【英語】完形填空和閱讀理解知識點總結(jié)經(jīng)典1一、完形填空1．閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出一個最佳選項。

WhenIwasayoungboy,myfavoritethingwasatoygun.SometimesIwouldshootbullets（發(fā)射子彈）forpractice.Oneday,Iwalkedintothe1

withmygun.I2

aJohnWaynemoviewherehepreferredshootingthegunwithonehand.AsIwas3

whathedid,Iheardapop.Ihadn't4

thebulletswhenIpracticedshootingthedaybefore.Iwatchednervouslyasthebulletpartedthehairofmydadwhowas5

onthesofa.Oneandahalfincheslower,itwouldhaveshothiminthehead.Mydadwokeupandsawwhathappened.He6

tookmytoygun,walkedoutandbrokeitonthestone.Iwouldn'thaveanothertoygunforalongtime7

thatandwhenIdid,Irefusedtoputbulletsinit.

8

troubledmemost,though,wasseeingtheangerinmydad'seyes.Ihidinmyroomfortherestofthedaynot9

tofacehim.I10

thathedidn'tlovemeanylonger.Atdinnertimehewalkedintotheroomandputhishandonmyhead."It'sOK,Joey,"hesaid,"Iforgiveyou.Nowcomeandeat."Ifeltso11

atthatmoment.Ifeltlovedonceagain.

Intheyearsthatfollowed,I12

mydadmorethanonce.Iwasa13

learnerandsufferedalot.Icriedandstruggled（掙扎）,14

Ialwaysfeltloved.NomatterhowbadlyIdid,myfatherlovedmeandnever15.Hewasalwayshelpingmetobecomebetterandkinder.1.A.classroomB.houseC.storeD.theatre2.A.expectedB.choseC.rememberedD.showed3.A.copyingB.imaginingC.askingD.watching4.A.addedB.cleanedC.boughtD.prepared5.A.sleepingB.workingC.laughingD.reading6.A.secretlyB.angrilyC.calmlyD.simply7.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.by8.A.WhileB.WhenC.HowD.What9.A.needingB.daringC.caringD.agreeing10.A.heardB.fearedC.acceptedD.meant11.A.strongB.happyC.hungryD.safe12.A.thankedB.avoidedC.hatedD.upset13.A.slowB.luckyC.carefulD.strict14.A.andB.orC.butD.so15.A.cheeredupB.gaveupC.caughtupD.warmedup【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）B；（5）A；（6）B；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）B；（11）B；（12）D；（13）A；（14）C；（15）D；【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文作者講述了小時候用自己最喜歡的槍練習(xí)發(fā)射子彈時，子彈射到爸爸的頭發(fā)上，爸爸很生氣，把槍摔了。作者不敢面對爸爸，但后來爸爸原諒了他。在過去的幾年里，無論作者做的多么糟，爸爸仍然愛他幫助他變得更好更善良。（1）句意：一天，我?guī)е鴺屪叩椒孔永?。A.classroom教室；B.house房子；C：store商店；D.theatre戲院。根據(jù)onthesofa.在沙發(fā)上，可知走進房屋里。故選B。（2）句意：我想起一部約翰·韋恩的電影，他更喜歡用單手射擊。A.expected期望；B.chose選擇；C.remembered記得；D.showed展示。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是記起來，故選C。（3）句意：我模仿他做的時候。A.copying模仿；B.imagining想像；C.asking問；D.watching觀看。根據(jù)whathedid可知是模仿，故選A。（4）句意：當(dāng)我前天練習(xí)射擊時，我沒有清理完子彈。A.added增加；B.cleaned清理；C.bought買；D.prepared準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)thebulletpartedthehairofmydad子彈把爸爸的頭發(fā)射開，可知是清理，故選B。（5）句意：我緊張地觀看當(dāng)子彈把睡著在沙發(fā)上的爸爸的頭發(fā)射開。A.sleeping睡覺；B.working工作；C.laughing大笑；D.reading讀。根據(jù)Mydadwokeup我的爸爸醒來，可知睡著，故選A。（6）句意：他生氣地拿著我的槍，走出去并且把它摔在石頭上。A.secretly秘密地；B.angrily生氣地；C.calmly平靜地；D.simply簡單地。根據(jù)walkedoutandbrokeitonthestone.可知是生氣地，故選B。（7）句意：那以后，長時間我沒有槍。A.before在......以前；B.until直到；C.after在......以后；D.by到......為止。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是在那以后，故選C。（8）句意：我最困擾的然而是看到爸爸眼里的怒氣。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子缺少主語，疑問代詞what在句中做主語，故選D。（9）句意：那天剩余的時間，我躲在房間里，不敢面對爸爸。A.needing需要；B.daring敢；C.caring介意；D.agreeing同意。根據(jù)wasseeingtheangerinmydad'seyes.看見爸爸眼里的怒氣?？芍桓?，故選B。（10）句意：我害怕他不在愛我了。A.heard聽到；B.feared害怕；C.accepted接受；D.meant意思。根據(jù)爸爸生氣，可知應(yīng)該是害怕，故選B。（11）句意：那時我感到很高興。A.strong強壯的；B.happy高興的；C.hungry饑餓的；D.safe安全的。根據(jù)Iforgiveyou.Nowcomeandeat可知爸爸原諒他，應(yīng)該是高興，故選B。（12）句意：在隨后的幾年里，我不只一次是爸爸生氣。A.thanked感謝；B.avoided避免；C.hated恨；D.upset使生氣。根據(jù)NomatterhowbadlyIdid,可知是使生氣，故選D。（13）句意：我是一個反應(yīng)慢的人并且受了很多苦。A.slow慢的；B.lucky幸運的；C.careful細心的；D.strict嚴格的。根據(jù)sufferedalot可知是慢的，故選A。（14）句意：但是我總是被關(guān)愛。A.and和，表并列；B.or或者，表選擇；C.but但是，表轉(zhuǎn)折；D.so所以，表結(jié)果。根據(jù)NomatterhowbadlyIdid.可知不管做多糟糕?？偸潜魂P(guān)愛，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。（15）句意：我的父親愛我是自然的。A.cheeredup使振作起來；B.gaveup放棄；C.caughtup抓?。籇.warmedup熱身。根據(jù)常理父母對子女的愛是自然的，不需要準(zhǔn)備熱身，故選D?！军c評】完型填空，考查詞匯在語篇在中的運用能力。答題首先要跳過空格，通讀文章掌握大意，然后細讀文章字斟句酌作答，注意考慮句型句法搭配，語境等因素，最后通讀一遍檢查驗證。2．完形填空

GlobalwarmingmeansthetemperatureoftheEarthisgettinghigherandhigher.IftheEarthgets1,someofthefollowingthingscouldhappen:

Thesealevelcould2

becauseofthemeltingofseaice.

Manyanimalsthatliveontheicemight3

out.

Therecouldbemorefloods（洪水）,4

neartheseaandrivers.

Someplantsandanimalsmightdiebecausetheycannotliveinhigh5.

Globalwarmingisavery6

problemnow.Thereissomethingwecandotohelptoslowitdown.

Scientistshavebeenstudyingglobalwarmingforyears.Theyhavefoundthatsomethingsthatpeopledoineverydaylifemakemuchgasthat7

globalwarming.Onebigcauseofthisistheburningofoil,gasandcoalforenergyforourcarsandhomes.Thisgivesofftoomuchgreenhousegas.Wecandosomethingtocut8

ontheamountofgreenhousegas.

⒈Wecanreallyhelpbyusinglessenergyinlife,andlessgasinourfamilycars.Weshouldturnoffthe9

andturndownotherelectricalequipment.Weshouldwalkmoreandusecarsless.

⒉10

cantakeinsomeofthegreenhousegas.Soweshouldplantmoretrees.1.A.biggerB.olderC.hotterD.slower2.A.riseB.fallC.remainD.quit3.A.goB.dieC.letD.put4.A.especiallyB.luckilyC.continuallyD.nearly5.A.talentB.tentC.topD.temperature6.A.easyB.naturalC.seriousD.nervous7.A.stopsB.causesC.preventsD.affects8.A.offB.intoC.outD.down9.A.doorsB.lightsC.invitationsD.roads10.A.GrassesB.FlowersC.ForestsD.Animals【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）B；（4）A；（5）D；（6）C；（7）B；（8）D；（9）B；（10）C；【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介紹了全球變暖會造成的一些后果以及對于全球變暖我們可以做的事。

（1）句意：如果地球變得更熱，可能會發(fā)生以下一些事情。A更大的；B更老的；C更熱的；D更慢的。由thetemperatureoftheEarthisgettinghigherandhigher可知此處表示如果地球變得越來越熱，故選C。（2）句意：由于海冰融化，海平面可能上升。A升起；B跌落；C保持；D退出。由themeltingofseaice可知海平面會上升，故選A。（3）句意：許多生活在冰上的動物可能會滅絕。A出去；B滅絕；C釋放；D撲滅。由theEarthgetshotter可知此處表示許多住在冰上的動物會滅絕，故選B。（4）句意：可能會有更多的洪水，尤其是在靠近海洋和河流的地方。A特別是；B幸運地；C持續(xù)地；D幾乎。根據(jù)語句Therecouldbemorefloods可知此處表示可能會有更多的洪災(zāi)，特別是在海洋和河流附近，故選A。（5）句意：一些動植物可能會因為無法在高溫下生存而死亡。A天賦；B帳篷；C頂部；D溫度。由theEarthgetshotter可知此處的是因為它們不能在高溫下生存，故選D。（6）句意：全球變暖現(xiàn)在是一個非常嚴重的問題。A容易的；B自然的；C嚴格的，嚴肅的；D緊張的。由上文提到的全球變暖會導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果可知此處表示的是全球變暖現(xiàn)在是一個很嚴峻的問題，故選C。（7）句意：科學(xué)家們一直在研究全球變暖的起因。A停止；B引起；C防止；D影響。由Onebigcauseofthisistheburningofoil…可知此處表示科學(xué)家們一直在研究全球變暖的起因，故選B。（8）句意：我們可以做點什么來減少溫室氣體排放量。A切斷；B切入；C裁剪；D砍，減少。由Thisgivesofftoomuchgreenhousegas，可知此處表示我們可以做點什么來減少溫室氣體排放量，故選D。（9）句意：我們應(yīng)該關(guān)上電燈。A門；B光；C邀請；D路。由Wecanreallyhelpbyusinglessenergyinlife可知此處表示我們應(yīng)該關(guān)上電燈，故選B。（10）句意：森林可以吸收一些溫室氣體。A草；B花；C森林；D動物。由Soweshouldplantmoretrees，可知此處表示森林可以吸收一些溫室氣體，選C。【點評】考查完形填空，首先通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據(jù)上下文來判斷所缺單詞的含義，最后對選項進行區(qū)別，選出正確的那一項。3．完形填空

GrandmaSallyiseighty-sixyearsold.Shehasnosons1daughters.Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago.Butshedidn'tmoveintoanursinghome.Shewouldliketo2herselfeveryday.

Everynightshespendstwohours3kidswithmath.Allkidslivingonherstreetcangetherhelpwithoutpayment（報酬）.Shewasafamousmath4beforesheretired（退休）fromamiddleschool.

Shegetsupearlyinthemorning,thendoessports,goesshoppingorhelpscleaners5thestreet.Andshedoesthesehappily.

Whenthekidscomeforhelp,sheisalways6andtriesherbest.Peopleaskedher7.Shesaid,"Iloveit.Itmakesmehappytohelpthem."

Sheisalwayshappyeverydayandalwayssayshellotopeoplearoundher8asmile.

"I9toloveeverythingaroundme.SoI'mhappytodosomething.I'mthankfulforthosekidswhocometomeforhelp.Eachkidismy10.Iloveeachdaytohelpthem,"shesaid.1.A.andB.orC.butD.so2.A.looklikeB.lookatC.lookafterD.lookfor3.A.helpingB.workingC.studyingD.teaching4.A.teacherB.nurseC.workerD.cleaner5.A.doB.runC.sweepD.play6.A.awfulB.happyC.tiredD.boring7.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.how8.A.forB.onC.inD.with9.A.havedecidedB.decidesC.haven'tdecidedD.hate10.A.exampleB.giftC.teacherD.helper【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）A；（5）C；（6）B；（7）A；（8）D；（9）A；（10）B；【解析】【分析】本文主要講了Sally奶奶86歲，沒有子女，獨自快樂生活的故事。（1）句意：她沒有兒子和女兒。此題考查連詞，連接sons和daughters，and，和，用于肯定句中表示連接，or或者，也不，也沒有，用于否定句和疑問句中表示連接，but，但是，so，所以，根據(jù)hasno，沒有，得知此句是否定句，應(yīng)填or，表示也沒有，故選B。（2）句意：她想要每天自己照顧自己。looklike，看起來像，lookat，看，lookafter，照顧，lookfor，尋找，根據(jù)上文Butshedidn'tmoveintoanursinghome，但是她沒有搬到養(yǎng)老院，可知她想自己生活，即自己照顧自己，因此用lookafter，照顧，故選C。（3）句意：每天晚上她花費兩小時幫助孩子們學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。spendtimedoingsth，花費時間做某事，故此處應(yīng)填動詞ing形式，help，幫助，work，工作，study，學(xué)習(xí)，teach，教，helpsbwithsth，在某事上幫助某人，固定搭配，故選A。（4）句意：在從一所中學(xué)退休之前，她是一個著名的數(shù)學(xué)老師。根據(jù)beforesheretiredfromamiddleschool，在她從中學(xué)退休之前，可知之前是在中學(xué)工作，是個數(shù)學(xué)老師，teacher，老師，故選A。（5）句意：她早上早起，然后做運動，購物或者幫助清潔工清掃街道。do，做，run，跑，sweep，清掃，play，玩，此處是helpsbdosth，幫助某人做某事，根據(jù)helpscleaners，幫助清潔工，應(yīng)該是幫助他們清掃街道，因此應(yīng)是sweep，清掃，故選C。（6）句意：當(dāng)孩子們來尋求幫助時，她總是開心的并且盡全力去幫。根據(jù)下文Iloveit.Itmakesmehappytohelpthem，我喜歡這么做，幫助他們讓我開心，可知當(dāng)孩子來尋求幫助并且在她幫助他們的時候是開心的，happy，開心的，快樂的，故選B。（7）句意：人們問她為什么。根據(jù)下文Shesaid,"Iloveit.Itmakesmehappytohelpthem."她說：“我喜歡這么做，幫助他們讓我開心?！笨梢娺@是回答了一個原因，因此人們問她的應(yīng)該是原因或者為什么，why，為什么，故選A。（8）句意：她每天總是很開心，并且總是面帶微笑跟周圍的人問好。此處是說她面帶微笑跟別人問好，for，為了，on，在……上面，in，在……里面，with，帶著，withasmile，帶著微笑，故選D。（9）句意：我決定要熱愛周圍的一切。havedecided，已經(jīng)決定，現(xiàn)在完成時，decides，決定，一般現(xiàn)在時，haven'tdecided，沒有決定，現(xiàn)在完成時，hate，討厭，一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)下文SoI'mhappytodosomething，所以我很開心做一些事情，表示她決定要熱愛周圍的一切，排除C和D，現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，文中說她一直都在幫助別人，可知是之前的決定對現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時，havedecided，已經(jīng)決定，故選A。（10）句意：每個孩子都是我的禮物。example，例子，gift，禮物，teacher，老師，helper，幫手，根據(jù)上文

I'mthankfulforthosekidswhocometomeforhelp，我感激那些來找我?guī)兔Φ暮⒆觽?，可知此處把孩子比作禮物最能體現(xiàn)她對孩子們的感激和喜愛，故選B?！军c評】考查完形填空，注意通讀文章，根據(jù)上下文來理解文意，選出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項。4．根據(jù)短文理解,從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇最佳答案填空。

ChiLiisoneofthebestknownChinesewritersintheWest.Shewasborninthewest.Shewasborninthel950s.Attheageof19.Chientereda

1collegein1976.Aftershegraduated.She

2asadoctoratahospitalinWuhan.Assheloved

3muchmore,shewenttoWuhanUniversitytostudyChineselanguageandliteraturein1983.Shechose

4asherprofession（專業(yè)）.

Duringthe1980s,Chiwrotemanyworksfulloflove.Inthe1990s,herworks,suchasApartFromLoveandTheSunWas,Born.wereaboutlivesofyoungpeopleandeverydayproblems.Since2003,Chihas

5ahigherlevelinherworks.Andmanyofhernovelshavereceiveda

6honor.LifeShowisoneofherrepresentative（代表）

7andithasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.The

8showsthereallifeofacommonwomaninWuhan.

Chisays,“Writersdon'tneedtobeanyone,buttheyshouldbe

9tounderstandeveryone.”Sosheoften

10alonetogetafeelofhowtheworldisandtriestounderstandpeoplefromallsocialstrata（階層）.1.A.medical

B.musical

C.language2.A.became

B.worked

C.enjoyed3.A.medicine

B.traveling

C.literature4.A.teaching

B.writing

C.nursing5.A.reached

B.arrived

C.failed6.A.great

B.nice

C.bad7.A.movies

B.cartoonsC.works8.A.picture

B.story

C.newspaper9.A.sad

B.afraid

C.able10.A.talks

B.lives

C.travels【答案】（1）A；（2）B；（3）C；（4）B；（5）A；（6）A；（7）C；（8）B；（9）C；（10）C；【解析】【分析】本文介紹了中國著名的西部作家池莉，她的成長過程以及偉大的成就。（1）medical醫(yī)學(xué)的；musical音樂的；language語言。根據(jù)下文她畢業(yè)后在武漢一所醫(yī)院當(dāng)醫(yī)生，所以在1976年，池莉上的是醫(yī)科大學(xué)。故選A。（2）考查詞組：workas，“作為…來工作”。故選B。（3）medicine藥；traveling旅行；literature文學(xué)。由下半句她在1983年上了武漢大學(xué)的漢語言文學(xué)專業(yè)，可知她愛好文學(xué)更多。故選C。（4）考查語義銜接。由下一句“Duringthe1980s,Chiwrotemanyworksfulloflove.”可知她選擇了寫作專業(yè)。故選B.（5）句意：自從2003年，池莉的作品達到了更高的水平。根據(jù)句意，排除選項C。reach及物動詞，加地點；arrive是不及物動詞，加at/in才能跟賓語。故選A。（6）句意：她的很多小說獲得了很多榮譽。agreathonor一個很高的榮譽。故選A（7）句意：LifeShow是她的代表作之一。movie電影；cartoons卡通片；works作品。根據(jù)上下文可知選C。（8）句意：文章里的故事展示了武漢普通婦女的生活。故選B（9）句意為：作者不需要做任何人，但是要能夠理解任何人。beabletodosth能夠做某事。故選C（10）句意：所以她經(jīng)常一個人旅行，去感受世界，了解社會各個階層的人們。talk談話；live住；travel旅行。故選C?！军c評】考查詞匯在篇章中的運用能力，做完型填空首先要跳過空格通讀文章掌握其大意，然后細讀文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考慮句型、語法、搭配、語境等因素。最后通讀一遍檢查驗證。5．完形填空

ThanksgivingDaywasnear.Thefirst-gradeteacherasked1studentstodrawapictureofsomethingthattheywerethankfulfor.Peoplecelebratedtheholiday2turkey（火雞）andothertraditionalfoodoftheseason.So,mostofherstudents'pictureswereaboutthem.

3,Peterdrewadifferentkindofpicture.Peterwasadifferentkindofboy.Healwayslookedsad.Whenaskedtodrawapictureofsomethingforwhichhewasthankful,hedreway4.Otherstudentswereallveryinterestedinthepicture.Whosehandcoulditbe?Onechildguesseditwasthehandofafarmer,becausefarmersfeed5.Anotherthoughtitwasthehandofapoliceman,becausethepolice（山）6

andcareforpeople.StillothersguesseditwasthehandofGod（上帝）...Thediscussionwentonuntiltheteacheralmost7theyoungartist.

Duringthebreak,allchildrenranoutoftheclassroomexceptPeter.

TheteachercametoPeter's8

,bent（彎腰）down,andaskedhimwhosehanditwas.Thelittleboy9andsaidinalowvoice,"It'syours,teacher.

Sherememberedthetimesshetookhishandandwalkedwithhimhereandthere.She10said,"Takemyhand,Peter.Let'sgooutside.Letmeshowyouhowtouseyourpencil."Peterwasverygratefultohisteacher.1.A.hisB.herC.ourD.my2.A.atB.inC.forD.with3.A.AnywayB.ThenC.HoweverD.Maybe4.A.headB.farmerC.handD.policeman5.A.sheepB.cowsC.pigsD.turkeys6.A.adviseB.protectC.catchD.call7.A.encouragedB.noticedC.forgotD.found8.A.deskB.classroomC.houseD.school9.A.wokeupB.warmedupC.lookedupD.hurriedup10.A.stillB.evenC.oftenD.never【答案】（1）B；（2）D；（3）C；（4）C；（5）D；（6）B；（7）C；（8）A；（9）C；（10）C；【解析】【分析】主要講了感恩節(jié)來臨前，老師讓學(xué)生畫一些感恩的東西，Peter畫了一張不同的圖片——手，經(jīng)過同學(xué)們的猜測，老師最終詢問Peter是誰的手，Peter說是老師的手。（1）句意：一年級的老師讓她的學(xué)生畫一張他們感恩的東西的圖片。A.他的；B.她的；C.我們的；D.我的。根據(jù)后文she可知老師是女性，所以用her她的，故選B。（2）句意：人們用火雞和這個季節(jié)的其他傳統(tǒng)食物慶祝這個節(jié)日。A.在；B.在……里面；C.為了；D.和，帶有，用。根據(jù)常識可知感恩節(jié)時人們用火雞慶祝，故選D。（3）句意：然而，Peter畫了一張不同的畫。A.無論如何；B.然后；C.然而；D.或許。根據(jù)前文可知大部分學(xué)生畫的畫是關(guān)于火雞和其他傳統(tǒng)食物的，Peter畫的畫不同，所以表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故選C。（4）句意：當(dāng)被讓到畫一張他感恩的東西時，他畫了一只手。A.頭；B.農(nóng)民；C.手；D.警察。根據(jù)后文可知畫的是手，故選C。（5）句意：因為農(nóng)民喂養(yǎng)火雞。A.綿羊；B.奶牛；C.豬；D.火雞。根據(jù)前文可知用火雞慶祝感恩節(jié)，所以農(nóng)民喂養(yǎng)的是火雞，故選D。（6）句意：因為警察保護和關(guān)心人們。A.建議；B.保護；C.捉到；D.打電話。根據(jù)常識可知警察保護人民，故選B。（7）句意：討論繼續(xù)直到老師幾乎忘記了這位年輕的藝術(shù)節(jié)。A.鼓勵；B.注意到；C.忘記；D.發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文可知學(xué)生們在猜測是誰的手，所以老師把Peter忘記了。故選C。（8）句意：老師走到Peter桌子邊，彎下腰，問他它是誰的手。A.桌子；B.教室；C.房子；D.學(xué)校。老師走到Peter的桌子旁邊，故選A。（9）句意：這個小男孩仰視，低聲說：“它是你的，老師?！盇.醒來；B.熱身；C.仰視；D.快點。Peter抬起頭和老師說話，即仰視，故選C。（10）句意：她經(jīng)常說：“Peter，拉著我的手，讓我們?nèi)ネ饷妫屛艺故窘o你怎樣使用你的鉛筆?！盇.仍然；B.甚至；C.經(jīng)常；D.從不。根據(jù)前文可知老師經(jīng)常帶Peter出去，故選C?！军c評】考查完形填空，首先通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據(jù)上下文來判斷所缺單詞的含義，最后對選項進行區(qū)別，選出正確的那一項。二、閱讀理解6．閱讀理解

StudentsataprimaryschoolinFuzhou,EastChina'sFujianProvincewererequiredtocleantheschooltoiletstohelpthemdevelopgoodhabits.

Butsomeparentsarestronglyagainsttheidea.Theycan'tseetheadvantagesofstudentsdoingsuchchores（雜事）.Theythinkthattheschoolshouldprovidestudentswithapropereducation,notthechancetobeschoolcleaners.

Infact,parents,schoolsandsocietyplayanequally（同等地）importantroleindevelopingthecharacterofstudents.Itisgoodforschoolstogivestudentssuchtasks,becausefewofthestudentswilldothemathome.Theirparentswantthemtodohomeworkonly.Inrecentyears,someparentswillmakemountainsoutofmolehillswhenstudentsareaskedtodosomechoresinschools.Somecomplainabouttheteachersiftheirkidsgethurtinschools;someevenchallengetheschools'teachingmethodsandmanagement.Asaresult,manyprimaryschools,especiallythoseinbigcities,donotletstudentsjoininoutdooractivitiesduringbreaks,fearingthattheymightgethurt.Thisisbadforthedevelopmentofstudents'bestqualities.

WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.（1）AprimaryschoolinFuzhourequiredthestudentsto

.A.

dohomeworkonly

B.

finishhomeworkatschoolC.

cleantheplayground

D.

cleantheschooltoilets（2）Someparentsdon'tthinkthattheschoolshouldprovidestudentswith

.A.

apropereducation

B.

achancetobecleanersC.

achancetobeteachers

D.

morehousework（3）Theunderlinedphrase"makemountainsoutofmolehills"means"

".A.

愚公移山

B.

山窮水盡

C.

小題大做

D.

眉飛色舞（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？A.

Studentsshouldn'tdoanychoresinschool.B.

Parentsrequirestudentstodosomechoresinschool.C.

Someparentsthinkdoingsomechoresisharmfultostudents.D.

Doingsomechorescandevelopstudents'goodqualities.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】主要講了福州一所小學(xué)讓學(xué)生們打掃廁所來朋友學(xué)生的好習(xí)慣，對此一些父母的意見及其好處。（1）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)StudentsataprimaryschoolinFuzhou,EastChina'sFujianProvincewererequiredtocleantheschooltoiletstohelpthemdevelopgoodhabits可知福州一所小學(xué)讓學(xué)生們打掃廁所來朋友學(xué)生的好習(xí)慣，故選D。（2）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Theythinkthattheschoolshouldprovidestudentswithapropereducation,notthechancetobeschoolcleaners.可知一些父母認為不應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生成為學(xué)習(xí)清潔工，故選B。（3）推斷題。根據(jù)后句Somecomplainabouttheteachersiftheirkidsgethurtinschools;someevenchallengetheschools'teachingmethodsandmanagement.一些家長抱怨老師是否孩子在學(xué)校受傷，甚至挑戰(zhàn)老師的教學(xué)方法和管理，所以一些家長容易小題大做，故選C。（4）主旨題，根據(jù)Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.可知做家務(wù)可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的責(zé)任心、團隊精神、讓學(xué)生的在校經(jīng)歷更有意義，故選D。【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種?？碱}型，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。7．閱讀理解

FormorethansixmillionAmericanchildren,cominghomeafterschoolmeanscomingtoanemptyhouse.SomedealwiththesituationbywatchingTV.Somemayhide.Butallofthemhavesomethingincommon.Theyspendpartofeachdayalone.Theyarecalled"latchkeychildren".They'rechildrenwholookafterthemselveswhiletheirparentsareworking.Andtheirbadconditionhasbecomeasubjectofconcern.LynetteLongwasoncetheheadmistressofanelementaryschool.Shesaid,"Wehadaschoolruleagainstwearingjewellery.Alotofkidshadchainsaroundtheirneckswithkeysfastened.Iwasconstantlytellingthemtoputtheminsidetheirshirts.Thereweresomanykeys.Itnevercametomymindwhattheymeant,"Slowly,shelearnedtheywerehousekeys.

Sheandherhusbandbegantalkingtothechildrenwhohadthem.Theylearnedoftheimpact（影響）workingcouplesandsingleparentswerehavingontheirchildren.Fearisthebiggestproblemfacedbychildrenathomealone.OneineachthreelatchkeychildrentheLongstalkedtoreportedbeingscared.Manyhadnightmaresandwereworriedabouttheirownsafety.

Themostcommonwaylatchkeychildrendealwiththeirfearsisbyhiding.Itmightbeinashowerstall,underabed,orinacloset.ThesecondisTV.They'lloftenplayitathighvolume.It'shardtogetstatistics（統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)）onlatchkeychildren,theLongslearned.Mostparentsareslowtoadmittheyleavetheirchildrenalone.（1）Themainideaaboutlatchkeychildrenisthatthey_________________.A.

aregrowinginnumbers

B.

sufferproblemsfrombeingleftaloneC.

watchtoomuchTVduringtheday

D.

arealsofoundinmiddleclassneighbourhoods（2）Whichsentenceinthesecondparagraphisthetopicsentence?A.

Wehadaschoolruleagainstwearingjewellery.B.

Alotofkidshadchainsaroundtheirneckswithkeysfastened.C.

Slowly,shelearnedtheywerehousekeys.D.

Iwasconstantlytellingthemtoputtheminsidetheirshirts.（3）hemainfeelingthesechildrenhavewhentheyareathomebythemselvesis_________________.A.

tiredness

B.

freedom

C.

loneliness

D.

fear（4）TheLongs'studywasmainlyon_________________.A.

lonelychildrenwhohavesingleparentsB.

childrenwhoseparentsareworkingorwhohaveoneparentonlyC.

childrenwhohavetheproblemoffearD.

parentswhoareworkingfarfromtheirhomes（5）Wemaydrawaconclusion（結(jié)論）that_________________.A.

it'sdifficulttofindouthowmanylatchkeychildrenthereareB.

latchkeychildrentrytohidetheirfeelingsC.

latchkeychildrenoftenwatchTVwiththeirparentsD.

latchkeychildrenenjoyhavingsuchalargeamountoftimealone【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）A【解析】【分析】本文介紹了美國一些“鑰匙兒童”的生活情況這一社會問題。（1）推理題。根據(jù)theirbadconditionhasbecomeasubjectofconcern他們的糟糕狀況已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的話題可知，關(guān)于鑰匙兒童的主要觀點是他們獨自一人會有問題，故選B。（2）主旨題。根據(jù)

Slowly,shelearnedtheywerehousekeys可知，慢慢地，她了解到它們是房子的鑰匙是第二段的主題句子，故選C。（3）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)

Fearisthebiggestproblemfacedbychildrenathomealone可知，這些孩子獨自在家時的主要感覺是害怕，故選D。（4）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Theylearnedoftheimpact（影響）workingcouplesandsingleparentswerehavingontheirchildren可知，主要研究父母在工作或只有一個父母的孩子，故選B。（5）推理題。根據(jù)It'shardtogetstatistics（統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)）onlatchkeychildren可知，結(jié)論是很難查出有多少掛鑰匙的孩子，故選A。【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題，主旨題，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息，主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。8．閱讀理解

Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyouareindifferentcountries,youshouldfollowtheircustoms.

InChina,it'simpolitetotalkwheneatingdinner.Andyou'renotsupposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.VeryoftenpeoplewhotraveltotheUnitedStatesforgettotip（付小費）.Itisusualtotipwaiters,taxidriversandporterswhohelpcarryyourbags.Waitersexpecttogeta15%tiponthecostofyourmeal.Taxidriversexpectaboutthesameamount.

InEngland,makesuretostandinlineevenifthereareonlytwoofyou.It'simportanttorespect（尊重）linesthere.It'sagoodideatotalkabouttheweather.It'safavoritesubjectofconversationwiththeBritish.

InSpain（西班牙）,it'sagoodideatohavealightmealintheafternoonifsomeoneinvitesyoufordinner.Peoplehavedinnerverylate,andrestaurantsdonotgenerallyopenuntilafter9:00p.m.

InSaudiArabia（沙特阿拉伯）,menkissoneanotheronthecheek.Yourhostmaywelcomeyouwithakissonbothcheeks.Itispoliteofyoutodothesame.

InJapan,peopleusuallygivepersonalorbusinesscardstoeachotherwhentheymeetforthefirsttime.Whenapersongivesyouacard,don'tputitintoyourpocket（口袋）assoonasyougetit.Thepersonexpectsyoutoreadit.

Don'tforgettobecarefulaboutyourbodylanguagetoexpresssomethinginconversations.Akindofbodylanguagethatisacceptableinoneculturemaybeimpoliteinanother.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"porters"meaninChinese？A.

搬運工

B.

水電工

C.

建筑工

D.

環(huán)衛(wèi)工（2）IfyoutraveltotheUS,andyouspend$200onataxirideand$320onameal,youaresupposedtotipintotal.A.

$520

B.

$78

C.

$156

D.

$60（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A.

YouareexpectedtokissyourhostonthecheekinJapan.B.

Generally,restaurantsdon'tofferdinnerafter9:00p.m.inSpain.C.

It'simpolitetoeatfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetableinChina.D.

Youdon'tneedtostandinlineiftherearetwopeoplewaitingforabusinEngland.（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？A.

Wheretotravel.B.

Howtotipindifferentcountries.C.

Whentousebodylanguage.D.

Customsindifferentcountries.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文介紹不同的國家有不同的習(xí)俗。當(dāng)你在不同的國家時，你應(yīng)該遵循他們的習(xí)俗。（1）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)whohelpcarryyourbags幫你搬東西的人可知，porters是搬運工的意思，故選A。（2）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)服務(wù)員希望得到15%的餐費小費。出租車司機期望大約相同的數(shù)額服務(wù)員希望得到15%的餐費小費。出租車司機期望大約相同的數(shù)額可知，如果你去美國旅行，坐出租車花200美元，吃飯花320美元，你應(yīng)該總共付小費是（200+320）*20%=78美元，故選B。（3）推理題。根據(jù)you'renotsupposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable如果餐桌上有老年人，你不應(yīng)該先吃飯可知，如果中國的餐桌上有老年人，先吃飯是不禮貌的正確，故選C。（4）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)本文介紹不同的國家有不同的習(xí)俗。當(dāng)你在不同的國家時，你應(yīng)該遵循他們的習(xí)俗可知，文章主要講述不同國家的風(fēng)俗，故選D?！军c評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題，詞義猜測題和主旨題四種?？碱}型，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息，詞義猜測題需要根據(jù)上下文提煉相關(guān)信息鎖定詞意，主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。9．閱讀理解

Inyourschool,areyouallowedtochoosethesubjectsyouwanttolearn?Ofcourse,theansweris"No"hereinChina.

InAmericathereisaschooltryingsomethingnew.AtahighschoolinFlorida,studentswillbeabletochoosetheirownclasses.Weallknowthatsomestudentsarebetteratsomesubjectsthanothers.Somestudentsplantogoontocollege,whileothersdonot.Atthisschoolstudentsareabletofindsubjectstheyareinterestedin,andpossiblyevenfindthefield（領(lǐng)域）theywouldliketogointoafterfinishingschool.Theyareallowedtochooseasubjectlikebiology,math,aforeignlanguage,orstudyskillslikecarrepair（修理）.

Somepeoplethinkthisisagoodidea,becauseithelpsstudentsthinkaboutwhattheywanttodointhefuture,andtheschoolhelpstogivethemtheknowledgeandskillsneededtogetthere.Theysaythatgivingthestudentsthechancetochoosetheirownclassesmakeshighschoolmoreinteresting.Othersdisagree.Theythinkitwillmakeitdifficultforstudentstodiscoverdifferentpossibilities（潛力）.Theypointoutthatfourteen-year-oldteenagersaretooyoungtoknowwhattheywanttodointhefuture.

Whatdoyouthink?Wouldyouliketobeabletochooseyourownclasses?Manyusefulchangeshavebeenmadeineducation,butseeingthedifferencesineachstudentisalsoimportant.Howcanwehelpeachstudentbecomeabetterstudent?（1）Somepeoplethinkallowingstudentstochoosetheirownclasseshelpsthem_________.A.

showhowsmarttheyareB.

knowdifferencesbetweenthemC.

preparefortheirfuturesD.

knowtheirdutiesinlife（2）Somepeopledon'tagreestudentsshouldchoosetheirownclassesbecausetheythink_________.A.

somestudentsaretoonervoustomakearightdecisionB.

somestudentsshouldn'tbeworkersinthefutu