（英語）高二英語閱讀理解(時(shí)文廣告)解析版匯編及解析(1)一、高中英語閱讀理解時(shí)文廣告類1．閱讀理解⒈AdmissionandSchoolPoliciesTheenrollment(注冊)ofapupiltotheSchoolissubjecttotheSchool'sAdmissionandEntrypoliciesandotherpoliciesandproceduresrevisedbytheSchoolfromtimetotime.⒋FeesSchoolFeesarelistedontheFeeScheduleandvaryfromtimetotime.Afullterm'stuitionmustbepaidforanytermduringwhichthepupilisinattendanceregardlessofthenumberofdaysattended.Iftuitionfeeshavenotbeenpaid,theRefundableDepositshallbeusedtopaythetuitionfeesandtheparents/guardiansremainresponsiblefortherest.TheSchoolreservestherighttoexclude(開除)apupiliftuitionorotherfeesarenotpaidinfullbytheduedate.⒉WithdrawalbyParent/GuardianIfaparent/guardiandesirestowithdrawachildforanyreasonfromtheschool,thatparent/guardianshallgiveaminimumofsixweekswrittenwithdrawalnoticetotheSchool.Noticereceivedduringaschoolholidaywillbeconsideredtohavebeenreceivedonthefirstdayofthefollowingterm.⒊RefundableDeposit(押金)Whenapupilisofferedaplacetheparent/guardianshallimmediatelypaytherequiredRefundableDeposit.ThisistosecureenrollmentattheSchooluntilthetermlyorannualfeeshavebeenpaid.TheRefundableDepositisrefundable,andshallbewithoutinterestandwithouttakingintoaccountchangesinexchangerates.⒌TerminationbytheschoolTheschoolmayterminate(終止)thisagreementwhenpermanentexclusionorremovalisrequired.TheSchoolshallnottakesuchactionwithoutgoodcauseandfullconsultationwithparents/guardiansandthepupil.Parents/guardianshavetherighttoappealonadecisiontopermanentlyexcludeapupil.（1）Howlonginadvanceshouldawrittenwithdrawalnoticebegiven?A.Awholeholiday.B.Atleastsixweeks.C.Awholeterm.D.Atleastoneday.（2）Whatdoweknowabouttuitionfees?A.Theymustbefullypaid.B.Theystaythesameeveryyear.C.Theyvarywiththenumberofdaysattended.D.Theycan'tbepaidwiththerefundabledeposit.（3）Inwhichsectionofaschool'sbrochuremightthetextappear?A.StudyTips.B.ApplicationProcedures.C.TermsandConditions.D.FrequentlyAskedQuestions.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一所學(xué)校的入學(xué)及學(xué)校政策、退學(xué)、押金和學(xué)費(fèi)等細(xì)則條款。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)2.WithdrawalbyParent/Guardian部分中的“Ifaparent/guardiandesirestowithdrawachildforanyreasonfromtheschool,thatparent/guardianshallgiveaminimumofsixweekswrittenwithdrawalnoticetotheSchool.”如家長/監(jiān)護(hù)人因任何原因欲將子女退學(xué)，須最少提前六星期向?qū)W校發(fā)出書面退學(xué)通知，可知退學(xué)通知書應(yīng)至少提前六周發(fā)出。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)4.Fees部分中的“Afullterm'stuitionmustbepaidforanytermduringwhichthepupilisinattendanceregardlessofthenumberofdaysattended.”無論學(xué)生上課的天數(shù)多少，在任何學(xué)期，都必須支付一個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)費(fèi)，可知學(xué)費(fèi)必須全額支付。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了一所學(xué)校的入學(xué)及學(xué)校政策、退學(xué)、押金和學(xué)費(fèi)等細(xì)則條款?？芍恼伦钣锌赡艹霈F(xiàn)在學(xué)校宣傳冊的條款及細(xì)則部分。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息。并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Stillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreak?Therearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewalkawayfromyourcollege.

King'sArtCentre

AdayattheCentrecouldmeanavisittoanexhibitionoftheworkofoneofthemostinterestingcontemporaryartistsonshowanywhere.Thisweekendseestheopeningofanexhibitionoffourlocalartists.

Youcouldattendaclassteachingyouhowtolearnfromthemasters'orgetmorecreativewithpaint—freeofcharge.

TheCentrealsorunstwolifedrawingclassesforwhichthereisasmallfee.

TheBotanicGarden

TheGardenhasover8,000plantspecies；itholdstheresearchandteachingcollectionoflivingplantsforCambridgeUniversity.

ThemultibranchedTorchAloehereisimpressive.TheAfricanplantproducesredflowersabovebluegreenleaves,andisnotonetomiss.

GettothedisplayhousetoseeDionaeamuscipulaaplantmorecommonlyknownastheVenusFlytrapthatfeedsoninsectsandothersmallanimals.

TheGardenisalsoaplaceforwildlifeenthusiasts.Lookforgrasssnakesinthelake.Asnakecalled‘HissingSid'isregularlyseenlyingintheheatofthewarmsun.

Byron'sPool

ManystoriessurroundLordByron'stimeasastudentofCambridgeUniversity.

Arrivingin1805,hewrotealettercomplainingthatitwasaplaceof"messanddrunkenness".However,itseemsasthoughByrondidmanagetopassthetimepleasantlyenough.I'mnotjusttalkingaboutthepetbearhekeptinhisrooms.Hespentagreatdealoftimewalkinginthevillage.

ItisalsosaidthatonoccasionByronswamnakedbymoonlightinthelake,whichisnowknownasByron'sPool.AcoupleofmilespastGrantchesterinthesouthCambridgeshirecountryside,thepoolissurroundedbybeautifulcircularpathsaroundthefields.Thecriesofinvisiblebirdsmakethetripalovelyexperienceandonthewayhomeyoucandropintothevillageforafternoontea.Ifyoudon'ttrustme,thenperhapsyou'lltakeitfromVirginiaWoolf—overacenturyafterByron,shereportedlytookatriptoswiminthesamepool.（1）Accordingtothepassage,thereisasmallchargefor______.A.

seeinganexhibition

B.

learninglifedrawingC.

workingwithlocalartists

D.

attendingthemasters'class（2）"TorchAloe"and"VenusFlytrap"are______.A.

commoninsects

B.

rarelyseensnakes

C.

impressiveplants

D.

wildlife-enthusiasts（3）InthepassageByron'sPoolisdescribedasalake______.A.

ownedbyLordByron

B.

surroundedbyfieldsC.

locatedinGrantchester

D.

discoveredbyVirginiaWoolf（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

UnknownstoriesofCambridgeUniversity.

B.

Thecolourfullifeinthecountryside.C.

Awaytobecomecreativeinart.

D.

Someplacesforweekendbreak.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了幾處周末度假的好去處。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)King'sArtCentre部分中的“TheCentrealsorunstwolifedrawingclassesforwhichthereisasmallfee.”該中心還開設(shè)了兩門素描課，費(fèi)用不高，可知，學(xué)習(xí)寫生需要一點(diǎn)小費(fèi)用。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheBotanicGarden部分中的“Themulti-branchedTorchAloehereisimpressive.”這里的多枝火炬蘆薈令人印象深刻；及“GettothedisplayhousetoseeDionaeamuscipula,aplantmorecommonlyknownastheVenusFlytrapthatfeedsoninsectsandothersmallanimals.”去陳列館看一看舞水蓮，一種通常被稱為捕蠅草的植物，以昆蟲和其他小動物為食，可知，TorchAloe是給人印象深刻的植物，VenusFlytrap則是一種以昆蟲和其他小動物為食的植物。由此可知，TorchAloe和VenusFlytrap是兩種給人印象深刻的植物。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Byron'sPool部分中的“AcoupleofmilespastGrantchesterinthesouthCambridgeshirecountryside,thepoolissurroundedbybeautifulcircularpathsaroundthefields.”在劍橋郡南部的格蘭切斯特(Grantchester)鄉(xiāng)村，幾英里外的池塘周圍環(huán)繞著美麗的圓形小徑，可推知，Byron'sPool是被田野環(huán)繞的湖。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Stillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreak？Therearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewalkawayfromyourcollege.”還在為你的周末假期尋找目的地嗎?有些地方離你的大學(xué)可能只有幾步之遙，可知，本文所描述的是給讀者提供一些可在周末休閑的去處。故選D。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是幾則廣告。要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Bullgatortail10minutesago

IparticularlyenjoytheworksofGreenwichVillagepoetEdwardField,whoseinterestincinemaledtoanumberofpoemsbasedonoldmonstermovies(includingmanyaboutFrankensteinandmyfavorite,CurseoftheCatWoman).

Litteacher829minutesago

Therearesomanytochoosefrom!IloveRobertFrost,especially"MendingWall",mostlybecauseheismydad'sfavoritepoet.However,personallyIloveLnagstonHughes'spoem"Dreams"becauseitalwaysbringshappinesstome.Iamalsoabigfanoftheolderpoems,suchasSpenser's"OneDayIWroteHerNameUpontheStrand"becauseitissosimple,and"TheTyger"and"TheLamb"byWilliamBlakebecauseIlovethelanguage.

MichaelUgulini51minutesago

MyfavoritepoetisSujiKwockKim.EversinceIreadherbookofpoetry"NotesfromtheDividedCountry",Ihavebeenabigfanofherclearandthoughtfulwriting.Myfavoritepoemofhersis"Borderlands",whichshewroteinmemoryofhergrandmother.Itisapoemabouthergrandmother'sexperiencesduringthewar.

Loraaa1hourago

Hardtodecide!ButifIhaveto,I'dsayEmilyDickinson.Herlifewassowonderfulandheropinionsaboutlifearealsointeresting.Herunderstandingofnaturespeakstotheheartofanyonewholovestheoutdoors!Dickinsonalsounderstoodhumannatureverywell.Herpoemsspeakoflove,loneliness,ect.Finally,myfavoritepoembyheris"INeverSawaMoor".Iloveherthoughts!（1）WhydoesLitteacher8likethepoem"Dreams"?A.Italwayscheershimup.B.Heisabigfanofitsauthor.C.Itishisfather'sfavoritepoem.D.Helovesthelanguageofit.（2）WhosefavouritepoetisEmilyDickinson?A.Loraaa's.B.Litteacher8's.C.Bullgatortail's.D.MichaelUgulini's.（3）Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anewspaper.B.Anoticeboard.C.Awebpage.D.Abookreview.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，四個(gè)網(wǎng)上用戶分別說明了自己最喜歡的詩人是誰。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

Litteacher829minutesago部分中的“However,personallyIloveLnagstonHughes'spoem‘Dreams’becauseitalwaysbringshappinesstome.”然而，我個(gè)人喜歡LnagstonHughes的詩“夢想”，因?yàn)樗偸墙o我?guī)砜鞓罚芍狶itteacher8喜歡《夢》這首詩，因?yàn)樗偸悄苁顾鞓菲饋?。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

Loraaa1hourago部分中的“ButifIhaveto,I'dsayEmilyDickinson.”但如果我必須說，我會說EmilyDickinson，可知Loraaa最喜歡的詩人是EmilyDickinson。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)每段之前人的名稱Bullgatortail、Litteacher8、MichaelUgulini以及Loraaa均為昵稱，以及后文的時(shí)間分別是10分鐘以前、29分鐘以前、51分鐘以前以及一個(gè)小時(shí)以前，時(shí)間具有即時(shí)性，可推知這篇文章摘自一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Overthenextdecade,technologywilldecimatemorejobsinmanyprofessions.

Somerobotsalreadycostlesstooperatethanthesalariesofthehumanstheyreplace,andtheyaregettingcheaper.BostonConsultingGrouppredictsthat,by2025,theoperatingcostofarobotthatdoeswelding(焊接)willbelessthan$2perhour,forexample.That'smoreaffordablethanthe$25perhourthatahumanwelderearnstodayinAmerica.

Uberandmanyothercompaniesareworkingondevelopingcarsandtrucksthatdon'tneedadriverinthedriver'sseat.AccordingtotheAmericanTruckingAssociations,approximately3milliontruckdriverswereemployedintheUnitedStatesin2010,and6.8millionotherswereemployedinotherjobsrelatingtotruckingactivity.Soroughlyoneofevery15workersinthecountryisemployedinthetruckingbusiness.Wecouldbetalkingaboutmillionsofjobsdisappearingintheearly2020s.

Andthenthereisthe"GigEconomy(零工經(jīng)濟(jì))"thathassomebusinessesmovingtowardpart-time,on-demandemployment.Uberhasalreadydonethistotaxidrivers,andothertechnologycompaniesaredoingittoawiderangeofjobs.AstudybyIntuitpredictedthat,by2020,40%ofAmericanworkerswillbeself-employed,andthatfull-timejobswillbehardertofind.Wearetalkingabout60millionpeopleinthiscategory.Theproblemisthatnotonlydosuchpart-timeworkerslackreliablefull-timejobsandsickpay,buttheycan'tenjoyhealthinsuranceandlonger-termbenefits.

Themeasurestobetakenaretoraisetradebarriers.Butclosingthedoorstoforeigntradewon'tbringjobsback.ItwillonlyslowtheglobaleconomyandhurtAmericanexports,shrinkingtheU.S.economyandacceleratingjobloss.（1）Theunderlinedword"decimate"inParagraph1canbereplacedby"______".A.

makesomeoneinterestedin

B.

equipsomeonefor

C.

wipeout

D.

bringback（2）Whatwillhappenwithtechnologiesdevelopingaccordingtothetext?A.

Robotswillbecomesmarterandsmarter.B.

Uber'slaborcostwillbelowerandlower.C.

Moreandmoretruckdriverswillbeneeded.D.

Taxidriverscanenjoymorehealthinsurance.（3）Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofafull-timejob?A.

Itmaybeflexible.

B.

Itmayoffersickpay.C.

Itisfullofadventure.

D.

Itisalwayswell-paid.（4）Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreeon?A.

Welcomingforeigntrade.

B.

Offeringmorepart-timejobs.C.

Usingfewerrobotstostopjobloss.

D.

Developingmorenewtechnologies.（5）What'sthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.

Toshowtechnologyadvancesinourdailylife.B.

Toprovetechnologiescauselowincomes.C.

TointroducewhattheGigEconomyis.D.

TowarntheGigEconomyiscoming.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）A（5）D【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要介紹了隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步，很多公司使用更多的機(jī)器人，不再需要很多全職工人，零工經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代很快就會到來，并舉出Uber公司的例子加以說明。（1）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Somerobotsalreadycostlesstooperatethanthesalariesofthehumanstheyreplace,andtheyaregettingcheaper."可知機(jī)器人的成本比人力更便宜，未來很多公司會更多使用機(jī)器人。也就是說機(jī)器人會奪走很多人的工作，故C項(xiàng)正確。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"Uberandmanyothercompaniesareworkingondevelopingcarsandtrucksthatdon'tneedadriverinthedriver'sseat."可知Uber公司開發(fā)了無人駕駛技術(shù)，會大大地減少雇傭司機(jī)的工資付出，公司的運(yùn)營成本會越來越低。故B項(xiàng)正確。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句"Theproblemisthatnotonlydosuchpart-timeworkerslackreliablefull-timejobsandsickpay,buttheycan'tenjoyhealthinsuranceandlonger-termbenefits."可知兼職工作的人無法享受生病工資，也就是說全職工作的人可以享受sickpay，這也是全職工作的優(yōu)勢，故B項(xiàng)正確。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句"Butclosingthedoorstoforeigntradewon'tbringjobsback.ItwillonlyslowtheglobaleconomyandhurtAmericanexports,shrinkingtheU.S.economyandacceleratingjobloss."可知作者認(rèn)為關(guān)閉對外貿(mào)易并不能讓工作機(jī)會回歸，只會減緩全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展并傷害美國的出口。由此可見作者支持對外貿(mào)易。故A項(xiàng)正確。（5）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前兩段可知技術(shù)進(jìn)步讓公司使用更多的機(jī)器人，不再需要很多全職工人。再根據(jù)第四段第一句"Andthenthereisthe"GigEconomy(零工經(jīng)濟(jì))"thathassomebusinessesmovingtowardpart-time,on-demandemployment."可知零工經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代很快就會到來。故D項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文詞義猜測題和推理判斷題兩種?？碱}型，詞義猜測題要注意理解劃線詞匯所在語境需要表達(dá)的意思；推理判斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。5．閱讀理解

Howwasyourdaytoday?IfitwasjustsortofOK,withnothingmuchhappening,thenScottShafferwantstohearfromyou.MrShafferistheeditoroftheJournalofMundaneBehaviour."Wecanlearnalotaboutthewaythatsocietyworksbyexaminingnormalpatternsofbehavior,"hesays."Alltheordinarydecisionswemakeandordinarythingswedoaresocietyinaction."

Theideathatsocialscientistsshould"studytheunmarked",inMrShaffer'swords,hasalsospreadtohistorians.Traditionally,mosthistoryhasbeenwrittenasthestoryofgreatness.Itisallaboutgreatideas,greatpeopleandgreateconomicandsocialforceschangingthewaythatmillionsofpeopleliveforever.AlbertEinstein'stheoryofrelativitychangedthewaythatwelookattheuniverse.Buthashebeenofmorebenefittohumanitythantheunknownpersonwhoinventedthefirstreallycomfortableshoe?Trythinkinggreatthoughtswhenyourfeethurt.

Inrecentyears,booksofmicro-historyhavebeenagreatsuccesswiththepublic.Mostmicrohistoriansliketorelatetheirsubjecttowiderdevelopmentsinsociety.AccordingtohistorianCatherineGallagher,thepotatowasonceamatterofgreatargument.Supporterspointedoutthatitcouldgrowcheaplyandeasilyandhelpfeedthepoor.Opponentssaidthatthiswouldleadtothepoorbecomingmorepowerful,sincetheydidnothavetospendeveryhourworkingtofeedthemselves.ItseemsthatEuropeansocialismstartedwithanargumentaboutvegetables.BritishhistorianColinJoneswantsustolookatpicturespaintedhundredsofyearsago.Hewantsustonoticethefactthatnobodysmilesinthesepictures.Comparethatwithtoday,wheneveryonesmilesforthecameraandrefusingtosmileisseenasanunfriendlyact.Itisallbecauseofdentistry,hesays.Oncepeoplewereabletolookaftertheirteeth,theybegantosmileandtheworldbecameahappierplace.

Whetherstorieslikethisaretrueornot,theyputordinarypeopleatthecenterofhistory.Mostofusarenotgoingtochangetheworldinabigway.Butwemightbeabletodosomethingthatmakeslifeabiteasierforotherpeople.Andmaybeonedayahistorianwillcomealongandwritethestory.Itissomethingtogetexcitedabout,thoughperhapsnotveryexcited.（1）Whydoestheauthortellyoutotrythinkinggreatthoughtswhenyourfeethurt?A.

Toshowtheordinaryisnecessary.

B.

Toshowhistoryiscreatedbytheunknown.C.

Toshowgreatthoughtsareunnecessary.

D.

Toshowgreatnesscomesfromtheordinary.（2）Whatwasthemostimportantthingabouttheargumentaboutthepotato?A.

Ithelpedthepoortofeedthemselves.

B.

Ithelpedtospendlessmoneyonfood.C.

Itbroughtaboutastruggleagainsttherich.

D.

Itledtogreatchangesinsociety.（3）Whydidn'tpeoplesmileinpicturespaintedhundredsofyearsago?A.

Theylivedahardlife.

B.

Theirteethlookedterrible.C.

Theywerenotfriendly.

D.

Theypreferredtolookserious.（4）Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.

Thewaystomakelifeeasier.

B.

Theimportanceoftheordinaryinhistory.C.

Theincreasinginterestinmicro-history.

D.

Unknownpeoplewhoinventedsmallthings.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。論述了關(guān)注社會中普通人的重要性。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Alltheordinarydecisionswemakeandordinarythingswedoaresocietyinaction.”及第二段中的“Buthashebeenofmorebenefittohumanitythantheunknownpersonwhoinventedthefirstreallycomfortableshoe?Trythinkinggreatthoughtswhenyourfeethurt.”可知第一個(gè)發(fā)明舒適的鞋的未知人的重要性。作者以此來印證普通人和普通人的想法的重要性。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“AccordingtohistorianCatherineGallagher,thepotatowasonceamatterofgreatargument.”以及“ItseemsthatEuropeansocialismstartedwithanargumentaboutvegetables.”可知作者在文中提到了potato,而恰恰是對potato的討論帶來了社會的變革。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Itisallbecauseofdentistry,hesays.Oncepeoplewereabletolookaftertheirteeth,theybegantosmileandtheworldbecameahappierplace”可推斷當(dāng)人們會照料自己的牙齒的時(shí)候,人們才敢笑,這表明在此之前人不敢笑,是因?yàn)樗麄兊难例X很糟糕。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主題為"Theimportanceoftheordinaryinhistory,（歷史中普通人的重要性）"各段落緊扣主題內(nèi)容,論證了作者在本文中的觀點(diǎn)普通人是很重要的。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Ifspendingisameasureofwhatmatters,thenthepeopleofthedevelopingworldplaceahighvalueonbrains.Whileprivatespendingoneducationhasnotchangedmuchintherichworldinthepasttenyears,inChinaandIndiaithasmorethandoubled.Sincebrainpoweristheprimarygeneratorofprogress,thisburstofenthusiasmforinvestinginprivateeducationisexcellentnewsfortheworld.Butnoteverybodyisdelighted.Becauseprivateeducationincreasesinequality,somegovernmentsaretryingtostopitsadvance.That'swrong:theyshouldwelcomeit,andspreaditsbenefitsmorewidely.

①Educationusedtobeprovidedbyreligiousinstitutionsorentrepreneurs.Butwhengovernments,startinginPrussiainthe18thcentury,gotintothebusinessofnation-building,theyrealizedtheycoulduseeducationtoshapeyoungminds.Asstatesystemsgrew,privateschoolingwaslefttotheeliteandthepious(虔誠的).Nowitisenjoyingpopularityagain,forseveralreasons.Incomesarerising,especiallyamongthebetteroff,atthesametimeasbirthratesarefalling.InChinatheformerone-childpolicymeansthatsixpeople—twoparentsandfourgrandparents—canpourmoneyintoeducatingasinglechild.

②Alloverthedevelopingworld,peoplewantmoreorbettereducationthangovernmentsprovide.Wherecitiesaregrowingatunmanageablespeed,theprivateeducationistakinguptheslack.InIndiatheprivateeducationnoweducatesnearlyhalfofallchildren,inPakistanmorethanathird,andinbothcountriesthestateeducationisshrinking.Evenwherethestatedoesprettywell,asinEastAsia,richerpeoplestillwantbetterschoolingfortheirchildrenthanthemassesget.Thus,Vietnam,whichhasanoutstandingstate-schoolsystemforapoorcountry,measuredbyitsperformanceintheOECD'sPISAtest,alsohasthefastest-growingprivateeducation.

③Inmostways,thisisanexcellentthing,becausetheworldisgettingmoreandbetterschooling.

Inrichcountries,oncethebackgroundandabilityofthechildrenwhoattendprivateschoolsaretakenintoaccount,theirexamsresultsareaboutthesameasthoseinthestateeducation.Butindevelopingcountriesprivateschoolsarebetter—andmuchmoreefficient.AstudyofeightIndianstatesfoundthat,intermsoflearningoutcomesperrupee,privateschoolswerebetween1.5timesand29timesmorecost-effectivethanstateschools.

④Theytendtosortchildrenbyincome,herdingricheronestowardsbetterschoolsthatwillenhancetheiralreadysuperiorlifechances.Thatisonereasonwhymanygovernmentsaretroubledbytheirrise.

Governmentsarerighttoworryaboutprivateeducation'scontributiontoinequality,buttheyarewrongtodiscourageitsgrowth.Governmentsshouldinsteadfocusonimprovingthepubliceducationbymimicking(模仿)theprivateeducation'svirtues.Freedomfromindependentmanagementisattherootofitssuperiorperformanceandgreaterefficiency.Governmentsshouldthereforedotheirbesttogiveschoolprincipalsmorefreedomtoinnovateandtofireunderperformingteachers.

Tospreadthebenefitofprivateschoolsmorewidely,governmentsshouldworkwiththem,payingforeducationthroughvouchers(代金券)whichchildrencanspendinprivateschools.Andvouchersshouldbelimitedtostudentsinnon-selectiveschoolsthatdonotchargetop-upfees;otherwisegovernmentswillfindthemselveshelpingthebetteroffandincreasinginequality.

Theworldfacesplentyofproblems.Governmentsshouldstopbehavingasthoughprivateeducationwereoneofthem.Itwill,rather,increasethechancesoffindingsolutions.（1）Whatdoweknowaboutprivateeducation?A.

Moredevelopedcountriesenjoyit.B.

Itattractsmoreandmoreinvestment.C.

Publiceducationwillreplaceitinthefuture.D.

Ithashelpedgovernmentstoremoveinequality.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"takinguptheslack"inParagraph3probablymean?A.

Fillingthegap.

B.

Settingtheplace.

C.

Breakingthebalance.

D.

Avoidingtherisk.（3）WhyhasprivateeducationbeendevelopingrapidlyinVietnam?A.

ThepopulationinVietnamisshrinkingdramatically.B.

Itsstateeducationisworsethanotherdevelopingcountries.C.

Somepeoplewantbettereducationfortheirchildrenthanothers.D.

Thegovernmentintendsprivateeducationtoshapeyoungminds.（4）Thesentence"Butprivateschoolsalsoincreaseinequality."canbeputin

.A.

①

B.

②

C.

③

D.

④（5）Whatdoestheauthoradvisegovernmentstodo?A.

Trainschoolprincipals.

B.

Sellvoucherstochildren.C.

learnfromprivateeducation.

D.

Fireunderperformingteachers.（6）What'stheauthor'sopinionaboutprivateeducation?A.

Privateeducationshouldbebasedonstateeducation.B.

Privateeducationshouldbetargetedatwell-offfamilies.C.

Governmentsshouldpreventthespreadofprivateeducation.D.

Governmentsshouldcelebratethepopularityofprivateeducation.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D（5）C（6）D【解析】【分析】本文主要論述私人教育在發(fā)達(dá)國家不重視，但是發(fā)展中國家大受歡迎，有些人對私人教育的發(fā)展不高興，他們認(rèn)為私人教育加劇了不公平性，有些政府甚至阻止其發(fā)展，針對這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，作者提出了看法：這種做法是錯(cuò)誤的。人們應(yīng)該歡迎私人教育，并廣泛地傳播它的好處。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文中原文"thisburstofenthusiasmforinvestinginprivateeducationisexcellentnewsfortheworld."因此答案選擇B。私人教育吸引了越來越多的投資。但是私立教育加劇了不平等，因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。私人教育與公立教育并存，所以答案C錯(cuò)誤。更多的發(fā)展中國家出現(xiàn)了正在受益，所以A也錯(cuò)誤。故選B。（2）詞義猜測題。對劃線單詞進(jìn)行三句讀,"Wherecitiesaregrowingatunmanageablespeed,theprivateeducationistakinguptheslack.InIndiatheprivateeducationnoweducatesnearlyhalfofallchildren,inPakistanmorethanathird,andinbothcountriesthestateeducationisshrinking."印度私人教育現(xiàn)在教育了將近一半的兒童，在巴基斯坦超過三分之一。公立教育萎縮，私立教育填補(bǔ)空白。故選A。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過定位詞Vietnam找到文中richerpeoplestillwantbetterschoolingfortheirchildrenthanthemassesget.ThusVietnam,whichhasanoutstandingstate-schoolsystemforapoorcountry,measuredbyitsperformanceintheOECD'sPISAtestalsohasthefastest-growingprivateeducation.因此原因是富裕的人們想讓孩子們獲得更好的教育，故選C。（4）推理判斷題。句子是：但是私人學(xué)校也會導(dǎo)致不平等。所以加入的段落應(yīng)該更多會討論私人學(xué)校引發(fā)的不平等。所以我們找到只有第四處符合要求。Theytendtosortchildrenbyincome,herdingricheronestowardsbetterschoolsthatwillenhancetheiralreadysuperiorlifechances.故選D。（5）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中,建議寫在了最后三段Governmentsshouldinsteadfocusonimprovingthepubliceducationbymimicking(模仿）theprivateeducation'svirtues.作者認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該讓公立學(xué)校模仿私立學(xué)校的好處，故選C。（6）推理判斷題。最后一段作者說了Governmentsshouldstopbehavingasthoughprivateeducationwereoneofthem.Itwill,rather,increasethechancesoffindingsolutions.因此作者的觀點(diǎn)是：政府應(yīng)該支持私立學(xué)校的發(fā)展以找到解決問題的辦法。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和詞義猜測題三種常考題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題讀題干回原文找細(xì)節(jié)；推理判斷題結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行正向或逆向推測；詞義猜測題結(jié)合上下句和本句推斷答案。7．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Newstudyshowsthatwhenteachersparticipateinatrainingprogramfocusedonprosocial(親社會的)classroombehavior,theirstudentsarebetterabletocontroltheiremotions,andthatchildrenwhocanregulateemotionsaremorelikelytobeacademicallysuccessful.

Forthestudy,whichappearsinPreventionScience,researcherslookedatmorethan100teachersand1,817studentsfromkindergartentothirdgradetoseeifteacherscouldsupportstudents'emotionalandbehavioralgrowththroughtheIncredibleYearsTeacherClassroomManagement(IYTCM)program.

Theprogramusesvideosandtrainingsessions,alongwithrole-playingandcoaching,tohelpteacherslearnmanagementskillssuchasusingbehavior-specificpraise,buildingpositiverelationshipswithstudents,andconsideringhowtoreducepoorbehavior.Teachersinthetraininggroupincreasedinteractionswithstudentsby64percentcomparedwith53percentforteachersinthecontrolgroupwithoutthetraining.

"Emotionalregulationistheabilitytorecognizewhatbehaviorisappropriateinthepresentsituation,"saysWendyReinke,professorintheCollegeofEducationattheUniversityofMissouri."Forexample,astudentmighthavedifficultycontrollingthefeelingofangerifheorshebecomesannoyedwithanotherstudent.Butunderthisprogram,theteacherencouragesthemtomovetoadifferentspotintheclassroom,effectivelyteachingthemthatsometimessteppingawayandtakingabreakisagoodwaytocalmdownandmanage8ha8feeling."

Afteroneschoolyearofusingtheprograminclassrooms,studentsimprovedtheirsocia