsonpeopletotakecareoftheirhealthinordertoavoiddeath."Ihaven'tgotajob,noramIhealthy.AndnowtheysayIcan'tdie.That'sridiculous,"AmaridodoPrado,anunemployedresidentsaid.

Thecitycouncilisexpectedtovoteontheregulationnextweek."Ofcoursethebillislaughable,illegal,andwillneverbeapproved,"saidGilsonSoaresdeCampos,anassistantofthemayor."Butcanyouthinkofabetterresolutiontopersuadethegovernmenttochangetheenvironmentaldecreethatisprohibitingusfrombuildinganewcemetery?"Thebillstatesthat"offenderswillbeheldresponsiblefortheiracts."However,itdoesnotsaywhatthepunishmentwillbe.（1）WhatisthebilltobeproposedbytheofficialsinBiritibaMirim?A.

Banonbuildinganewcemetery.

B.

Banonparkingincertainzones.C.

Forbiddingburiedgroundsinpreservation.

D.

Prohibitingresidentsfromdyingearly.（2）Whatcanweinferfromthephrase"havegonefarbeyondthat"inthefirstparagraph?A.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavemadetheseregulations.

B.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavebeentomanyplacesaroundtheworld.C.

ThebilltobeproposedbyofficialsinBiritibaMirimismuchtoounexpected.

D.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavebuilttoomanycemeteriesintheirtown.（3）What'stheattitudeofthemayorofBiritibaMirimtowardsthefederalregulations?A.

Hegivesstrongbackingtothem.

B.

Heobjectstothem.C.

Heremainssilentaboutthem.

D.

Heaskstheresidentsforadviceonthem.（4）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.

Thebillhascomeintoeffectbutitdoesn'tstateclearlywhatpunishementstheoffenderswillreceive.

B.

Theresidentsofthetownsinghighpraiseforthebill.C.

Thegovernmentisgoingtochangetheunreasonaleandlaughabledecree.

D.

Nobetterresolutionoftheproblemshasbeenthoughtout.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，由于墓地短缺，巴西城市BiritibaMirim的官員草擬了一份不準(zhǔn)人過早的死去的法案，這引起了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦臓?zhēng)論。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.”可知BiritibaMirim的官員們計(jì)劃制定法律不允許人們過早死亡，主要是因?yàn)闆]有再多的墓地了。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Generallyspeaking,governmentregulationsnormallybananythingfromsmokinginpublicplacestoparkingincertainzones.”可知政府會(huì)禁止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所抽煙或在某些特定地點(diǎn)停車，但是巴西BiritibaMirim的官員的建議卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止于此，根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.”可知BiritibaMirim甚至不允許人們?cè)缢?，這樣的規(guī)定早已超過人們的想象了。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“MayorRobertoPereirasaysthebillismeantasaprotestagainstfederalregulationsthatprohibitneworexpandedcemeteriesinpreservationareas.”可知市長(zhǎng)RobertoPereira說他們制定的這個(gè)法案是反對(duì)聯(lián)邦的規(guī)定的。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butcanyouthinkofabetterresolutiontopersuadethegovernmenttochangetheenvironmentaldecreethatisprohibitingusfrombuildinganewcemetery?”可知現(xiàn)在沒有更好的方法來(lái)解決缺乏墓地的問題。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測(cè)兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Anyonecantrytoleadagroup,butnoteveryindividualiscutoutforleadership.Thebetterleaderspossessafewqualitiesthatcanmeanthedifferencebetweenthesuccessandfailureofthegroup.Thesearethequalitiestheleaderofhigherrankwilllookforwhenchoosingaleaderforagroup,orwhenevaluatingtheperformanceofaleader.They'realsothequalitiesteammemberswantinagroupleader,andappreciatewhentheyfindthem.

TakeResponsibility

Groupleadersmightsharetasksaroundagroupasnecessary,buteventuallyagroupleaderneedstobeabletoacceptthatresponsibilityliesonhisshoulders.Thatmeansthatifthingsgowronginagroupproject,he'stheonewhomustaccepttheconsequencesandworkoutwhatmistakesaremade.Thegroupleaderwon'talwayshavethepowertocontroleverythinggroupmembersdo,butheshouldbereadytoadmitanymistakesthegrouphasmadeasaresultofhisleadership

ConcernforMembers

Thegroupleaderhasacommitmenttothetaskorprojectathand,butperhapsmoreimportantly,hehasarealconcernforeachandeverypersonwhoispartofhisgroup.Thismeansgettingtoknowthestrengths,weaknessesandgoalsofteammembers,aswellasmakingtimetobuildthegroupthroughcollectiveactivities.Thegroupleadershouldmakesurethateveryoneisincluded,evenifanindividualisnewtoagroup.

GoodListener

Thegroupleaderneedstobeabletolistentothesuggestions,complaintsandideasofgroupmembers.Notonlywillthisallowcomplaintstobeaddressedandpotentiallysuitableideastobeputintopractice,butaleaderwholistenswillalsoencouragegroupmemberstosharetheirconcernsandthoughts,creatinganatmosphereoffreespeechandproductivity.（1）Thepassageismainlyabout____________.A.

choosingagoodleaderforagroup.

B.

assessingtheperformanceofaleader.C.

teammembers'appreciationofaleader.

D.

qualitiesofagoodgroupleader.（2）Agoodleadershouldalwaysbeableto_______.A.

tellwhenthingsgowronginagroupproject.

B.

recognizeanymistakesashisown.C.

makegroupmembersadmittheirmistakes.

D.

controleverythinggroupmembersdo.（3）Accordingto"Concernsformembers",whichofthefollowingisagoodqualityofaleader?A.

fair

B.

reliable

C.

determined

D.

generous（4）Whichofthefollowingisnotabenefitofthegroupleaderbeingagoodlistener?A.

Offeringachanceforgroupmemberstoexpressthemselvesfreely.

B.

Makingitpossibletodealwithgroupmembers'complaints.C.

Allowingtheleadertoputhisideasintopractice.

D.

Makinggroupmembersproductivebysharingtheirthoughts.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了關(guān)于好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)所應(yīng)具備的能力和品質(zhì)的：責(zé)任心、關(guān)愛和善于傾聽。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thesearethequalitiestheleaderofhigherrankwilllookforwhenchoosingaleaderforagroup,orwhenevaluatingtheperformanceofaleader.They'realsothequalitiesteammemberswantinagroupleader,andappreciatewhentheyfindthem.”可知本文主要介紹了領(lǐng)袖人物所要具有的品質(zhì)，同樣這些品質(zhì)也是團(tuán)隊(duì)成員想在領(lǐng)袖身上看見的。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thegroupleaderwon'talwayshavethepowertocontroleverythinggroupmembersdo,butheshouldbereadytoadmitanymistakesthegrouphasmadeasaresultofhisleadership.”可知作為團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)袖，應(yīng)該愿意接受成員所犯的錯(cuò)誤，并愿意把這些錯(cuò)誤當(dāng)成是由于自己的原因造成的。故選B項(xiàng)。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thegroupleadershouldmakesurethateveryoneisincluded,evenifanindividualisnewtoagroup.”可知領(lǐng)袖要確保團(tuán)隊(duì)里所有人都參與活動(dòng)，包括新人在內(nèi)。也就是說要保持公平的態(tài)度。故選A。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Notonlywillthisallowcomplaintstobeaddressedandpotentiallysuitableideastobeputintopractice,butaleaderwholistenswillalsoencouragegroupmemberstosharetheirconcernsandthoughts,creatinganatmosphereoffreespeechandproductivity.”可知ABD三項(xiàng)都是領(lǐng)袖人物善于傾聽?zhēng)?lái)的好處，只有C項(xiàng)沒有提及，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

A3-year-oldboywhowaslostinthewoodsfortwodaysisnowsafeathomewithhisfamily.ButCaseyHathawaytoldhisrescuersthathewasnotaloneintherainy,freezingcoldwoods.Hesaidhewaswithafriend—abear.

ThechildwentmissingonJanuary22.Hewasplayingwithfriendsathisgrandmother'shouseinthesouthernstateofNorthCarolina.WhentheotherchildrenreturnedhomebutCaseydidnot,thefamilysearchedtheareaforalmostanhourbeforecallingthepolice.Policeformedasearchandrescueteamtolookfortheyoungboyinthenearbywoods.Buttwodayswentbyandstill—noCasey.

ThenonJanuary24,someonecalledthepolicesayingheheardachildcryinginthewoods.PolicefollowedupontheinformationandfoundCaseyatabout9:30thatnight.Theypulledhimoutofsomebriar.Hewasingoodhealth.Caseytoldtherescuersthathehadhungoutwithablackbearfortwodays,abearhecalledhis"friend".

SheriffChipHughesspokewithreportersfromseveralnewsagencies.HesaidCaseydidnotsayhowhewasabletosurviveinthewoodsforthreedaysinthecold,rainyweather.However,thesheriffsaid,"Hedidsayhehadafriendinthewoodsthatwasabearthatwaswithhim."

Hundredsofpeoplehelpedinthesearchandrescueefforts,includingsome600volunteers,federalpoliceandmembersofthemilitary.OfficerHughestoldreportersthatatnopointdidhethinkCaseyhadbeenkidnapped.

HismotherBrittanyHathawaytalkedwithreportersfromalocalnewsagencyandthankedeveryonewhojoinedthesearchforherson."Wejustwanttotelleverybodythatwe'reverythankfulthatyoutookthetimeouttosearchforCaseyandprayedforhim,andhe'sgood,"saidhismother."Heisgood,heisupandtalking.He'salreadyaskedtowatchNetflix.So,he'sgood…"（1）WhendidCaseygetlost?A.

OnJanuary24.

B.

Aftera911call.C.

Beforehisplaymatescame.

D.

Afterhelefthisgrandmother'shouse.（2）Whatcanweknowabouttheboy?A.

Hesurvivedwiththehelpofabear.B.

Therescuersrescuedhimfromabear.C.

Someoneofferedkeyinformationtofindhim.D.

HewaseventuallyfoundbyofficerHughes.（3）Whydidthemothersaythatinthelastparagraph?A.

Toreportthedetailedsituation.

B.

Toshowhergratitudeandrelief.C.

Toinviteeveryonetowatchherchild.

D.

Toappreciatesearchersandthebear.（4）Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.

Anewsreport.

B.

Aguidebook.

C.

Adiary.

D.

Anadvertisement.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，男孩凱西在離開祖母家后就失蹤了。兩天之后,警察根據(jù)得到的線索在樹林里找到了凱西。凱西告訴他的救援人員在森林里的這兩天他一直和一只熊在一起。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThechildwentmissingonJanuary22.Hewasplayingwithfriendsathisgrandmother'shouseinthesouthernstateofNorthCarolina.WhentheotherchildrenreturnedhomebutCaseydidnot”,可知這個(gè)孩子在1月22日失蹤了。他正在他的祖母在北卡羅來(lái)納州南部州的房子里玩耍。當(dāng)其他孩子回家時(shí),凱西卻沒有。也就是在離開祖母的房子后,凱西沒有回家,失蹤了。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThenonJanuary24,someonecalledthepolicesayingheheardachildcryinginthewoods.PolicefollowedupontheinformationandfoundCaseyatabout9:30thatnight.”可知然后在1月24日,有人打電話給警察,說他聽到一個(gè)孩子在樹林里哭泣。警方跟進(jìn)了該消息,并于當(dāng)晚9點(diǎn)30分發(fā)現(xiàn)了凱西。所以是有人提供了關(guān)鍵的信息來(lái)幫助找到這個(gè)男孩。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"‘Wejustwanttotelleverybodythatwe'reverythankfulthatyoutookthetimeouttosearchforCaseyandprayedforhim,andhe'sgood,‘saidhismother.’Heisgood,heisupandtalking.He'salreadyaskedtowatchNetflix.So,he'sgood…’"可知男孩凱西的媽媽說:"我們只想告訴大家,我們非常感謝您抽出寶貴的時(shí)間去搜尋凱西并為他祈禱,他的狀況很好。""他很好,他在說話。他已經(jīng)被要求觀看Netflix。所以,他很好……",從媽媽的話中可知她很感激大家的幫助,她說這些話的目的就是為了向救援人員表達(dá)自己的感激。同時(shí)她強(qiáng)調(diào)凱西一切都好,感到很欣慰。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。本文講述了一個(gè)小男孩失蹤后被找到的事情,文中有具體的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)和各方人物,描述詳細(xì)客觀,結(jié)合最后一段中的talkedwithreportersfromalocalnewsagency可以推斷這最有可能是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Sleep,consideredaluxurybymany,isessentialforaperson'swellbeing.Researchershavefoundthatinsufficientsleepincreasesaperson'sriskofdevelopingseveremedicalconditions,suchasobesity,diabetes,andcardiovasculardiseases.Now,anewstudybyBoston'sMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.

JeffreyGrossman,wholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindthelinkbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutFitbitstothe100studentsinhisintroductiontoSolid-StateChemistryclass.Instead,theprofessorofComputationalMaterialsSciencehopedthepopularwrist-worndevicewhich,tracksaperson'sactivity24/7,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenphysicalexerciseandacademicachievement.

However,thestudy,publishedinthejournal“ScienceLearning”onOctober1,2019,discoveredasurprisinginsight.Thenwasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandhis/hergradeonthe11quizzes,threemidterms,andthefinalexamadministeredduringthesemester.

Evenmoreinteresting,itwasalsonotsufficientforstudentstojustheadtobedearlythenightbeforeatest.Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.

Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedintheearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.“Whenyougotobedmatters.Grossmansays.Ifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.”（1）Whatisthenewfindingaboutsleep?A.It'sessentialforaperson'shealth.B.Sleepinglessmaycauseobesity.C.Sleepingtoomuchisdangerous.D.Amplesleepleadstobettergrades.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Fitbits"inparagraph2referto?A.Wearabledevices.B.Questionnaires.C.Fitnessequipment.D.Smartphones.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefinalresultthenewstudy?A.Doubtful.B.Predictable.C.Disappointing.D.Unexpected.（4）Whatwillbenefitstudents'studyaccordingtoGrossman?A.Sleepingfor5hourseachday.B.Headingtobedat3a.meveryday.C.Gettingenoughsleepwhilelearning.D.Goingtobedearlyonlybeforeatest.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項(xiàng)新研究表明，睡眠質(zhì)量不足除了對(duì)身體健康造成不良影響之外，也會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)產(chǎn)生影響。好的睡眠質(zhì)量是提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Now,anewstudybyBoston'sMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.”現(xiàn)在，波士頓麻省理工學(xué)院的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，充足的睡眠也是提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵，可知關(guān)于睡眠的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是充足的睡眠會(huì)帶來(lái)更好的成績(jī)。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Instead,theprofessorofComputationalMaterialsSciencehopedthepopularwrist-worndevicewhichtracksaperson'sactivity24/7,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenphysicalexerciseandacademicachievement.”可知相反，這位計(jì)算材料科學(xué)的教授希望這個(gè)流行的腕帶設(shè)備能夠顯示出體育鍛煉和學(xué)術(shù)成就之間的聯(lián)系?？芍狥itbits指的是一種可以穿戴的設(shè)備。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“However,thestudy,publishedinthejournal“ScienceLearning”onOctober1,2019,discoveredasurprisinginsight.”然而，發(fā)表在2019年10月1日《科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)》雜志上的這項(xiàng)研究卻有一個(gè)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中surprising“令人驚奇的”可推知這項(xiàng)新研究的最終結(jié)果是讓人意想不到的。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.”相反，最重要的是你在學(xué)習(xí)期間的睡眠；以及最后一段中的“Whenyougotobedmatters.Grossmansays.Ifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.”什么時(shí)候睡覺很重要。Grossman說。如果你在2點(diǎn)以后睡覺，即使你睡了7個(gè)小時(shí)，你的表現(xiàn)也會(huì)開始下降。所以，數(shù)量并不是一切，可知Grossman認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)睡眠充足將有利于學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。

5．閱讀理解

DaniellaWridewasbrushingherdaughter'slongbrownhairwhenshenoticedthatwitheachcomb,massesofthehairwerecomingout.ThatwasJanuary1,2017.Within20days,seven-year-oldGianessaWride'shairwascompletelygone,andherdoctorsaidthehairwouldnevergrowback.Gianessahadbecomeoneofthe6.8millionAmericanswithalopecia,anauto-immunediseasethatcauseshairloss.

Alopeciaisn'tpainful,butforkidswhosufferfromit,theseverepaincomesfromstandingoutfromthecrowd.Forthemostpart,thestudentsinGianessa'sfirst-gradeclassinSalem,Utah,wereunderstanding.Buttheoccasionaljokesof"Baldy"(禿子)madeherfeellikeanabandonedchild."Ididn'twanthertofeelthatshewasn'tliketheotherkids,"hermothersaid."Itriedcoveringherbaldness,buttheartificialhairwasuncomfortable."

Thencomestheschool'straditional"CrazyHairDay"inApril,agreatjust-for-funcelebrationwhereallthekidsandtheirparentscanexpresstheirwildsidesabit.DaniellaandGianessadecidedthatratherthanhideGianessa'sbaldnessundertheartificialhair,theywouldcelebrateit.Daniellaboughtscrapbook-sticker(貼紙)jewelsanddecoratedherheadwithflowereddesignsandevenadeer."Theyjustfitherpersonality,"Daniellasmiled."She'ssolovely."

Onthemorningofthecompetition,Gianessawasnervous.Wouldherfriendsthinkitwasfunny?However,withhermother'sencouragement,shehadnothingtofear.ImpressiveGianessawasahitandawinnerofthecrazy-haircompetition.Gianessaisnowgladthatshedaredtogobare."IwassadatfirstwhenIlostallmyhair,"shetoldpeople."ButnowIlovebeingbald.Icandothingstomyheadthatotherkidscan't.I'mthinkingnowitmightbefuntodecoratemyheadwithsomecolourfulbutterfliesandflowers."（1）WhywasGianessadifferentfromotherkids?A.Shewasbornbald.B.Shesufferedfromhairloss.C.Shewastalentedinhairdesigning.D.Shehadherheadfullyshaved.（2）HowdidothersreacttoGianessa'sdisease?A.Herdoctorwasquiteoptimistic.B.Hermothergaveherartificialhair.C.Herclassmateswereallconsiderate.D.Herschoolofferedherspecialhelp.（3）WhatcouldGianessadoonthe"CrazyHairDay"?A.Shecouldteaseothers.B.Shecoulddecorateherhair.C.Shecouldshopscrapbook-stickers.D.Shecouldshowherpersonality.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thegirlfacedherdiseaseinamostbeautifulway.B.Theartificialhairbuiltupthegirl'sconfidence.C.Thecompetitionservedasawaytomakeachange.D.Thediseasewascuredwithmother'sloveandcare.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，一個(gè)七歲的女孩GianessaWride得了一種疾病，掉光了頭發(fā)還不可能再重新長(zhǎng)出來(lái)，但是她終于在家人和同學(xué)們的幫助下，勇敢地展現(xiàn)她的個(gè)性，愉快地生活。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Within20days,seven-year-oldGianessaWride'shairwascompletelygone,andherdoctorsaidthehairwouldnevergrowback.”不到20天，7歲的GianessaWride的頭發(fā)就完全脫落了，醫(yī)生說她的頭發(fā)再也長(zhǎng)不出來(lái)了，可知，GianessaWride和其他孩子不一樣，因?yàn)樗馐苊摪l(fā)之苦。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itriedcoveringherbaldness,buttheartificialhairwasuncomfortable.”我試著蓋住她的禿頂，但人造的頭發(fā)不舒服)可知，她媽媽給Gianessa戴了假發(fā)。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ButnowIlovebeingbald.Icandothingstomyheadthatotherkidscan't.I'mthinkingnowitmightbefuntodecoratemyheadwithsomecolourfulbutterfliesandflowers.”但現(xiàn)在我喜歡禿頂。我可以做其他孩子做不到的事情。我在想用彩蝶和鮮花來(lái)裝飾我的頭可能會(huì)很有趣，可知，Gianessa在“瘋狂發(fā)型日”能夠正視自己，展現(xiàn)她的個(gè)性。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ButnowIlovebeingbald.Icandothingstomyheadthatotherkidscan't.I'mthinkingnowitmightbefuntodecoratemyheadwithsomecolourfulbutterfliesandflowers.”但現(xiàn)在我喜歡禿頂。我可以做其他孩子做不到的事情。我在想用彩蝶和鮮花來(lái)裝飾我的頭可能會(huì)很有趣，結(jié)合主要內(nèi)容為記敘一個(gè)七歲的女孩得了一種疾病，掉光了頭發(fā)還不可能再重新長(zhǎng)出來(lái)，但是她終于在家人和同學(xué)們的幫助下，展現(xiàn)她的個(gè)性，愉快地生活。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

KyleCassidyandthreeothermembersoftheAnnenbergRunningGroupwerestretchingonthegroundsoftheUniversityofPennsylvania,waitingforafewlatecomers.ThePenncolleaguesandothercommunitymembersmeetthreedaysaweekforaroughly30-minutejogandanoccasionallecture.That'sright―duringsomeruns,oneofthemdeliversatalk.TopicsrangefromthebraintoBitcoin.

ButonthisdaylastJanuary,itwouldnotbetheirnormalrun.Thefirstcluethatsomethingwasoffwasthemanwhosprintedpastthem."Runningatanamazingpace,"CassidytoldRunner'sWorldadmiringly.Cassidydiscoveredwhythesprinterwassofleetoffootwhenanothermanranby,yelling,"Help!Hetookmyphoneandlaptop!"

Atthat,thegroupdidwhatrunningclubsdo:Theyran,trailingthesuspectdownthestreetsofPhiladelphiauntilheduckedintoaconstructionsite.Therunnerssplitup.Cassidyranaroundtothefarsideofthesitetocutthethiefoffwhiletheotherswanderedtheneighborhoodhopinghehaddumpedtheloot(贓物)inabackyard.

Noluck.Sotheydecidedtoaskresidentswhetherthey'dseentheguy.Whentheyknockedonthedoorofonerowhouse,theywereinforasurprise.Unknowntothem,hehadalreadyemergedfromtheconstructionsite—andwashidingbehindabushbythatveryhouse.Astheowneropenedthedoor,thesuspectdartedoutfrombehindthebush...andrightintothearmsofcampuspolice,who'djoinedthechaseshortlybehindtherunners.

Themembersofthisrunninggrouparenothard-coreathletes.Buttheydounderstandthebenefitofalittleexercise.''Runningistypicallyauselesssportwhereyouturnfatcellsintoheat,"CassidytoldThePhiladelphiaInquirer."Butoccasionallyitcanbeuseful,andherewasoneofthoseopportunities."（1）Whydothegroupmembersgathertogether?A.Todosomestretching.B.Tohavearegularrun.C.Todeliveralecture.D.Tocoversometopics.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sprinted"inParagraph2probablymean?A.Dashed.B.Pushed.C.Jumped.D.Escaped.（3）Wecaninferthatthesuccessofthechaseismainlydueto____.A.theassistanceoftherunnersB.theowneroftherowhouseC.thecampuspoliceonpatrolD.thejointeffortsofthepeople（4）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCassidy?A.Athleticandgenerous.B.Courageousandambitious.C.Helpfulandhumorous.D.Thoughtfulanddemanding.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了跑步俱樂部成員和校園警察等眾人合力將搶了別人電話和筆記本電腦的嫌犯抓獲的故事。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThePenncolleaguesandothercommunitymembersmeetthreedaysaweekforaroughly30-minutejogandanoccasionallecture.”賓州大學(xué)的同事和其他社區(qū)成員每周集結(jié)三天，進(jìn)行大約30分鐘的慢跑，可知，小組成員聚在一起是為了進(jìn)行常規(guī)的跑步，故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“"Runningatanamazingpace,"”可知，這個(gè)人跑的速度非?？欤瑧?yīng)該是從他們的身邊疾馳而過，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“猛沖”，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Atthat,thegroupdidwhatrunningclubsdo:Theyran,trailingthesuspectdownthestreetsofPhiladelphiauntilheduckedintoaconstructionsite.”及第四段中的“Astheowneropenedthedoor,thesuspectdartedoutfrombehindthebush...andrightintothearmsofcampuspolice,who'djoinedthechaseshortlybehindtherunners.”等細(xì)節(jié)描寫可知，眾人（跑步俱樂部成員和校園警察等）合力將搶了別人電話和筆記本電腦的嫌犯抓獲，故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Cassidyranaroundtothefarsideofthesitetocutthethiefoff”可知，劫案發(fā)生后，卡西迪馬上投入到對(duì)嫌犯的追捕之中，這說明他樂于助人；再根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Runningistypicallyauselesssportwhereyouturnfatcellsintoheat,’CassidytoldThePhiladelphiaInquirer.‘Butoccasionallyitcanbeuseful,andherewasoneofthoseopportunities.’”卡西迪對(duì)記者說“跑步通常是一項(xiàng)無(wú)用的運(yùn)動(dòng)，你可以將脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為熱量，但偶爾也會(huì)有用，這就是其中一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)”，這是一種詼諧的說法，說明他很幽默，可知，卡西迪既樂于助人又有幽默感，故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Whileyourpetfishmayappeartobeunawareofyourpresence,chancesarethatitknowsyouextremelywellandcanprobablyevenidentifyyoufromacrowdofhumanfaces!

Totestifthiswasaccurate,somescientistsdecidedtostudyarcherfish（噴水魚）.Theseanimalsdon'thaveasophisticated（復(fù)雜的）brainthatisnecessarytorecognizetheslightdifferencesbetweenhumanfacialfeatures.

Theybeganbypresentingfourarcherfishwithimagesoftwohumanfaces.Initially,thefishspitatboth.However,theysoonlearnedspittingwaterattheoneselectedbytheresearchersearnedthemafoodtreat.Afterthat,theyfocusedprimarilyonthatimage.Theresearchersthentooktheexperimentonestepfurtherbyintroducing44otherhumanfacestothemix.

Totheresearcher'sastonishment,thetrainedarcherfishwereabletorecallthelearnedimagealmost81%ofthetime.Andthisaccuracyimprovedto86%whentheresearchersmadetheidentificationevenharder,byreplacingthecoloredphotoswithasetofblackandwhiteimagesandhidingtheshapeofthehead.

Theresultsofthestudysuggestthatthoughhavingtinybrains,archerfishmayhavedevelopedhighvisualdiscriminationabilities.Whileitiscontrarytotheprevioustheorythatasophisticatedbrainisnecessarytorecognizehumanfaces,theresearchersbelievetheydonotrecognizefacesbyrecallingcomplexfacialinformationlikegenderandidentity,butmorelikelybydiscriminatingbetweendetailed

patterns.Evenso,thefactthatthesearcherfishcould“remember”thosefacesdemonstratesthattheyhaveanimpressivememoryfordetailsthatlastsmuchlongerthantheoriginally-thought3seconds!

Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaverealizedhow“smart”fishare.Previousstudieshaveshownthatfishcanrecognizethosefishtheyhave“socialized”withpreviously,andevenrecallcomplexthree-dimensionalmapsoftheirsurroundings.（1）Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?A.

Todescribearcherfishareeasytoteach.

B.

Totellpeoplearcherfishliketoberewarded.C.

Toprovearcherfishcanrecognizehumanfaces.

D.

Toshowarcherfishcaneasilydevelopahabit.（2）Whydidtheresearchersuseblackandwhiteimages?A.

Theycouldgettheseimageseasily.

B.

Archerfishgottiredofcolorimages.C.

Theywantedtomakethetaskmoredifficult.

D.

Theseimageswouldn'tgetruinedbywater.（3）Whatconclusiondidresearchersdrawinthestudy?A.

Archerfishhavea3-secondmemory.

B.

Archerfishcoulddistinguishdetailedpatterns.C.

Archerfishhaveaspecialformofcommunication.

D.

Archerfishcouldremembercomplexfacialinformation.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.

Fisharesocialanimals.

B.

Fishareascleverashumans.C.

Fishareabletotelldifferentshapes.

D.

Theresultsshockedtheresearchers.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家對(duì)噴水魚做的實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明魚也很“聰明”，它們沒有復(fù)雜的大腦但是卻有辨認(rèn)面孔的能力。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段做的“Whileyourpetfishmayappeartobeunawareofyourpresence,chancesarethatitkn