焦點(diǎn)05閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

2026年中考英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)（核心素養(yǎng)）題型特訓(xùn)講練

【題型解析】

一、說(shuō)明文的特點(diǎn)與結(jié)構(gòu)

說(shuō)明文是北京中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的常見(jiàn)文體，其核心目的是傳遞信息,語(yǔ)言通常簡(jiǎn)潔準(zhǔn)確,

邏輯清晰。文章結(jié)構(gòu)一般包括標(biāo)題、引言、主體和結(jié)論，主體部分會(huì)按照時(shí)間、空間或其他

邏輯順序展開(kāi)說(shuō)明。

二、近年北京中考說(shuō)明文選材主題

從近年的試卷分析來(lái)看，說(shuō)明文的選材緊密聯(lián)系時(shí)代發(fā)展，注重價(jià)值引領(lǐng)和素養(yǎng)考查

常見(jiàn)的主題包括：

科技前沿：例如介紹中國(guó)科學(xué)家在“軟體機(jī)器人學(xué)”領(lǐng)域的突破性講展，或探討人工智能算法

與人類(lèi)價(jià)值觀的關(guān)系。

社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)與傳統(tǒng)文化：例如關(guān)注食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題并提出解決方案或涉及嫦娥六號(hào)登月、高鐵發(fā)

展等展現(xiàn)國(guó)家成就的素材

生活實(shí)踐與成長(zhǎng)：例如探討“慢生活”理念，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生合理規(guī)劃時(shí)間。

三、說(shuō)明文閱讀的考查重點(diǎn)

試題注重考查學(xué)生在真實(shí)情境中理解語(yǔ)篇、獲取信息和解決問(wèn)題的能力

具體可能包括：

細(xì)節(jié)理解：定位并理解文中具體信息。

主旨大意：把握文章的核心觀點(diǎn)或主要說(shuō)明對(duì)象。

推理判斷：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯推理，理解作者的言外之意。

詞義猜測(cè)：通過(guò)上下文推則生詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：理解文章的寫(xiě)作順序、段落間的邏輯關(guān)系。

四、解題技巧建議

針對(duì)說(shuō)明文閱讀，可以掌握以下技巧

快速瀏覽，把握大意：先通讀全文，了解文章主要說(shuō)明什么。

關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞和邏輯連接詞；它們能幫助理清文章的邏輯脈絡(luò)。

分析段落中心句：通常每段的中心句會(huì)概括該段的主要內(nèi)容。

仔細(xì)審題，回文定位：根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞回到原文中尋找對(duì)應(yīng)信息，注怠選項(xiàng)與原文的細(xì)微差

別。

總結(jié)：2026年北京中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的說(shuō)明文，預(yù)計(jì)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持素養(yǎng)立意，選材會(huì)貼近

時(shí)代、貼近生活，注重考查學(xué)生的信息處理能力和思維品質(zhì)。備考時(shí)，建議多閱讀不同主題

的說(shuō)明文，熟悉其結(jié)構(gòu)，并加強(qiáng)上述閱讀技巧的訓(xùn)練。

JAMfSWITTSTEAMENCINflRIIIC

Doyouknowsomegreatinventorsandtheirinventions?Whatfactors（因素）areneeded

for（heirsuccess?

Well,goodtimingforastart.Youcanhaveagreatideawhichthepublicsimplydoesn't

want...yet.TheItalianGiovanniCaselliinventedthefirstfax（傳真）machineinthe1860s.

Althoughthequalityisexcellent,hisinventionquicklydiedacommercial（商業(yè)的）death.Ilwas

notuntilthe1980sthatthefaxbecameverycommonineveryoffice...toolateforGiovanni

Caselli.

Moneyalsohelps.TheFrenchmanDenisPapin（1647-1712）hadtheideaforasteam

engine（蒸汽機(jī)）almostahundredyearsbeforethebetter-rememberedScotsmanJaniesWattwas

evenborn...butheneverhadenoughmoneytobuildone.

Youalsoneedtobepatient（ittookscientistsnearlyeightyyearstodevelopalightbulb

whichactuallyworked）,butnottoopatient.Inthe1870s,ElishaGray,aprofessionalinventor

fiumCliiuagu,developedplansforalulcpliunc.Graysawilasnumurethan“abuaulifiilluy”.

However,whenhefinallysentdetailsofhisinventiontothePatentOffice（專(zhuān)利局）inFebruary,

1876,itwastoolate.Almostthesameinventionhadarrivedtwohoursearlier...andtheyoung

manwhosentit,AlexanderGrahamBell,willalwaysberememberedastheinventorofthe

telephone.

Ofcoursewhatyoureallyneedisagreatidea,butifyouhaven'tgotone,awalkinthe

countryandacarefullookatnaturecanhelp.IheSwissscientist,GeorgedeMestrakhadtheidea

forVelcro（魔術(shù)貼）whenhefoundhisclothescoveredinstickyseedpodsafterawalkinthe

country.Duringasimilarwalkin（heFrenchcountrysidesome250yearsearlier.ReneAntoine

FerchaultdeReaumurhadtheideathatpapercouldbemadefromwoodwhenhefoundan

abandoned（廢棄的）wasps'nest（蜂巢）.

Youalsoneedgoodcommercialsense.WillyHiginbothamwasascientistdoingnuclear（核

能的）researchintheBrookhavenNationalLaboratory（實(shí)驗(yàn)室）inUpton,USA.In1958the

publicwereinvitedtoanexhibitionintheLaboratorytoseetheirwork,butbothparentsand

childrenweremoreinterestedinatiny120cmscreenwithawhiledotwhichcouldbehitback

andforthovera“net”usingabutton（按鈕）andaknob（旋鈕）.Soonhundredsofpeoplewere

ignoring（忽視）theotherexhibitstoplaythefirstevercomputergamemadefromasimple

laboratoryinstrumentcalledan“oscilloscope”Higinbotham,however,nevermademoneyfrom

hisinvention,hethoughtpeoplewereonlyinterestedinthegamebecausetheotherexhibitswere

soboring!

1.WhydidthewriterusetheexampleofGiovanniCasclli?

A.lbshowhowfaxmachinesbecamecommoninthe1980s.

B.Toexplainhowthequalityofaninventioncanbeimproved.

C.Toarguethatcommercialsuccessistheonlygoalfbrinventors.

D.Toprovethatgoodtimingisimportantfbraninvention,ssuccess.

2.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?

A.ElishaGraymissedthechancetobetheinventorofthetelephone.

B.GeorgedeMestralgottheideafromawalkinaFrenchcountryside.

C.DenisPapinsucceededinbuildingasteamengineahundredyearsago.

D.WillyHiginbothammademoneyfromhisinventionof（hefirstcomputergame.

3.WhatisthebesttitlefurIliepassage?

A.Howtogetagreatideafromnature.B.Howtobeasuccessfulinventor.

C.Howtohavegoodcommercialsense.D.Howtomakemoneyfrominventions.

B

WhenIwrite,knowingsomeonewillreadit,somethingchanges.Havingreadersforcesme

tothinkharderaboutwhatI'mtryingtosay.Ihafstheaudienceetlectatplay.Ihepresenceof

otherschangeswhatwechoosetodoandwhowechoosetobe.andwebecomedifferentpeople

whenweknowwe'rebeingwatched.

Ourbrainsevolved（進(jìn)化）tocaredeeplyaboutsocialstanding.Whenwesensewe'rebeing

observed,ourneural（神經(jīng)的）networkschangeinto44perfbmiancemode.^^Inourbrains,theareas

connectedwithinnerdrivequietdownwhileareasprocessingsocialfeedback（反饋）lightup.

Thisneurologicalchangeexplainswhyanaudiencechangesourdecision-making.

Onceyouknowabouttheaudienceeffect,you'llnoticehowitplaysouteverywhere.In

creativework,forexample,anaudiencecangiveyouthefocusyouneedtoturnideasintogreat

work.Butitcanalsopushyoutojust“beaverage^^topleaseothers—insteadofbeingtruly

creative.Similareffectsappearincareerdecisions.Worryingaboutouraudience,evenifthat

audienceisjustyourparents,canmakeyouchoosepaths（小路）thatlookimpressiveonthe

outsidebutdonotbringrealsatisfaction.

Theaudienceeffectishardtodealwithbecauseoffeedback.Whenwereceivepraiseor

likesforaudience-focusedchoices,weslowlystarttovaluewhatpleasesothersmorethanwhat

pleasesourselves.Overtime,weforgetwhatwewantedbeforewestartedperformingforothers.

However,youcan'teliminate（消除）theinfluenceofhavinganaudience,andyouactually

wouldn'twantto.Infact,itcanbeusefulifwelearnhowtomanageit.Onewayistobecareful

aboutwhoseopinionswecareabout.Insteadoftryingtopleaseeveryone,weshouldfocuscnthe

peoplewhoseopinionsactuallymatter.Anotherwayistokeepbothaudience-focusedand

audience-freecreativespaces.Shareyourprogress,butalsoworkonprojectsnoonewillsee.

Whenyoumakeachoice—likewhattowrite,share,orstudy—stopandaskyourself:"Am

Idoingthisfbrme,orjusttopleaseothers?”Whenyourecognizetheaudienceeffect,youcanuse

ittogainfocusandenergywithoutlosingyourtrueself.

1.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabuul?

A.Thereasonfortheaudienceeffect.B.Thedownsidesoftheaudienceeffect.

C.Theexamplesoftheaudienceeffect.D.Theimportanceoftheaudienceeffect.

2.Whichofthefollowingsituationsbestshowstheaudienceeffect?

A.Sharingphotosonlinetorecordlife.

B.Jogginginthepark:oenjoythefreshair.

C.PlayinghardinthegamebecauseofothersJcheers.

D.Preparingthespeechcarefullytounderstanditbetter.

3.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toexplainwhypeoplecaresomuchaboutsocialstanding.

B.Toshowthattheaudienceeffectisharmfulandshouldbeavoided.

C.Togiveexamplesofhowtheaudienceeffectinfluencesourdailylife.

D.Toremindreaderstomanagetheaudienceeffectwithoutlosingtheirtrueselves.

C

Whilemanypeopleseechoresasnecessarypains,therearescience-basedreasonsto

changeyourthoughtsaboutchores.Itturnsoutthatdoingchoresisnotalwaysinthewaysthat

youmightthink.

Asresearchersstatehereinastudy,doingtaskswhichdon'tneedalotofeffortallowsthe

mindtofloataroundwherei（will.Yourmindgetsabreakandallowsyoutoconsiderold

problemswithneweyes.Infact,effortlesstaskscreatemoregreatideasthandifficulttasksorjust

resting.So,doingchorescanleadtocreativeproblem-solving.

Choresareexercisesnacksfbrhealth.Thephrase“exercisesnacks^^referstosmall,even

tiny,piecesofphysicalactivity,suchasstandingforafewirinutesaftersittingfbrawhile.Taking

atwominutewalk,ordoingachorelikesweepingupthekitchen.Researchershavestudiedthe

effectsofexercisesnacksranging（范隹I）from30seconds,likewalkingupaflightofstairs,to10

minutes,likewashingdishes.Someofthehealtheffectsincludeimprovedmemory,reducedrisk

ofsomeseriousdiseases,andlongerlife.

Choresarerelatedtoourmental（心理的）health.Completingchoresincreases（增長(zhǎng)）your

senseofself-efficacy,knownasaperson'sbeliefthattheyhavetheabilityandskillstoreachtheir

goals.Sclf-clTicacy,whichwasfirstdevelopedbyProlcssorAlbertBandurainllic1970s,liasbeen

showntoincreaseconfidence,lowsclf-cfficacyisconnectedwithworries,sadnessand

hopelessness,whilehigherself-efficacyisconnectedwithlifesatisfaction,self-confidence,social

connectionandgrowthmindset.

Doingchorescanreducestress.AsmallstudyfromFloridaStateUniversityexplored

whetherthechoreofdishwashingcouldreducestress.Usingagroupof51students,they

discoveredthatdishwasherswhowereaskedtobemindfulwhenwashingdishesfocusingonthe

smellofthesoap,thewannthof（hewater,andthefeelofthedishes—reportedadecreasein

nervousnessby27percentandanincreaseinmentalinspiraiionby25percent.Choresthatreduce

themesscanalsoreducestress.

Soifyou'vebeenthinkingaboutcleaningoutthatjunkdrawer,doit.You'llreceivemore.

1.AccordingtoParagraph2,thewritermayagreethatwecanbydoingchores.

A.getlesssocialB.liveabetterlife

C.becomemoreinventiveD.changewaysofexercise

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Weneedtoeatsnacksaftersweepingupthekitchen.

B.Wecangetasenseofachievementbydoingchores.

C.Usingthesoapwhenwashingdishesincreasesefficacy.

D.Doingchoreseverydaydecreasesthecreativethinking.

3.What'sthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.lbexplainwhymostpeoplehatedoingchoresandofferwaystomakechoreslesstiring.

B.Tointroducethescience-supportedadvantagesofdoingchoresandencouragepeopletodo

chores.

C.Toprovethatdoingchoreslikewashingdishesisthebestwaytoreducestressandimprove

creativity.

D.Toteachreadershowtousedifferentchorestoincreaseself-efficacyandachievelife

satisfaction.

D

Doyourememberwhereyouwerewhenyouheardaboutatrafficaccidentinvolvinga

uluscfriend?Tlicanswerisprobablyyes.Doyourcnicinbcrwlialyouweredoingonyour

birthdaythatyear?Youmayhavetothinkalittleharder.

Peoplerememberbadmemoriesmoreeasilyandingreaterdetailthangoodones.Whyis

that?Anewstudyfoundthatpeopledothisbecauseofevolutionary（進(jìn)化的）reasons.

ElizabethKensingerandherpartnersatBostonCollege,US,didastudylookingatthis.

Theyfound（hatnegative（消極的）feelingslikefearandsadnesscauseanincreaseinbrain

activity.Ihisactivityhappensinthepartofthebrainthatcontrolsmemories.Somemoriescaused

bynegativefeelingsarekeptingreaterdetailthanotherkindsofmemories.Forexample,after

seeingamanonastreetholdingaknife,peopleremembertheknifeclearly,buttheyforgetthe

detailsofthestreet.

AccordingtoKensinger,itiseasytounderstandthisfromanevolutionarypointofview.

Shesaidthatpeoplepayattentiontodangerousinformationsotheycanusethatinformationto

guidetheiractionsandsavetheirlives.Theycanalsouseittoplanforsimilareventsinthefuture.

Thescientistssaymerestudiesareneededonhowwerememberbadmemories.Thislineof

researchcouldhelpsolvestressdisorders.

Inshort,thereasonvzerememberbadthingsmorefinnlyandclearlyisactuallya"survival

skill“passeddowntousbyourancestors.Ourbrainspayextraattentiontodangerousinforiration

tohelpusavoidharmandsurvivebetter.However,therearestillmanydetailsbehindthiswaiting

forscientiststodiscover.Now.whenyouthinkofthebadthingsthatleftadeepimpressiononyou.

doyouunderstandwhyyourbrain“makesapointtoremember"them?

1.Goodmemoriesarcrememberedthanbadones.

A.longerB.lessoftenC.moreeasilyD.moreindetail

2.Whenagirlbreaksintotears,.

A.herbrainactivitywillincreaseB.sheprcbablyhasastressdisorder

C.shecancontrolhermemorieswellD.herbrainactivitywillbekeptingreatdetail

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.BrainactivitycontrolsmemoriesB.Howwerememberbadmemories

C.BadmemoriesarceasiertorememberD.Badmemoriescancausestressdisorders

值真題再現(xiàn)

A

（2025?北京?中考真題）

Imaginearobot.Whatcomestoyourmindfirst?Amachinestrongerthanthehumanbody?

However,thissamequalityisnowcausingabigproblem—it'screatingtonsoflong-lasting

e-wastethatcouldfloodourplanet.Whatif,instead,（hemachinesweuseweredesignedtobreak

downanddisappear-justaslivingthingsdo?

horastudypublishedinScienceAdvances,researchersmadearoboticarmandacontroller

usingmaterialsfromanimalsandplants.Thesematerialsarestrongenoughtoworkbutcaneasily

breakdowninanaturalenvironment.Aftertesting,bothpartsweregoneinsoilwithinweeks.

Biodegradable（可生物降解的）roboticsoftenfallsundertheumbrellaofsoftrobotics,

whichtakesideasfromnature."Thisfieldstartedinmaterialsscienceandchemistryratherthan

traditionalrobotsthatcomefrommechanical（機(jī)械的）engineering.**saysFlorianHartmann,a

materialsscientistfromGermany.However,manyearlysoftroboticsmodelsstillusedman-made

materialsthatcausepollulicn.

Wei,ascientistwhostudiesnaturalmaterialsinHangzhou,workedtogelherwithhisfriend

Zhang,aroboticsengineerinShanghai,tobuildrobotsforthenewstudy.Theystartedwith

cellulose（纖維素）takenfromcotton.Then,theyaddedglycerol（甘油）lomakeanewmaterial

thatissoftandeasytochangeshapes.Afterthattheyallowedittodrysoitbecamestrong,

“Celluloseischeapandeasytoworkwith.^^saysWei.Theyfoundthatthecontrollerandthe

roboticarmstooduptobothheavyuseandaweekofinactivity.Finally,theyburied（埋）them

bothinahole.Withineighlweeksthesetwopartswerealmostcompletelygone.

WeiandZhangexpectthatrobotslikethesecanbeused（odealwithdangerouswasteand

thendisappearnaturally.Theyalsohopethatsuchrobotscanaiddoctorsinoperationsandthen

safelybreakdowninsidethebody.

However,it'simportanttonotethatthetechnologyisstillinveryearlystages."Ifwetruly

wanttohaveabiodegradablerobot,“Hartmannsays,“wealsoneedtomakesureitselectronics

andpowerpartsarebiodegradable.”

1.WhatisspecialabouttheroboticarmandthecontrollerinParagraph2?

A.Theyaregreen.B.Theyarehard.C.Theyareintelligent.D.Theyareaffordable.

2.WhatismentionedinParagraph5aboutsoftrobots?

A.Tliciiupcialiuii.B.Tliciiappliualiuiib.C.Tliciidiallcugcs.D.Thciipcifuimaiiuc.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Softrobotsarewidelyusedtocleanupe-waste.

B.Softrobotshavetorestforaweekafterheavyuse.

C.Thedesigningofsoftrobotsborrowsideasfromnature.

D.Mechanicalengineeringoffersnewways（orunsoftrobots.

B

（2024.北京?中考真題）

SamHillisreallybadatfindinghiswayfromplacetoplace.Theworldisfullofpeople

likeHill—andtheiropposites,whoalwaysseemtoknowexactlywheretheyarcandhowtoget

wheretheywanttogo.Ithasprovedhardtoexplainwhy.However,withthedevelopmentof

technology,there'snewexcitementhappeningintheresearchworld.

Anexperimentwascarriedoutin2022lofindoutwhatmightinfluencewayfindingability.

Researchersdevelopedanonlinegameinwhichplayers（ravelbyboattofindwherealotof

checkpointslie.Thegameaskedplayerstoprovidebasicbackgroundinformation,andnearly

fourmillionpeopleworldwidedidso.Throughthegame,theresearcherswereabletojudge

navigational（辨識(shí)方向的）abilitybylookingathowfareachpersontraveledtoreachallthe

checkpoints.Thentheycorr.parcdplayers'performancewiththeirbackgroundinformation.

TheresearchersfoundthatNorthernEuropeansseemedtobebetternavigations,perhaps

becausetheyloveorienteering（定向越野），asportwhichinvolvescross-countryrunningand

navigation.Andthosefromcitieswithmoredisorganizedstreetnetworks（網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)）didbetter

thanthosefromcitieswithorderlyones.Perhapspeopleofplannedcitiesdon'tneedtobuild

complex（復(fù)雜的）mapsiniheirminds.

Researchresultslikethesesuggestthatpeople'slifeexperiencedecideshowwelltheyfind

theirway.Infact,experiencemayevenexplainapopularbeliefthatmenaremorelikelyto

performbetterthanwomen.Itturnsoutthatthisdifferenceismoreaquestionofcultureand

experiencethanofinbornability.NorthernEuropeans,forexample,showalmostnogender（性別）

differenceinnavigation.However,mendomuchbetterthanwomeninplaceswherewomenface

culturallimitsonexploringtheirenvironmentontheirown.

ThalfindingisalsosupportedbystudiesonllicTsiniaiic,acuiiimuiiilylivinginafuirslin

SouthAmerica.ResearchersputGPSunitson305Tsimancpeopletochecktheirdailymovements

overathree-dayperiod,andfoundnodifferencebetweenmenandwomeninnavigationalability.

Evenchildrenperformedverywell—aresult,researchersthink,ofgrowingupinanenvironment

thatencourageschildrentoexploretheforest.

1.Whywasanexperimentcarriedoutin2022?

A.lbdevelopanonlinewayimdinggame.

B.Toimprovetheplayers'wayfindingability.

C.Topickoutpeoplewhoareweakinwayfinding.

D.Tofindoutwhypeoplearedifferentinwayfindingability.

2.According（othepassage,whoisprobablythebestatfindingtheirway?

A.Awomanwhooftenexploresnature.

B.AgirlwhostudiesSouthAmericanculture.

C.Amanwhorunsonasportsgroundeverymorning.

D.Aboywholivesinacitywithanorderlystreetnetwork.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Goodnavigatorsaremostlymade,nolborn.

B.Navigationskillsdifferbetweenthegenders.

C.Navigationskillsarepasseddown,neverlost.

D.Goodnavigatorsbringdevelopmentsintechnology.

1-空擬檢測(cè),

A

（2025?北京海淀?三模）

Ifyou,remissinganamazingpartyforyouraunt'sbirthdaythatyoupromisedyourmum

youwouldattendyou'Hprobablyget“FOMO”一thefearofmissingout.

Ifsimpossibletoattendeverysocialeventinthecalendar,butsometimesitreallyannoys

youwhenyouhaveprior（先前的）engagements（約定）andyouknowyou'remissingouton

somethinggreat.

Butsomepeoplefeeltheopposite.RatherthanfeelingFOMO.theytakejoyinmissingout.

Theydun'lIculliicneedloallunduvcrylliiiig,andinslcadfindcoinibriineitherslickingloihcir

originalplansorstayingathomealone.

Inablogpost,KristenFullersaid“JOMO"isbasicallytheemotionallyintelligentaniidote

to“FOMO"andilis“aboutbeingpresentandbeingsatisfiedwithwhereyouareinSome

peoplearebomwithit,otherslearntoacceptit.

HerearethedifferenlwaysJOMOcanshowitself:

①Livinginthemoment

Ifyouconstantlyworryaboutmissingoutonsomething,youcannotenjoyyourself

whereveryouare.Thisisn'tahealthywaytoliveyourlife,andFullerwrotethatyoushouldn't

compareyourselftootherpeople'slivesorexperiences.

“JOMOallowsustobewhoweareinthepresentmoment,whichisthesecrettofinding

happiness,“shesaid.uWhcnyoufreeupthatcompetitiveandanxiousspaceinyourbrain,you

havesomuchmoretime,energyandemotiontorealizeyourtruepriorities(首要事情).”

②Switchingoff

Inanarticle,writerJustinBarisodiscoveredJOMOafterhepublishedhisfirstbook.He

foundithardtoswitchoff,worryingthathiseditorwouldcontacthimforrewrites,orhewould

missanimportantemail.Itwasn'tuntilhewasabroadwithhisfamilyandhisdaughteraskedhim

toplaythathethought:44WhatamIdoing?”

“DidIreallywanttcgotoStarbuckstositinfrontofmycomputer,respondingtoemails

frompeopleIbarelyknow,wheninsteadIcouldbespendingtimewithmyfamilyonabeautiful

beach?^^hewrote.

?Enjoyingyourowncompany

Somepeoplearesimplybornwiththeabilitytoswitchoff.andnotworryaboutwhalthey

couldbemissingouton.Forthem,beingaloneisimportant,anditdoesn'tmatterifthey're

missingoutonthepartyoftheyear.

Othersdon'tnecessarilyneedthespaceonabiologicallevel,buttheydon'tfeeltheneedto

comparetheirlivestoothers.Thesearethepeoplewhoaren'tinvolvedinsocialmedia,andfind

joyinwhattheyhave,ratherthanfocusingonwhattheydon't.

I.WhichofthefollowingprovesthatyoufeelJOMO?

A.Youcancelyouroriginalappointmentandattendapartylater.

B.Yuualwayswoikliaidinuidciluuicalcabctlcifuluicfuiyuuifamily.

C.Youspareadayforyourselfeveryweektodosomereadingandwriting.

D.Youconstantlycheckyouremailstomakesureyoukeepupwithyourwork.

2.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"antidote“inParagraph4mean?

A.Arequirementtoimprovethesituation.

B.Awaytolakeawaythebadeffectsofsomething.

C.Anexperimentto(es((heettectolsomething.

D.Amethodtokeepabalancebetweentwothings.

3.Whichisthebesttitleofthisarticle?

A.DifferencesbetweenFOMOandJOMO

B.YourChoice:FOMOorJOMO

C.JOMO:AWaytoDealwithFear

D.JOMO:FindHappinessinNotBeingInvolved

B

（2025?北京房山?一模）

Flyinghascompletelychangedthewaywetravelaroundtheworld.It'susuallythefastest

andmostconvenientwaytogoonlongtrips.Buthere'saproblem:it'soneoftheactivitiesthat

producethemostcarbonforanordinaryperson.In2018.asmallgroupoffamouspeoplein

Sweden,drivenbyenvironmentalworries,startedthe“flighlshame”movement.Theywarnedto

encouragepeopletogiveupflying.Butforthosewhoneedto（ravelorlovetraveling,whatother

greenwaysarethere?

Formediumtolongtrips,trainsseemtobethebestchoice.Accordingtoareport,takinga

traininsteadofadomestic（國(guó)內(nèi)的）flightcancutdowncarbonemissions（碳排放）by86%.

However,therearcsonicproblems.Trainscanbemoreexpensivethancheapflights.Especially

duringbusytravelseasons.Also,itmaytakemanymorehourstogettoyourplace,andmost

peopledon'twanttospendalotoftheirtraveltimejustontheway.That'swhysleepertrainsarea

greatidea.ThetrainnetworksinEuropearegettingbigger,withnewrailwaysbeingadded

regularly.Thismeanspassengerscansleepduringthetripandwakeupinanewcityorcountry!

Forshorttrips,manypeoplearewillingtoridebikesinsteadofdrivingcars.Butfewwould

thinkofcyclingtoanollicruouiilry.MatildaWclinisoneofIliclew.Illookher17dayslolidca

bikefromLondontoSweden.Sadly,shefound（hathertripneitherbenefitedtheplanetnorsaved

hermoney.Butitdidchangehowshesawthings.Shesaid,“WhenIwastravelling,Ireallyfelt

thedistanceofthejourneythatIusuallytakesoeasilybyplane."Shedescribedhowtheworld

aroundherchangedslowly,like（helanguages,thebuildings,andtheview—thingsshecouldn't

enjoyonaflight

Unfortunatelytortheplanet,airtravelremainsapopularchoice.About100,000planestake

offaround(heworldeveryday.Butifwespendmoremoneyinbuildingbetter(rainsystemsand

maketrainticketscheaper,morepeoplemightchoosetrainsoverplanes,whichcouldgreatly

reducecarbonemissions.

1.Whatchallengesdotrainsfacecomparedtoflights?

A.Trainsarealwaysfasterbutmoreexpensivethanflights.

B.Trainsareoftencheaperbuttakemuchlongerthanflights.

C.Trainsarcmoreexpensivethancheapflightsandtakemorehours.

D.Trainsareusedforshort-distancetripandlesseffectivethanflights.

2.WhatdoyouknowaboutMatildaWeiin'scyclingtripfromthepassage?

A.Thetriptookherlittletimeandwastedsomemoney.

B.Thetriphasbroughtalotofadvantages(otheplanet.

C.Sheenjoyedexperiencingslowchangesduringthetrip.

D.Sherealizedthatthedistanceofthistripwasquiteshort.

3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thegreenestactivewaytotravel.B.Choosegreentravelinsteadofflying

C.SeriousproblemsoftravellingbybikeD.Pushforwardthebuildingoftrainsystems.

C

(2025?北京東城?二模)

AUnitedNationsscientificreportstatesthathuman-causedclimatechangeisgreatly

reducinglandqualityworldwide.ItalsowarnsthatthewayhumansuselandiscausingtheEarth

towarmfasterandcouldhaimfoodproduction.

About30percentoftheEarth'ssurfaceisland,butthelandiswanningtwotimesfaster

limnllicplanetasuwhole.Whilegicculiuuscgasesaiccausingglobal(全球的)wuiniing,land

hasbeenlesstalkedaboutasapartofclimatechange.In-fact,thewaywcuselandisbothpartof

theproblemandpartofthesolution.

Climatechangehascausedseriousharmto(heland.Ilhascauseddesertslospreadand

madeforestsmoreeasilyharmedbyfire,diseaseandshortageofwater.Meanwhile,farmingand

forestrytogetheraccountforabout23percentofthegreenhousegases.

Scientistshavelongbelievedthatoneofthefewgoodthingsabouthigherlevelsofcarbon

dioxide（CO2）is（hatplantsgrowwellinsuchconditions.Butmanystudiesshowthatthehigh

levelsofcarbondioxidereduceprotein（蛋白質(zhì)）andnutrients（營(yíng)養(yǎng)物）inmanycrops.For

example,theycausewheattohave6to13percentlessprotein,4to7percentlesszinc（Zn）and8

percentlessiron（Fe）.T