中考英語(yǔ)常用短語(yǔ)中考英語(yǔ)的考查中，短語(yǔ)的靈活運(yùn)用貫穿于完形填空、閱讀理解、書(shū)面表達(dá)等核心題型。扎實(shí)掌握核心短語(yǔ)，不僅能提升文本理解的精準(zhǔn)度，更能讓寫(xiě)作表達(dá)更地道流暢。本文結(jié)合中考考綱與歷年真題，按功能與結(jié)構(gòu)分類梳理常用短語(yǔ)，附實(shí)用例句與記憶建議，為考生構(gòu)建清晰的短語(yǔ)知識(shí)體系。一、核心動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作與狀態(tài)的精準(zhǔn)表達(dá)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是中考考查的重點(diǎn)，需關(guān)注“一詞多義”“短語(yǔ)活用”的特點(diǎn)（如完形填空中的“同根短語(yǔ)辨析”）。1.“put”系列短語(yǔ)puton：①（穿衣）Sheputonhercoatandrushedout.②（上演）Theschoolwillputonaplayabouttraditionalculture.③（增加）He’sputtingonweightaftertheholiday.putoff：推遲Don’tputoffyourhomeworktillthelastminute.putup：①?gòu)堎NPutupthenoticeonthebulletinboard.②搭建Theyputupatentbytheriver.③提供（住宿）Wecanputyouupforthenight.putaway：收起Putawayyourtoysbeforedinner.2.“take”系列短語(yǔ)takeoff：①（飛機(jī)）起飛Theplanewilltakeoffat8:30.②（脫掉）Takeoffyourshoesbeforeenteringthelab.③（事業(yè)）騰飛Hiscareertookoffafterwinningtheaward.takeup：①開(kāi)始從事Hetookuppaintingtorelax.②占據(jù)（時(shí)間/空間）Thenewdesktakesuptoomuchspace.takein：①吸收Plantstakeincarbondioxide.②理解Ican’ttakeinallthisinformationatonce.③欺騙Don’tbetakeninbyhislies.takeover：接管Shetookoverthefamilybusinessaftergraduation.3.“l(fā)ook”系列短語(yǔ)lookup：①（字典）查閱Lookupthewordinyourdictionary.②向上看Shelookedupandsawashootingstar.lookthrough：瀏覽Lookthroughthemagazinetofindthearticle.lookforwardto：期待（后接動(dòng)名詞）We’relookingforwardtomeetingyou.二、介詞與介詞短語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)境中的邏輯連接介詞短語(yǔ)?？疾椤肮潭ù钆?語(yǔ)境理解”，需關(guān)注介詞的隱含邏輯（如時(shí)間、方位、原因）。1.表時(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)intime：及時(shí)Wearrivedintimefortheconcert.ontime：按時(shí)Thetrainleavesontime.attimes：有時(shí)Attimes,Ifeellonelyinthisnewcity.fromtimetotime：偶爾Hevisitshisgrandparentsfromtimetotime.2.表方位的介詞短語(yǔ)infrontof：在…（外部）前面There’satreeinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof：在…（內(nèi)部）前面Shesatinthefrontofthebus.atthebackof：在…（內(nèi)部）后面Theteacherstoodatthebackoftheroom.nextto：緊鄰Thecaféisnexttothebookstore.3.表原因/目的的介詞短語(yǔ)becauseof：因?yàn)椋ê蠼用~/短語(yǔ)）Hewaslatebecauseoftheheavyrain.inorderto：為了（后接動(dòng)詞原形）Shestudieshardinordertopasstheexam.soasto：為了（后接動(dòng)詞原形，不用于句首）Heleftearlysoastocatchthebus.三、形容詞與名詞短語(yǔ)：描述與概念的生動(dòng)表達(dá)這類短語(yǔ)常出現(xiàn)在完形填空的“語(yǔ)境匹配”與寫(xiě)作的“細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)”中。1.形容詞短語(yǔ)beinterestedin：對(duì)…感興趣Moststudentsareinterestedinthenewsciencemuseum.begoodat：擅長(zhǎng)He’sgoodatplayingtheguitar.beafraidof：害怕Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakesinspeaking.beproudof：為…自豪Parentsareproudoftheirchildren’sprogress.2.名詞短語(yǔ)apieceof：一片/張/塊…apieceofbread/paper/advicealotof/lotsof：許多（可數(shù)/不可數(shù)）Therearealotofbooksinthelibrary.introuble：處于困境Hehelpedtheboyintrouble.inperson：親自Youshouldmeettheteacherinperson.四、高頻固定搭配：真題中的“得分密碼”結(jié)合近五年中考真題，提煉出高頻率考查的固定搭配，需重點(diǎn)記憶。1.動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞dealwith：處理Howdoyoudealwithstress?careabout：關(guān)心Hedoesn’tcareaboutothers’opinions.dependon：依賴Childrenshouldn’tdependonparentstoomuch.makeup：①編造Don’tmakeupstories.②組成Girlsmakeup60%oftheclass.2.介詞+名詞infact：事實(shí)上Infact,heisakindperson.onduty：值日Who’sondutytoday?atlast：最后Atlast,theysolvedtheproblem.bymistake：錯(cuò)誤地Itookherbookbymistake.3.其他固定結(jié)構(gòu)It’s+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.：It’simportantforustolearnEnglish.（for表事物屬性）It’skindofyoutohelpme.（of表人的品質(zhì)）spend...(in)doing/onsth.：Shespendsanhour(in)readingeveryday.Hespent50yuanonthebook.not...until...：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil11:00lastnight.記憶與運(yùn)用建議1.場(chǎng)景化記憶：將短語(yǔ)融入生活場(chǎng)景（如“puton”聯(lián)想“早上穿校服”，“l(fā)ookforwardto”聯(lián)想“期待周末旅行”），增強(qiáng)畫(huà)面感。2.真題溯源：整理歷年真題中出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)，標(biāo)注考查題型（完形/閱讀/寫(xiě)作），明確考查角度（詞義辨析/固定搭配）。3.仿寫(xiě)句子：針對(duì)