01動詞的分類02助動詞的用法1.助動詞的定義協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞的詞叫助動詞。與被協(xié)助的主要動詞構(gòu)成時態(tài)，語態(tài)、疑問句、否定句和加強語氣等。助動詞是語法功能詞，本身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，它沒有對應(yīng)的漢語意思。2.助動詞的作用助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功能，可以用來構(gòu)成時態(tài)、語態(tài)，構(gòu)成疑問句，加強語氣，構(gòu)成否定句。ShehaslivedinBeijingfortenyears.她在北京住了十年了。Theletterwaswrittenbymyfather.這封信是我父親寫的。Wheredidyougoyesterday?你昨天去哪兒了？He

did

apologizeforhismistake.他確實為錯誤道了歉。Hedoesnotlikespicyfood.他不喜歡辣的食物。3.助動詞be（am,is,are,was,were）的用法助動詞be+現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)；助動詞be+過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)；助動詞be+動詞不定式，表示根據(jù)安排要發(fā)生的事情。Iwascookingdinnerwhenthephonerang.電話響時我正在做晚飯。Theproblemwassolvedbytheteamyesterday.問題昨天被團隊解決了。Theprojectistobepletedbytheendofthemonth.項目須在月底前完成。4.助動詞have(has,had)的用法have+過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)；have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進行時；have+動詞不定式，表示因客觀環(huán)境而不得不做的事情。HehadstudiedEnglishbeforemovingtotheUS.他去美國前就已經(jīng)學(xué)過英語了。Hehasbeenworkingonthisbooksincelastyear.他從去年開始一直在寫這本書。Theyhadtowalkhomebecausethelastbushadleft.末班車走了，他們不得不走路回家。5.助動詞do(does,did)的用法助動詞do(does,did)可以協(xié)助構(gòu)成一般疑問句、否定句、倒裝句、代動詞。Didtheyfinishtheprojectbeforethedeadline?他們在截止日前完成項目了嗎？Idon’twanttoeatfastfoodtonight.我今晚不想吃快餐。Seldomdoeshegotobedbeforemidnight.他很少在午夜前睡覺。Hedidn’tfinishthetask,butshedid.他沒完成任務(wù)，但她完成了。6.助動詞shall/will的用法shall構(gòu)成一般將來時，should構(gòu)成過去將來時，用于第一人稱，后接動詞原形；will構(gòu)成一般將來時，would構(gòu)成過去將來時，用于第二、三人稱，后接動詞原形。Weshallstartthejourneyatdawntomorrow.我們明天黎明將啟程。Shewillperformonstageattheconcerttonight.她今晚將在音樂會上登臺表演。Theybelievedshewouldwinthepetitioneasily.他們相信她會輕松贏得比賽。03情態(tài)動詞用法請參考專題19情態(tài)動詞（知識清單）（全國通用）2026年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】請結(jié)合語境給出下列高考真題劃線合成形容詞的漢語。1．IlockthedooryesterdayafternoonwhenIlefttheoffice;butitisstillopen.2．Notonlyhespeakcorrectly,buthealsospeakseasily.3．NotuntilthenherealizetheimportanceofstudyingEnglish.4．Howlongyousupposeitissincehearrivedandbegantoworkhere?5．Nosoonerhearrivedatthestationthanhisfriendleftbytrain.01及物動詞用法及物動詞后必須跟賓語（可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞等），否則句子不完整。1.動詞+賓語Ilikethisbookverymuch.我非常喜歡這本書。2.動詞+賓語+賓補WecallthebirdPolly.我們叫那只鳥波莉。Isawthechildrenplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看見這些孩子們在公園玩。注意:帶省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。3.動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Pleasepassmethesalt.請把鹽遞給我。常見帶雙賓語的動詞有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read等。4.be+過去分詞Thisbridgewasbuiltbytheworkersin2010.這座橋是工人們在2010年建造的。02不及物動詞用法1.不及物動詞自身意思完整,無需接賓語，也不能用于被動語態(tài)。Theyswaminthelakeeverysummerwhenyoung.他們年輕時每年夏天都在湖里游泳。2.有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。Sherunsasmallcafénearthepark.她在公園附近經(jīng)營一家小咖啡館。Herunsfivekilometerseverymorning.他每天早上跑五公里。3.不及物動詞與介詞、副詞連用構(gòu)成動詞短語。Wewaitedforthetrainatthestationforhours.我們在車站等火車等了好幾個小時。Theoldcarbrokedownonthewaytowork.那輛舊車在上班路上拋錨了。Theyranoutoffuelinthemiddleofthedesert.他們在沙漠中耗盡了燃料。03延續(xù)性動詞用法延續(xù)性動詞表示動作是可持續(xù)的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。Youcankeepthebookfortwoweeks.你可以借用這本書兩周。WehavelivedinChinasince2001.自從2001年以來,我們一直住在中國。04非延續(xù)性動詞用法1.非延續(xù)性動詞又叫瞬間動詞，不能與表示時間段的狀語連用，只能與表示時間點的狀語，如yesterday搭配，強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的瞬間。如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,e,catch等。Hejoinedthearmyin2020.他2020年參軍了。Iborrowedthisbookfromthelibraryyesterday.我昨天從圖書館借了這本書。2.非延續(xù)性動詞不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如果和表示一段時間的狀語連用,就要用其他詞代替。1.

leave→beaway離開;2.

borrow→keep借;3.

buy→have買;4.

begin→be

on開始/上演;5.

die→bedead去世;6.

finish→beover結(jié)束/完成;7.

join→bein…參加；8.marry→be

married結(jié)婚；9.

fallill→beill生病；10.

getup→beup起床；11.

loseone'swork→beoutof

work失業(yè)；12.

ehere→behere來這里；13.

gothere→bethere去那里；14.

bee→be成為；15.

eback→beback回來；16.

fallasleep→be

asleep睡著；17.

wakeup→be

awake醒；18.

leave→beaway

from離開；19.

gettoknow→know認識；20.

puton→wear穿上；Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreemonths.我買這本詞典已經(jīng)三個月了。Ihavekeptthemagazinefortwoweeks.我借這本雜志已經(jīng)兩個星期了。Hurryup!Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.趕快！電影已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了。Hehasbeenupforanhour,buthasn’twashedhisfaceyet.他起床有一小時了，但還沒有洗臉?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Don’tworry.Ican(defence)myselffrommyenemies.2．BeingexposedtoEnglishfrequently(able)ustohaveagoodknowledgeofthislanguage.3．Thisincidenthas(sharp)publicawarenessoftheeconomiccrisis.4．Don’tputyourpricestoohighoryou’ll(fright)thecustomersaway.5．A“hattrick”(occur)infootballwhenaplayerscoresthreegoalsinasinglegame.6．Mynewbedroom(measure)15ftby12ft,whichisbigenoughforme.7．Iofferedtogivethemalift,butthey(decline).8．Canadaisacountry(consist)ofmanynationalities.9．ThebookswhichwerewrittenbyZhouMeisen,afamouswriterinJiangsu,(sell)well.10.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.01易混動詞短語lookupvslookthroughlookup：強調(diào)主動查閱資料或抬頭看；lookthrough：側(cè)重快速瀏覽或仔細檢查Sheopenedthedictionarytolookupthepronunciationof"phenomenon".Helookedthroughthecontractcarefullybeforesigningit.takeoffvsputontakeoff：脫下衣物或飛機起飛（動作方向是"移除"）；puton：穿上或假裝（動作方向是"添加"）It'shotinside;youcantakeoffyourjacket.Sheputonabravesmileeventhoughshefeltnervous.getovervsgothroughgetover：克服困難或從疾病中恢復(fù)；gothrough：經(jīng)歷過程或詳細檢查（強調(diào)持續(xù)性）Ittookhermonthstogetoverthelossofherpet.Hewentthroughallthedocumentstofindtheerror.findoutvslookforfindout：通過調(diào)查/詢問發(fā)現(xiàn)真相；lookfor：單純表示尋找的動作（結(jié)果未知）Theytriedtofindoutwhobrokethewindow.She'slookingforherkeyseverywhere.giveupvsgiveingiveup：主動放棄某項活動或習(xí)慣；givein：屈服于壓力或要求（含被動意味）Nevergiveuplearning,evenwhenit'schallenging.Thegovernmentrefusedtogiveintotheprotesters'demands.turnupvsturndownturnup：調(diào)高音量或意外出現(xiàn)；turndown：調(diào)低音量或拒絕提議CouldyouturnuptheTV?Ican'thearthedialogue.Hehadtoturndownthejobofferduetofamilyreasons.breakdownvsbreakintobreakdown：機器故障、情緒崩潰或分解；breakinto：強行闖入或突然開始（動作需接具體對象）Thecarbrokedownonthehighway,causingatrafficjam.Theaudiencebrokeintoapplausewhenthesingerappeared.carryonvscarryoutcarryon：繼續(xù)進行（強調(diào)持續(xù)性）；carryout：執(zhí)行計劃/任務(wù)或完成實驗（側(cè)重結(jié)果實現(xiàn)）Despitethenoise,theteachercarriedonwithherlesson.Scientistswillcarryoutastudyonclimatechangenextmonth.runoutofvsrunoutrunoutof：主動耗盡某物（主語為人，后接賓語）；runout：某物被動耗盡（主語為物，不帶賓語）Weranoutofmilk,soIwenttothesupermarket.Timeisrunningout;weneedtofinishthetestquickly.pickupvspickoutpickup：撿起、偶然學(xué)會或接送某人；pickout：精心挑選或辨認出Childrenpickuplanguagesmuchfasterthanadults.Canyoupickoutthemainideaofthisparagraph?handinvshandouthandin：提交作業(yè)/報告（指向權(quán)威方遞交）；handout：分發(fā)材料或分配任務(wù)（指向多人發(fā)放）StudentsmusthandintheiressaysbyFriday.Volunteershandedoutmaskstopeopleinthesubway.setoffvssetupsetoff：出發(fā)旅行或觸發(fā)警報/反應(yīng)；setup：建立組織或布置設(shè)備（側(cè)重建造/準備）Theysetoffforthemountainsatdawn.Thegovernmentplanstosetupmorelibrariesinruralareas.takeaftervstakeintakeafter：外貌或性格像長輩（基因關(guān)聯(lián)）；takein：理解信息或收留（隱含"吸收"含義）Tomtakesafterhisfather;theybothhavethesamesenseofhumor.Thelecturewastoofast;Icouldn'ttakeinallthedetails.cutdownvscutoffcutdown：主動減少數(shù)量（如砍樹/降低消費）；cutoff：強制中斷（通訊/供給）或隔絕空間Weshouldcutdownplasticusetoprotecttheenvironment.Thefloodcutoffthevillagefromtheoutsideworld.eacrossvseupwitheacross：偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)或偶然遇見（無計劃性）；eupwith：主動提出想法/解決方案（需動腦）Shecameacrossanoldphotowhilecleaningtheattic.Canyoueupwithabettertitleforthisessay?putoffvsputupwithputoff：推遲或使人反感（含雙重含義）；putupwith：忍耐令人不悅的事物（長期性）Don'tputoffyourhomeworkuntilthelastminute.Nooneshouldputupwithunfairtreatment.makeupvsmakeoutmakeup：編造故事/補考或組成比例；makeout：勉強看清/聽清或理解復(fù)雜內(nèi)容Fairytalesareoftenmadeuptoteachmorallessons.Ican'tmakeoutwhatthesignsaysfromthisdistance.holdonvsholdbackholdon：堅持?。ɡщy中）或電話中稍等；holdback：抑制情感或阻止發(fā)展（含"壓制"意味）Holdon!Therescueteamwillarriveintenminutes.Shecouldn'tholdbackherlaughterduringtheseriousmeeting.keeponvskeepupkeepon：反復(fù)/持續(xù)做某事（后接動名詞）；keepup：維持水平/速度或跟上節(jié)奏（強調(diào)"不落后"）Thebabykeptoncryinguntilhermotherhuggedher.TokeepupwithAItechnology,hereadstechnewsdaily.bringupvsbringinbringup：提出議題或撫養(yǎng)孩子（主動引導(dǎo)話題或生命）；bringin：引入新事物或賺取收入Theteacherbroughtuptheimportanceoftimemanagement.Thenewpolicywillbringinmoreforeigntourists.fallbehindvsfalloverfallbehind：進度落后（學(xué)習(xí)/比賽等抽象概念）；fallover：物理摔倒或被絆倒（具體動作）Ifyoumissclasses,you'llfallbehindinyourstudies.Theboyfelloverastonewhilerunning.passawayvspassoutpassaway：委婉表達去世（正式用語）；passout：昏厥或分發(fā)物品（根據(jù)語境變化）Thescientistpassedawaypeacefullyattheageof9Somerunnerspassedoutduetotheextremeheat.goonvsgoovergoon：持續(xù)進行（中性描述）或發(fā)生（隱含突發(fā)性）；goover：仔細檢查或復(fù)習(xí)（含“反復(fù)確認”意味）Themeetingwentonforthreehourswithoutabreak.Letmegoovertheinstructionsagaintoavoidmistakes.putasidevsputawayputaside：暫時擱置（問題）或存錢（抽象/具體均可）；putaway：收納物品或存錢（口語化）Theydecidedtoputasidetheirdifferencesandworktogether.Afterdinner,childrenhelpedputawaythedishes.calloffvscallforcalloff：取消計劃（主動終止）；callfor：需要/要求（強調(diào)必要性）Theconcertwascalledoffduetoheavyrain.Thisprojectcallsforteamworkandcreativity.breakupvsbreakoutbreakup：關(guān)系結(jié)束或打碎成小塊；breakout：突然爆發(fā)（戰(zhàn)爭/疾?。┗蛱用揟heglassbrokeupintotinypieceswhenitfell.Afirebrokeoutinthefactorylastnight.giveoffvsgiveawaygiveoff：釋放氣體/氣味（自然散發(fā)，無主觀意圖）；giveaway：泄露秘密或免費贈送Theflowersgiveoffasweetfragranceintheevening.Hisaccentgaveawayhishometownimmediately.putforwardvsputdownputforward：提出建議/理論；putdown：寫下Einsteinputforwardthetheoryofrelativity.Neverputdownotherstomakeyourselflookbetter.bringaboutvsbringbackbringabout：導(dǎo)致重大變化；bringback：歸還物品或喚起回憶TheinventionoftheInternetbroughtaboutamunicationrevolution.Thissongbringsbackmemoriesofmychildhood.turnoutvsturnoverturnout：結(jié)果是（出乎意料）或生產(chǎn)；turnover：翻轉(zhuǎn)物體或移交責(zé)任Itturnedoutthatthemissingwalletwasinherbagallalong.Thechefturnedoverthepancakecarefully.runintovsrunacrossruninto：偶然遇見或遭遇問題；runacross：快速穿過或偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)Iranintomymathteacheratthesupermarketyesterday.Sheranacrossthefieldtocatchthebus.02動詞+介詞/副詞1.breakbreakawayfrom放棄,打破;脫離關(guān)系breakdown

發(fā)生故障;(計劃等)失敗;(精神、身體)垮掉;分解breakin

闖入,插嘴breakinto

闖入breakout

(戰(zhàn)爭、瘟疫等)爆發(fā),突然發(fā)生breakup

打碎,分手,關(guān)系破裂2.bringbringabout導(dǎo)致,造成,引起bringdown使倒下,使降低bringin引進;帶來;賺得bringforward

提出;提前bringout出版;生產(chǎn);使顯現(xiàn)bringup

撫養(yǎng),教育;提出;嘔吐3.callcallfor要求;需要;去取callback

回憶起callin召集;請;召來;順便來訪callup打電話給;使想起calloff

取消callon號召,拜訪4.eeabout發(fā)生eto蘇醒;總計eacross偶遇;無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)etrue

實現(xiàn),成為現(xiàn)實(不及物)eout出版;結(jié)果是eup(建議、計劃等)被提出eupwith提出(建議等)omeon(催促)快點;(鼓勵)加油5.getgetacross

解釋清楚;使……被理解getawayfrom

避免;擺脫,逃離getawaywith僥幸成功;僥幸做成getaround

四處走動;傳播開來getdownto開始認真做某事getalong/onwith進展;與……相處getover克服;恢復(fù)getridof

擺脫;除去getthrough

通過;完成;接通電話6.givegiveaway

贈送;泄露;分發(fā)giveback

歸還givein屈服;讓步;投降;認輸giveout

分發(fā);發(fā)出;公布;用盡giveup

放棄7.gogoagainst違背;不利于;反對goahead開始(做某事);接著干goaround

參觀;(消息)傳播goby過去;經(jīng)過godown下降;下沉goon繼續(xù);發(fā)生goover復(fù)習(xí),仔細檢查gothrough

經(jīng)歷;仔細檢查gowith與……相配gowithout

沒有……也行8.holdholdback猶豫;隱瞞;阻止holdon別掛斷holdout堅持;伸出holdup

舉起;阻擋,使耽擱holdonto緊緊抓住;保留;不放棄9.keepkeepawayfrom

遠離;避開keepback

隱瞞;克制(感情)keepon

繼續(xù);堅持下去keepoutof

置身……外;避開keepup

保持;繼續(xù)keepupwith

跟上keepaneyeoutfor密切注意;留心;警惕keepaneyeon照看;密切注視10.leaveleavealone

不打擾;不理,不管leavebehind

留下;丟下,丟棄leaveout遺漏,忽略11.looklookaround

環(huán)顧四周lookawayfrom把目光從……移開lookinto調(diào)查;窺視lookbackon回憶，回顧lookup查找,查詢;向上看lookupto尊敬;敬仰lookdownupon

歧視,看不起lookforwardto盼望;期待lookthrough

瀏覽;快速查看lookoutfor心,留意,小心12.makemakeuseof

利用makeup組成;編造;化妝;和解makeupfor

補償;彌補makefor

走向;有助于;促成,導(dǎo)致makesense有意義;有道理;講得通makesenseof

理解;弄明白makeout

理解;分辨出,辨認出makeit

成功13.putputaside

撇開;暫不考慮;儲蓄putaway收拾,整理;儲存putback把……放回原處putforwar提出;撥快putdown記下,寫下,鎮(zhèn)壓putout伸出;撲滅;生產(chǎn);出版putup建造,張貼;提供住宿putupwith忍受;容忍puton

穿上,增加,上演14.setsetaside劃出;留出;撥出setabout著手做某事

setout

出發(fā),動身setouttodosth.著手做某事setoff

動身;引起;使爆炸setup

建立,創(chuàng)立15.turnturnaway

走開;轉(zhuǎn)過臉去turndown拒絕;關(guān)小,調(diào)低turnup

開大;出現(xiàn),到場turnout結(jié)果是,證明是;生產(chǎn)turnover

翻轉(zhuǎn);翻閱,仔細考慮turnagainst

反對;背叛turnto

轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于16.taketakeafter

長得像某人takeapart

拆開;拆卸takeback

收回,撤銷takedown

記下;拆卸;取下takeaway

帶走,拿走,剝奪takeup從事;占據(jù)(時間、空間);接著做takein

吸收;接受;理解,欺騙takeoff

起飛;脫下;成功,takeon呈現(xiàn);具有;承擔(dān);雇用takeover接管,接收takeadvantageof利用takeiteasy放松,別緊張takeyourtime

慢慢來,別著急takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事takeaction采取行動032025高考動詞熟詞生義1.address熟義：地址；演講生義：設(shè)法解決；處理；對付Thepeoplewhoputthesignsintheiryardscreatedarealhomeownersassociationtoaddressclimatechangeintheirmunities.（2025全國一卷）Wemust

address

theproblemofairpollutionimmediately.我們必須立即處理空氣污染問題。2.strike熟義：打擊；罷工；撞擊生義：給（某人以……）印象；讓（某人）覺得“Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.”（2025全國一卷）Whatreally

struck

mewastheirenthusiasm.真正讓我印象深刻的是他們的熱情。3.account熟義：賬單；描述；敘述；報道生義：accountfor

解釋；說明“Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.”（2025全國一卷）Eventually,youwillneedto

accountfor

youractions/behavior.你終究得對自己的行為做出解釋。4.cut熟義：切；割；砍生義：削減；降低“Itookapictureofthevaseandposteditonline,for$10.Acoupleofmessagescamein,onewantingadditionalphotos,anotheraskingforapricecut.”（2025全國一卷）Hehadtoaccepta

cut

inpay.=Hehadtoacceptapay

cut.他不得不接受減薪。5.spare熟義：抽出；勻出；備用的生義：使免遭（麻煩、痛苦等）；免去“EachexchangeprovidedachancetosparethelandfillandtopleaseanotherpersonImightnototherwisehaveencountered.”（2025全國一卷）Shewas

spared

fromhavingtoansweranymorequestions.她不必回答更多的問題。6.counton熟義：指望；依靠生義：期待，指望，預(yù)料到（某事發(fā)生）...erewasjustonethingIhadn’tcountedon:...”（2025全國一卷）Thekidsare

countingon

goingtothemovies.Don'tdisappointthem!孩子們正盼著去看電影。別讓他們失望！7.forcetheissue熟義：強迫問題（字面義）生義：強行實施；強迫做決定“mybrotherdecidedtoleaveratherthanforcetheissue”（2025全國一卷）Theywouldneverhaveaddressedtheproblemifthatnewspaperarticlehadn't

forcedtheissue.若非報紙的那篇文章強行敦促，他們絕對不會著手處理這個問題。8.part熟義：部分；分開（動詞）生義：（尤指因意見不合）分手；告別Hewasunhappyoverthewaywehadparted.（2025全國一卷）Wepartedonfriendlyterms.

我們友好地分手了。9.place

熟義：v.放置；安放

n.（某）地方

生義：v.下（訂單）Thankyou.ThenIcanplacetheorder.

（2025全國二卷）謝謝。那我現(xiàn)在可以下單了。Thepanyplacedanorder(withthemanufacturer)foranadditional100units.

這家公司又（向生產(chǎn)廠家）下了100套的訂單。10.skirt

熟義：n.女裙；裙子

生義：v.繞過……的邊緣；沿著……邊緣走Skirtingthetownsquare,you’llfindlovelyshops,eateries,andtheBlackandWhiteHouseMuseum.（2025全國二卷）

繞過市政廳廣場，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)可愛的商店、餐館以及黑白屋博物館。Weskirtedaroundtheedgeofthecity.

我們沿著城邊走。11.line

熟義：n.線；隊列；隊伍

生義：v.沿……排列成行Butchershops,greengrocers,bakeries,andcheeseshopslinethetownsquare.（2025全國二卷）

肉店、蔬果店、面包店和奶酪店環(huán)繞著市政廳廣場。Studentslinedthehall,waitingtoregisterforclasses.

學(xué)生們在大廳排隊，等著注冊選課。12.flood

熟義：n.洪水；水災(zāi)

v.淹沒

生義：v.大量涌來；大量涌去Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.（2025全國二卷）

但結(jié)果卻截然相反：她忙得不可開交，僅2020年6月就發(fā)出了1200份訂單。Telephonecallscamefloodinginfromalloverthecountry.全國各地的電話像潮水般打來。13.translate

熟義：v.翻譯

生義：v.（使）改變形式；轉(zhuǎn)化Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.（2025全國二卷）

這種生產(chǎn)力同樣適用于成年人的職場。Ihopeallthehardworkwilltranslateintoprofits.

我希望所有的辛勤勞動都會有回報。14.practice

熟義：v.練習(xí)

n.練習(xí)

生義：v.（醫(yī)生、律師等）執(zhí)業(yè)，從業(yè)Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.（2025全國二卷）

醫(yī)生行醫(yī)，律師執(zhí)業(yè)，而你也應(yīng)該給自己時間去練習(xí)如何養(yǎng)護植物。Mycousinplanstopracticemedicine/law/dentistry.我的表弟打算當(dāng)醫(yī)生/律師/牙醫(yī)。15.tailor

熟義：n.（定做男裝的）裁縫

v.定做（衣服）

生義：v.專門制作（或改制）；定做Eachdishwastailormadetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.

（2025全國二卷）每道菜都是為提高人們對食物浪費的認識而量身定制的。Mosttravelagentsarepreparedtotailortravelarrangementstomeetindividualrequirements.

為了滿足個別人士需要，大多數(shù)旅行社都愿意作出專門的旅游安排。16.reject

熟義：v.拒絕相信；拒絕接受

生義：v.（因質(zhì)量差而）決定不出版，決定不發(fā)行Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallreappropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.（2025全國二卷）

羽衣甘藍莖、魚頸肉、被拒收的甘薯和黃瓜頭等食材都被重新利用，在幾位優(yōu)秀廚師的幫助下，變成了美味佳肴。Theproduceinspectorrejectedseveralcratesofberriesthathadbeguntogrowmold.

產(chǎn)品質(zhì)檢員把幾箱發(fā)霉的漿果退了回去。17.address

熟義：v.寫收信人姓名地址；致辭；演講

n.住址；寄送地址

生義：v.處理；關(guān)注Nevertheless,itservesasareminderthattherearemanywaystoaddressproblemsofsustainability,andthatyoucanmakeanamazingmealoutofalmostanything.（2025全國二卷）

盡管如此，它提醒我們，解決可持續(xù)性問題的方法有很多，你幾乎可以用任何東西做出美味佳肴。Thegovernorisaddressinghimselftotheproblemofunderfundedschools.州長正在著手解決學(xué)校資金短缺問題。18.maintain

熟義：v.維護；養(yǎng)護；保養(yǎng)；堅持；斷言；主張

生義：v.維持；保持WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.（2025全國二卷）

華盛頓大學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，55歲及以上從事志愿工作的成年人比同齡人記憶力更好，整體健康狀況維持得更久。Hehasfounditdifficulttomaintainahealthyweight.他發(fā)現(xiàn)要保持健康的體重很困難。19.workout

熟義：想出，制訂出（計劃等）；做出（決策等）；（用數(shù)學(xué)）解決；算出

生義：鍛煉；健身；做運動Determinedtoturnherlifearound,MsDonohuebegantoworkoutandfollowahealthylifestyle,beforediscoveringapassionforweightlifting.（2025全國二卷）

多諾霍女士決心改變自己的生活，開始鍛煉并遵循健康的生活方式，之后又發(fā)現(xiàn)了對舉重的熱愛。Sheworksoutatthegymtwiceaweek.她每周在健身房鍛煉兩次。20.spare

熟義：v.抽出，拿出（時間、金錢等）

adj.備用的；額外的；空余的

生義：v.使免遭；使免受；免除Thisapproachsparedmethedisfortofhavingtooverexplain.（2025全國二卷）

這種方法讓我避免了過度解釋的尷尬。Hesparedthemtheembarrassmentofapublicapology.

他使他們免遭公開道歉的尷尬。01狀態(tài)類系動詞狀態(tài)類系動詞是用來表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、身份或特征的動詞，其后通常接表語，構(gòu)成“主語+系動詞+表語”的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。最常見的狀態(tài)類系動詞是be動詞（am,is,are,was,were）。Myparentswereteachersbeforeretirement.我父母退休前是教師。Theroomwasquietexceptforasoftmusic.除了輕柔的音樂，房間里很安靜。02持續(xù)類系動詞持續(xù)系動詞表示主語持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，如remain保持，stay保持，keep保持，lie位于，stand矗立等。Hestayedcalmeveninanemergency.即使在緊急情況下，他也保持冷靜。Heremainedsilentduringthediscussion.討論中他一直保持沉默。03感官類系動詞感官系動詞表示人體感官的感受，如look看起來，seem看起來,appear好像，sound聽起來，smell聞起來，taste嘗起來，feel摸起來。Thefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.這食物吃起來味道比看上去要好。Themusicfromthepianosoundswonderfultomyears.鋼琴里傳出的音樂在我聽來很美妙。04變化類系動詞變化系動詞表示主語狀態(tài)的變化，如bee變成,get變得,turn轉(zhuǎn)變,grow變得,go變得等。Heturnedpalewhenhesawtheaccident.他看到事故后臉色變得蒼白。Thefoodwentbadbecauseoftheheat.食物因天熱變壞了。05終止類系動詞終止類系動詞中prove

和

turnout

側(cè)重“結(jié)果被證實”，表示主語的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)最終被證明為某種情況，強調(diào)“從表象到明確結(jié)果”的終止性轉(zhuǎn)變。Thenewmethodprovedeffectiveinsolvingtheproblem.這種新方法證明能有效解決問題。Thestrangerturnedoutanoldfriendfrommyhometown.這個陌生人原來是我家鄉(xiāng)的老朋友?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.1．Thewater(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.2．Thissortofroastmeatisalocalsuperfoodandit（taste）delicious.3．Ithadwhitepaintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,and（prove）extremelypopularwiththepublic.4．Theyoungmanperformedasifhe(be)awomanonthestage.5．Soabsorbed

sheintheworkthatJaneoftenforgottotakemeals.動詞和動詞短語動詞和動詞短語綜合能力提升一、單句填空從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1．（2024天津3月卷）Exerciseisnotonlygoodforourbodies,butitcanalso_________ourmoodandhelpusdealwithanxiety.A．boost B．match C．ruin D．reflect2．（2024天津6月卷）AsasymboloftheglorioushistoryofChinesecivilization,theForbiddenCity_________theculturalmemoryofthecountry.A．invents B．preserves C．a(chǎn)cquires D．declares3.(2023天津3月卷)WhenLisamovedtoanewcity,shehadahardtime________tohernewsurroundings.A．a(chǎn)dding B．a(chǎn)djusting C．a(chǎn)pplying D．a(chǎn)ttending4.(2023天津6月卷)We_________botherwithdetails,forourteammateswilldoeverythingintheirpowertohelpus.A．mustn’t B．daren’t C．needn’t D．can’t5.(2022天津卷)Ifwecontinueto________environmentalproblems,wewillregretitsoonerorlater.A.highlight B.identify C.ignore D.prevent6.（2021天津卷）Althoughafewhaveeandgone,therestaurant'sregularcustomershave________thesamefornearly40years.A.stayed B.turned C.grown D.got7.（2021天津卷）HenryDavidThoreauwashappyto________fromsociallife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessofhislife.A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit8.（2020江蘇卷）Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifweareto_____garbageinashorttime.A.clarify B.justify C.satisfy D.classify9.（2024天津3月卷）Carolinedoesn'thaveanaturaltalentformusicbutshe_________itwithhardwork.A．livesupto B．makesupfor C．reachesoutto D．looksoutfor10.（2024天津6月卷）Thenewmodelelectriccarshould_________manysafetytestsbeforeitisreleasedtothepublic.A．turnout B．bringabout C．gothrough D．setup11.(2023天津3月卷)Wearedeterminedthatourteachertrainingprogramsshould________currentdevelopmentsinthefieldofeducation.A．catchsightof B．makeroomfor C．takepridein D．keeppacewith12.(2023天津3月卷)________asmallamountofmoneyeachmonthiswidelyrecognizedasagoodhabitforpersonalfinancemanagement.A．Pickingout B．Puttingaside C．Givingaway D．Gettingback13.（2021天津卷）IwantedtomakedumplingsbutfoundIhad________flour,soIwentouttobuysome.A.madeupfor B.runoutof C.keptawayfrom D.gotdownto14.（2020天津卷）IneverworriedaboutmysonwhileIwasawaybecausemymother______him.A．drankatoastto B．playedajokeonC．keptaneyeon D．madeanapologyto15.（2019天津卷）Kateheardaman'svoiceinthebackground,butshecouldn't___________whathewassaying.A.setaside B.takeback C.makeout D.keepoff二、單句填空從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1．Theyare________waystoimproveeducationquality.A．employing B．departing C．disrupting D．seeking2．Whatmakesagoodspeakerishisorherabilitytoanaudience’sneedsandconcerns.A．exceed B．exploit C．a(chǎn)nticipate D．a(chǎn)ccumulate3．TheInternetusershavebeenwarnedtoanymessagethataskyoutosendcashorpersonalinformation,nomatterhowformaltheyare.A．a(chǎn)bandon B．enhance C．decrease D．reject4．Thekeenpetitioninonlinegameindustryforcedthefirmswithpoorperformanceto_____fromthemarket.A．convert B．withdraw C．resign D．remove5．Despitethevastknowledgethatwehave________,therearestillmanyunsolvednaturalmysteriesoutthere.A．a(chǎn)ccumulated B．a(chǎn)nticipated C．cooperated D．purchased6．Beforeabeachvisit,________asandbrushtoyourbeachbagtocleanoffbeforegettinginthecar.A．replace B．a(chǎn)ttach C．store D．dry7．ThesmallcoastaltownofQingdao,knownforitsbeautifulbeachesandrichmaritimeculture,________someofthemostspectacularcoastalsceneryinthecountry.A．claims B．displays C．boasts D．preserves8．FollowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster,spaceshuttleflightswere______fornearlythreeyearswhilethecauseofthedisasterwasinvestigated.A．exceeded B．discouraged C．suspended D．protected9．Today,architectscontinuestoexplorewaysto_______thebeautyofnaturalforms.A．recycle B．capture C．power D．channel10．BothTaoYuanmingandThoreauwerehappyto_______fromcontemporarylife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnature.A．withdraw B．a(chǎn)cknowledge C．evaluate D．recover11．Mothertriedto________thetrafficrulestoheryoungchildrenbeforetheyrodetheirbikes.A．getacross B．goagainst C．stickto D．setup12．Ifyouthinkaboutotherpeople’sfeelingsaswellasyourown,you’llsoonfindeverything_______.A．turnsout B．runsout C．worksout D．bringsout13．Susanwonfirstprizeintheendoftermexamination,which_________herparents’expectations.A．madeuseof B．livedupto C．caughtupwith D．stoodupto14．Theshipsankasaresultofkn