（英語(yǔ)）高一英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)解題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)含解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

AgainstthesuppositionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiawarmtheclimate,scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.

Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforesttolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.Usuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthepastdecade.Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarming,firesmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasaresultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarming,whileheatmirroredbackintospacetendstocausecooling.

Thisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate.Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.

Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefire,largeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereandcausedwarming.Ozone(臭氧)levelsincreased,andashfromthefirefellonfar-offseaice,darkeningthesurfaceandcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.

"Weneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere."Scientiststrackedthechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaresultofthefire,andfoundameasurementcloselyrelatedtotheglobalairtemperature.Typically,fireinnorthernregionsoccursinthesameareaevery80to150years.Scientists,however,foundthatwhenfireoccursmorefrequently,moreradiationislostfromtheearthandcoolingresults.Specifically,theydeterminedwhenfirereturns20yearsearlierthanpredicated,0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.Theneteffectiscooling.Wattsareusedtomeasuretherateatwhichenergyisgainedorlostfromtheearth.（1）Accordingtothenewfindings,takingstepstopreventnorthernforestfiresmay________.A.

resultinawarmingclimate

B.

causetheforestfirestooccurmorefrequentlyC.

leadtoalongerfireseason

D.

protecttheforestsandtheenvironmentthere（2）ThefollowingarealltheimmediateeffectsafteraforestfireEXCEPT________.A.

largeamountsofgreenhousegasesentertheatmosphereB.

thelevelsofozonewhichisatypeofoxygenincreaseC.

snowonthegroundmirrorsmoresunlightbackintospaceD.

ashesfromthefirefallontheicesurfaceandtakeinmoreradiationfromthesun（3）Earlierstudiesaboutnorthernforestfires________.A.

analyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimateB.

indicatethatforestfireswillpollutetheatmosphereC.

suggestthatpeopleshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentD.

suggestthatthefireswillspeedupclimatewarming（4）Theunderlinedphrase"soakup"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.

released

B.

absorbed

C.

created

D.

distributed（5）FromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiamay________.A.

warmtheclimateasthesuppositiongoesB.

allowmoresnowtoreflectmoresunlightintospaceandthuscooltheclimateC.

destroylargeareasofforestsandpollutethefar-offseaiceD.

helptogainmoreenergyratherthanreleasemoreenergy【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亞的森林大火使氣候變暖，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在燃燒的樹木允許更多的雪將更多的陽(yáng)光反射到太空的地區(qū)可能會(huì)發(fā)生冷卻。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfirestolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions”這樣的措施最終導(dǎo)致了北部地區(qū)的氣候變暖。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.”可知地上的雪反射陽(yáng)光這是大火的間接的影響，是在第二年春天的時(shí)候發(fā)生的事情，并不是immediateeffects。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.”可知早期關(guān)于北方森林火災(zāi)的研究建議大火將加速氣候變暖，故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的““0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.”可知該詞與sendback該詞相反的意思，故應(yīng)該指吸收，因?yàn)閟endback指反射。故選B。（5）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.”可知從這個(gè)研究中得到的結(jié)論是B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.

Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar(花蜜)ofitsflowersincreased.Thefluid,producedtoattractpollinating(授粉)insects,wasonaverage20percenthigherinflowersexposedtothebuzzcomparedtothoseleftinsilenceorexposedtohigherpitchedsounds.ProfessorLilachHadany,wholedthestudy,said:"Ourresultsdocumentforthefirsttimethatplantscanrapidlyrespondtopollinatorsoundsinanecologicallyrelevantway."

However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.Whileplantsrequirewater,sunlightandtherighttemperaturetogrow,itiswidelybelievedtheydonothavesensesinthewayanimalsdo.

Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain."Plants'abilitytohearhasimplicationswellbeyondpollination—plantscouldpotentiallyhearandrespondtoherbivores,otheranimals,theelements,andpossiblyotherplants,"ProfHadanyadded.

Amonth-longexperimentconductedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSocietyin2009foundfemalevoicesappeartospeedupthegrowthoftomatoes.Theresearchoffersapossibleexplanation—women'svoiceswereattherightfrequencyfortheplantstohear.（1）What'seveningprimroseflowers'responsetobees'buzz?A.

Longerbloom.

B.

Sweeternectar.

C.

Brightercolor.

D.

Lessfluid.（2）WherecanplantsgrowbetteraccordingtoHadany?A.

Onasquare.

B.

Besideahighway.

C.

Inthewoods.

D.

Alongthestreet.（3）Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?A.

PrinceCharlesproveskindofstupid.B.

Plantscanonlypotentiallyhearanimals.C.

Plantsrespondtosoundsslowlyandecologically.D.

Plantsgardenerstalktofrequentlydevelopwell.（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.

Flowerscanhear.

B.

Beesarebestpollinators.C.

Plantscan'tgrowwithoutsound.

D.

Women'svoicesimproveplants'growth.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人與植物的交流可以促其生長(zhǎng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar(花蜜)ofitsflowersincreased.”可知，蜜蜂飛到夜來香花，在三分鐘內(nèi)其花朵花蜜的糖的濃度會(huì)增加，所以花蜜會(huì)更甜。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.”哈達(dá)尼教授認(rèn)為，植物對(duì)傳粉者做出反應(yīng)的能力可能會(huì)在城市環(huán)境或繁忙道路旁減弱。從而推斷可知，在叢林里的植物生長(zhǎng)得更好。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain.”研究表明，園丁們和他們的植物交談的努力可能不會(huì)白費(fèi)。從而推斷可知，園丁經(jīng)常與植物交談，生長(zhǎng)得更好。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述人與植物的交流可以促其生長(zhǎng)。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的）animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

"Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?A.

Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B.

Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C.

TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D.

Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.（2）What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A.

Lackingprotection.

B.

Beingstuckbyplastics.C.

Beingcaughtbyhumans.

D.

Treatingplasticsasfood.（3）WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.

Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.B.

Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C.

It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D.

Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.

Abiologytextbook.

B.

Atravelbrochure.C.

Anenvironmentalreport.

D.

Alifestylemagazine.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.

”他們的塑料廢物很可能在四百年后仍會(huì)存在，可知作者提到thePilgrims是為了說明塑料廢物對(duì)海洋有持久的影響，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.”一些明顯受到傷害，被塑料制成的廢棄物品卡住了?？赡苡懈嗟娜耸艿綗o形的傷害?？芍xB。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”他說最好在海洋變成塑料湯之前建立一個(gè)必要的機(jī)構(gòu)和制度的問題，可推知選C。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本題介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。是一篇環(huán)境保護(hù)類閱讀，因此選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit"brainfreeze".Inourforties,welaughitoffasa"seniormoment"andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful.Youthink,"AmIlosingit？"Orworse,"IsthisasignofAlzheimer'sdisease（老年癡呆癥）？"

Well,don'tworry.Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease（AD）.Theresearchersinanewstudyshowthatit'snotforgetfulnessbutnotbeingawarethatwe'reforgetfulthatweshouldfear.

TheresearchersbeganwiththeassumptionthatonecommonfeatureofAlzheimer'sdis-easeisadamagedawarenessofillness.Andtheywantedtoprovetheirtheorythatthelackofawarenesscanbeusedtopredictwhethersomeonewith"mildcognitive（認(rèn)知的）damage"willprogresstofull-onAD.Forthestudy,"mildcognitivedamage"wasdefinedassomeonewhosementalstatewasconsideredhealthybutwhohadeithercomplainedofmemorylossorhadsufferedobjectivememoryloss.

Theresearchersusedexistingdatafor1,062peoplebetweentheagesof55and90thathadbeenrecordedovera12-yearperiod.Thedataincludedbrainscans,whichtheresearchersusedtolookforvisualsignsofreducedglucoseuptake（葡萄糖吸收）.ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.Whattheresearchersalsodiscoveredwasthatglucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithmildcognitivedamagewhoalsoshowedevidenceofreducedillnessawareness.Finally,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadreducedillnessawarenessweremorelikelytodevelopADthanthosewithout.（1）Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1？A.

Peoplecanbeforgetfulatdifferentages.B.

Thememoryoftheyoungisbetterthantheold.C.

OldpeoplearemostafraidofgettingAlzheimer'sdisease.D.

It'sararephenomenonwhenyoungpeopleforgetsomething.（2）Whatstatementdoestheresearchersinthenewstudyagreewith?A.

Beingawareallthetimeisafearfulthing.B.

IllnessawarenesshasnothingtodowithAlzheimer'sdisease.C.

Recognizingforgetfulnessdoesn'tmeandevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.D.

RealizingforgetfulnessmustbeasignofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.（3）WhatcanbeasignofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease?A.

Realizingothers'forgetfulness.

B.

Reduceduptakeofglucose.C.

Havinghigherintakeofglucose.

D.

Expectedincreaseinbrainfunction.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.

Sciencefiction.

B.

Achemistrybook.

C.

Ascienceresearch.

D.

Ahealthbrochure.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了如何預(yù)測(cè)你的記憶喪失是否是老年癡呆癥,

一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，不是遺忘，而是沒有意識(shí)到我們的健忘讓人們感到害怕。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“

Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit‘brainfreeze’Inourforties,welaughitoffasa‘seniormoment’andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful.

”在二十多歲的時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們記不起鄰居的貓的名字或是主演一部著名電影的英俊演員時(shí)，我們覺得很有趣。在三十多歲的時(shí)候，我們開玩笑地稱它為“大腦凍結(jié)”，在四十多歲的時(shí)候，我們把它當(dāng)作“老年時(shí)期”來嘲笑，然后繼續(xù)講這些老年笑話。但現(xiàn)實(shí)是，有這樣的時(shí)候，健忘不再有趣，而且看起來有點(diǎn)可怕，可推知選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease（AD）”承認(rèn)自己的健忘也許是一個(gè)很好的跡象，至少?gòu)哪慊祭夏臧V呆癥,的可能性來看，可知選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.”這是一個(gè)患有老年癡呆癥降低了腦功能的客觀標(biāo)志。正如所料，老年癡呆癥患者的葡萄糖吸收降低，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，是一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究，介紹了如何預(yù)測(cè)你的記憶喪失是否是老年癡呆癥,

故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Beingabletolandsafelyisacriticallyimportantskillforallflyinganimals.Comparativelyspeaking,groundlivinganimalsfacenoparticularchallengewhentheyneedtostoprunningorcrawling,whileflyinganimalsmoveatmuchhigherspeed,andtheymustbecarefulabouthowtheyland.Hittingtheground,orevenwater,atfullflightspeedwouldbequitedangerous.Beforetouchingdown,theymustdecreasetheirspeedinordertolandsafely.Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently.

Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings.Inrecentyears,though,researchershavediscoveredanumberofinterestingfactsaboutbatflight.Batsarebuiltdifferentlyfrombirds,andtheirwingsaremadeupofboththeirfrontandhindlimbs(肢體).Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調(diào))theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances.However,theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo.

Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain.However,notallbatshittheirlandingspotswiththesamespeedandforce;thesewillvarydependingontheareawhereabatspeciesmakesitshome.Forexample,acavebat,whichregularlylivesonahardstoneceiling,ismorecarefulaboutitslandingpreparationthanabatmoreaccustomedtolandinginleafytreetops.（1）Whichofthefollowingisthetopicofthepassage?A.

Placeswhereflyinganimalschoosetoland.B.

Whyscientistshavedifficultyobservingbats.C.

Differencesintheeatinghabitsofbatsandbirds.D.

Waysinwhichbatsmovedifferentlyfrombirds.（2）Whichofthefollowingisafalseassumptionaboutbatsthatwasrecentlycorrected?A.

Theycannothearanysound.

B.

Theysleepupsidedown.C.

Theyflysimilarlytobirds.

D.

Theyhideintreebranches.（3）Theword"it"(in2ndparagraph)probablyrefersto"______".A.

thedistancetothenets

B.

thesenseofflyingheightC.

theflyingdirection

D.

theabilitytochangethespeed（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.

Batsmighthurtthemselveswhenlanding.

B.

Batscanhangupsidedownlikebirds.C.

Batscanadjustspeedbeforelanding.

D.

Batsandbirdslandindifferentways.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者用研究事實(shí)來證明蝙蝠在飛行及運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與鳥類完全不同。以前人們認(rèn)為蝙蝠和鳥類在運(yùn)動(dòng)方面沒有什么區(qū)別，但現(xiàn)在的研究證明蝙蝠的構(gòu)造不同于鳥類，它們的翅膀由前肢和后肢組成，它們自我調(diào)節(jié)能力好，可迅速改變飛行方向，或完全逆行，這是鳥類不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飛行的另一個(gè)有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的！這不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently."提出了蝙蝠與鳥的降落方式及飛行的不同。第二段用研究證明過去認(rèn)為蝙蝠和鳥類在飛行運(yùn)動(dòng)方面沒有什么區(qū)別是錯(cuò)誤的。尤其是"theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo"可知蝙蝠與鳥的運(yùn)動(dòng)不同；第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,…"再一次說明了蝙蝠與鳥運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的不同。綜上所述，可知，蝙蝠與鳥運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的不同是本文的主題。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings…Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調(diào))theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances."可推斷出，過去人們認(rèn)為蝙蝠與鳥在飛行運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與鳥沒有區(qū)別，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是不正確的，故也是要糾正的，故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。劃線部分的上下文說"蝙蝠在自我調(diào)節(jié)的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改變飛行方向，或者完全與它（正飛行方向）相反的方向飛行，這是鳥不容易做到的。"由此可知，此處的"it"指的是飛行的方向。故選C。（4）考查推斷判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain."可知，蝙蝠飛行的另一個(gè)有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥，觀察到蝙蝠可以四處飛行，然后突然倒掛在頭頂?shù)奈矬w上。這種降落方式的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是蝙蝠經(jīng)常用力降落，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致疼痛。因此蝙蝠與鳥不同，蝙蝠可以倒掛著。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.

Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents(應(yīng)答者)aged21o65abouttheproportion(比例)ofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood,thepresenceofgreenviewsfromtheirhome,theiraccesstoagardenandhowoftentheyusepublicgreenspace.Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety,aswellasdesiresforthingslikecaffeine,alcoholandnicotine.Participantsratedtheintensity(強(qiáng)度),imagery,andintrusiveness(侵?jǐn)_性)oftheirdesiresonan11-pointscale.

Researchersfoundthepresenceofvisiblegreenspacecontributedtodecreaseddesiresforjunkfood.Theeffectwasparticularlynoticeablewhenmorethan25percentofarespondent'sviewwasgreenery.

Previousscholarship(學(xué)術(shù)研究)hasdealtmostlywithexerciseinnature:A2015studyoutoftheUniversityofMichiganfound90-minutegroupnaturewalkswereeffectiveatcombattingdepressionandrelievingothermooddisorders.Butforpeoplewhostrugglewithaccessibilityordon'thavetimefora90-minutewalk,thisnewstudysuggestsjustlookingoutawindowatatreecanhelpfightoffabadhabit.

"Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatbeingoutdoorsinnatureislinkedtoaperson'swell-being,"leadauthorLeanneMartinsaidinastatement."Butfortheretobeasimilarassociationwithdesiresfromsimplybeingabletoseegreenspaceaddsanewdimensiontothepreviousresearch."

A2018studyfromDenmark'sAarhusUniversityforexample,foundthat.Havingaccesstogreenspacethroughoutchildhooddecreasedaperson'sriskofdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsasanadult.（1）Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theresultsofthenewstudy.B.Thepurposeofthenewstudy.C.Thesignificanceofthenewstudy.D.Thecontentofthenewstudy.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"combatting"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）Accordingtothepassage,thenewstudy_____.A.mainlyreferredtoexerciseinnatureB.hasenrichedthepreviousresearchtosomedegreeC.wascarriedoutbytheUniversityofMichiganD.foundexposuretogreeneryhelpedcurementalproblems（4）nwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A.EntertainmentB.BusinessWorldC.Tech&ScienceD.Environment【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究成果---多看綠色植物和吃垃圾食品這兩者看似風(fēng)馬牛不相及，可研究結(jié)構(gòu)卻表明它們之間存在著一種奇妙的關(guān)系：多看綠色植物能幫助人們克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段中的

“Researchers…surveyed149respondentsaged21o65abouttheproportionofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood…”研究人員調(diào)查了年齡在21~65歲之間的149名參與者小區(qū)內(nèi)的綠植比例……；以及“Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety…”研究中還問了與抑郁及焦慮有關(guān)的問題……等可知，第二段主要介紹了新研究的調(diào)查內(nèi)容，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在大自然中散步對(duì)人體有各種各樣的好處，再結(jié)合句中出現(xiàn)的“relievingothermooddisorders(緩解其他情緒紊亂)”不難推斷出，combattingdepression應(yīng)表示“減輕抑郁”。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“…addsanewdimension(方面)tothepreviousresearch”為以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某種程度上豐富了之前的研究成果。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究的研究成果，所以該文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在“技術(shù)與科學(xué)”版塊。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthanforesttrees.

Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil(化石)fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.

StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.

Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abo