PartIDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesemakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.YoushouldwriteatleastYoushouldcopytheseDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebase1.A)ItisabsurdlyB)Itisappropriatelypriced.2.A)Theyneverreallyappealtoher.C)Theyarewithinstudents’budgeB)Theyareneveractuallygoodvalue.B)Thespace.4.A)Acompleterefurnishing.B)Aruinousburningdown.D)Amassiverenovation.Questions5to8arebasedon5.A)Theyhaveapoorworkethic.B)Theydon’tgetalongwithmanagers.6.A)LearningaboutthewaytheyadheretotheirB)Recognizinghowtheytrytostrikeawork-lifebalC)KnowinghowtheystruggletoconnectwithmD)Understandingthewaytheyseekcareeradvancem7.A)Intermsofthenumberofhoursspent.C)Intermsoftheworkdonein8hours.B)Bytheamountofworktheyperform.D)Bythequalityoftheworktheydo.8.A)Thosewhoseculturefacilitatestheiradvancement.Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthece9.A)TheymayunconsciouslyhelpcustomerschooseB)TheymayunintentionallyencouragecustomerstoeC)TheyraisecustomerD)Theyenablecustomerst10.A)ByinvitingthemtotastedifferB)Byobservingtheeatingbehaviourofstrictvegetarians.C)BycomparingparticipantseatingvegetarianfoodfrequentlywithtD)ByrequiringparticipantstochooseamealasiftheywerefeastingatafaB)TheyfindvegetariandishesbecomemoreapC)Theytendtoconsumelargerportionsofunhealthyfood.D)Theyarelesslikelytochoosedishesrecom12.A)TheyhavefoundasolutiontotheglobalB)TheyhavemanagedtofreezepollutingparticlestoarounC)TheyhavebeenseekingawaytopreventpollutantsfrompenetratD)Theyhavebeencooperatingcloselyondevelopinganewtypeofair-conditi13.A)Theycanbecostlyandinefficient.B)Theyareconstantlybeingperfected.14.A)Theykeeptheirwindowsclosed.C)TheyB)Theyspendalotmoretimeindoors.15.A)ItshowstheimportanceofeliminatingindoB)Itmaychangethewayoffutureenvironmentalresearch.C)ItdemonstratesthefruitfulcooperationbetweenUKandD)ItmaymakehouseholdappliancesserveanadditDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet1withasinglelinethoughthecentre.16.A)ItdistinguishesdiffB)ItreflectsdistincttraitsinanimalbehavioC)Itdemonstratesanimals’abilitytD)Itgaugesthelevelofintelligenceofvariousanimalspecies.17.A)ItmeetsfewofthebehaviouralcriteriasetintB)Itbehavessimilarlytoanimalscapableofself-recognition.C)Itremovesmarksfromitselftoshowself-awareness.D)Itmatcheschildrenove18.A)TheyhaveconclusivelyestablishedthecriteriaofaniB)Theyhaveadvancedtheconceptofself-awarenesstoahigherlevel.C)TheyincorporatemoreperspectivD)TheyraisemorequestionsthanQuestions19to21arB)BothparentsandchildrenpreferredtoreadelectronicbC)ParentsdifferedfromchildreninreadinD)Childrenreadingelectronicbookslearned20.A)Theycametoconflictingconclusions.C)ThB)Theywerebasedonsmallsamples.21.A)ThosethatprovesimpleenoughforthemtocB)ThosethatproducebothaudioandvisualeffeC)ThosethatdrawtheirattentiontotheeducatioD)ThosethatcontributetotheirincreasedinterestinQuestions22to25arebasedont22.A)Regrethavingwastedmuchtimeinmakingthem.C)KeepourselvesfrB)Thinkhowdifferentwecouldhavemadethem.D)Livewiththemfo23.A)Ithasmadeusthepersonwearenow.B)Ithasbeenmadewithalotofthinking.D)Itbenefitsusgreatlyonew24.A)Challengingthingstodo.B)Beautifulthingstoshare.25.A)Foreseeingthepossibilityforregretlater.C)PB)Makingproperuseofthelessonslearned.D)SeeingthemasobstaclestomovDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselecfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinmorethanonce.Wehumanslovetobelievewearespecial,butscienceandtechnologyhaverepeatedlyprovedthisconvictionwrong.People26thoughtthathumapropagateculture,butsciencehasshownthatotheranimalsdoeachofthesethinMeanwhile,technologyhasquashed(使無效),onebyone,claimsthat27tasksrequiThefirstaddingmachinewasbelievethemomentwhencomputersmeetand28humanintelligenceisonthehoriHowwillhumanintelligenceandcreativitybevaluedwhenmachinesbecomesmarterandmorecreativethanthebrightestpeople?Therewilllikelybeaspectrum.Insome29,peoplestillvaluehumansdoingthings,evenifacomputercandoitbetter.It’sbGarryKasparov,buthumanchecarewhetherthegraphic31amagazinearticlewasdrawnbyapersonoracomputer—threlevant,newandpeAnd,ofcourse,thisquestionisn’tblackorwluckyplace,butmostoftheworkisdonebycomputers,likeinmanufacturingtoday,where,muchoftheworkisaccomplishedbyrobots,butsomehumansmustbethereto34themachines.Ifhistoryisanyguide,it’salmostcertainthatadvancesworkerswithhuman-onlyskillswillbecomericherbutfewerinnumber,andthatthosewhoowncreativetechnologywillbecomethenewultra-ricA)accompanyingB)cognitiveC)domainsD)entertainingE)evokingF)hybridN)tentativG)impetusDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.A)Projects,relationships,andjobsdon’talwaysworkoutasplanned—andit’snoWe’veallrepeatedlyheardthesayingthat“quittersneveryourbossmakingyoumiserable.Manyofustrytoholdontothelastrayofhopwork,whatever“it”is.Aover-investinsomethingthaC)Asanexecutivecoach,Iworkwithnumerouspassionateandhard-workingleaderswhodon’twantto“quit.”ButthesmartestleaderslearntodiscernthedifferencebD)Weareallsusceptibletorealizethatwecan’tgetbacktheresourceswe’vegiven,sowepersevere—investinputdown,becausewe’realreadyhalfwaythroughit.Ifquittingis“notyourthisusceptibletothisbias.E)Thesunk-costdelusioncausesustooverlyworryaboutwhatwe’llcanmoreobjectivelyweighthealternatives.Askyourself:WhatmightIgainbycuttingmylossesnow?Willyoubehappierorhavetimeforanother(better)opportunitysoldieron?Forexample,isitpossilost?Orthatyouwon’thavetheenergytocapitalizeonotherpromisingF)Theillusionofcontrolcanalsointerferewithourbestjudgment,leadingustooverestimateourabilitytocontroleventsandattainapositihealth.However,thebiascanalsoresultinescalatingcommitmenttwhencombinedwithan“I’mnotaquitter”mentality,feelinglikewpersonthanwedoputsusatriskofdoublingdownwhenweshouldpullout.G)Tocounteractthisbias,consideryoursituatandwhat’snot.Thinkrigorously.Whileyoumaybeablyoucan’tforcethemtochH)Gettingclearonwhatyoucancontrolandwhatyoucan’tisessentialtomakingaqualitydecisionaboutcontrolandbetterassesswhetheryourcontinuedeffortsareworthtonthingsyoucan’tcontrolcanbebothdraininganddisempowI)Researchindicatesthatpeoplelinktheirself-identityandsocialstatustotheircoidentifywithourcommitments,withdrawingdesignprojectthatwasn’tdeliveringtheneededoutcomes,butthethoughtofabandoningitafterallscloudingherjudgmentandlimitingherchoicesforaction.K)Ourself-conceptandidentityarementalconceptsthatinfbeingaquitter,youcanendupstayingstuckinToovercomethiskindofinternalobstacle,recallyourotherpositivetraitsandpersonalitycharacteristics.Askyourself:WhatadditionalstrengthsdoIhave(oraspiretohave)thatwouldbehForexample,whenIaskedRyanwhatotherpositivequalitiesfromherdecisionmaking,shereplied,“Discernmentandbravery.”L)Now,examineyoursituationthroughthelensofeachofthepartofyousay?Thebravepart?Consideringyourdecisionthroughthesedifferentcharacteristicswillenableyoutoseethatyouhavemorelyingsolelyonyourthinkingandinstincts.Butit’simportanttotoshutdownyourentrepreneurialbusinesspartner.Similarly,ifyou’reloofyourrelationshipinsteadofrelyingonlyonyourbestfriend.Inallcases,Irecommenddescribingyoursituationandfollowingupwithaquestionlike:“Howwouldyoumanagethissituation?”N)Alternately,youcouldalsoseekoutharddatathatilluminatesyourrealchanceofsuccessinwhateverendeavoryouarecontemplating.Stickingwiththeexampleoftheentrepreneurialventure,numbersareyobestfriend.Usethemtoremoveyourselffromtheloveyouhaveforthisideaandconsideryorelativetogrowthplan,industrygrowthrates,andotherfactorsthatpredictofinformationcanhelpyouseeanglesandpossibilitiesyoumightnothaveconsidered.O)Whensomethingthatseemedsopromisingattheoverlyself-critical.Nobodylikestofeelthatthey’vdecisionsisaqualityyPracticingself-compassionincreasesyourresilience(韌性),emotionalintelligence,compassiontowardothers,andcanboostyourperformanceaswellashelpyoudevelopagP)Insteadofdeliberatingandcriticizexample,Ryanrecognizedshehaddevelopedvariousnewskillsandlewhattheexperiencetaughther.Q)Undeniably,perseverancecanhelpussucceed.Butforyourwellbeing,it’simportanttolearnhowtodistinguishquittingtoosoonandclingingtoalosingcofreeupyourtime,energy,andmentalspacetoimaginenewpossibili36.Feelingliketheyhavemorecontroloversomethingorsomtheirpursuitwhentheyshouldgive37.Ifyouregardyourselfasonewhoneverquits,youmayenduptrappedinyourcourseofaction.38.Oneoftheauthor’sclientsfoundithardtogiveupade39.Theauthorsuggeststhatoneshoulddirecttheir40.Whenmakingadecision,you’dbetteraskforopinionsofthosewhohavelessstake41.Forpeopleassociatingtheiridentitywiththeircommitments,quittingcanfeelliketheiridentityisthreatened.42.Peoplewhoregardhighlythequalityofmakingwisedecisionsdonotfeelgoodwhentheymak43.Thewisestleaderslearntodistinguishbetweengivinguptoo44.Whenpeoplearethinkingofanendeavor,theyshoulddigoutreliabled45.Havingaclearviewofwhat’sinyourcontrolanDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughQuestions46to50arAsinterdependentbeingswecannotthriveindependentofothers.Weliketoworkwithpeoplevidentinhowwehaveorganisedourselvesintovariouscollorganisations,andfamDoesthegroupyoubelongtohaveastrongcollectiveconsciousnessorsharedbeliefs?Isthereinterdependenceamongitsmembers?Doyouconsiderthisgroupasignificantpartofyourexistence?Ifyouranswersareaffirmative,thenyouareexperiencingamicroversionofsolidWhatissolidarity?Itssimplestdefinitioninthedictionaryis:“...aunifyingopinion,feeling,purposeorinterestamongagroupofpeople.”itformsbondsofinterdependenceamonguniqueindividualslwithinacomplexdivisionoflabour.Onefacetofsolidarityfitswellwiththeprinciplesofcommunitarianism(社群主義).Inthissetting,individualsgiveuptheirownintereststoservethecommongood.However,itsstrictadherencetosocialcohesivenessandexclusivenessrestrictsexpressionandpracticeofindividualdifferencesandpreferences.Consequently,individualityandautonomyissacrificedtomaintaintheungoesagainsttheliberalideaofunrestrictedindividualswhoseesocietyasahinchoicesandtoactaccordingtowhatisgoodforthemregardlessofhowthesButdespiteitsmanyfacets,socialtheoristshaveviewedsolidarityasakeyfactorinbringingaboutorderandprogressinsociety.Theybelievethatforhumansocietytosurviveasitbecomesmorediverse,morenewbondsneedtobeformedbasedonthedifferences.Inthelightofthis,theyregardagenuinesolidarityasmorethanjustshallowrelationshipsbasedoncommoninterests.Solidarityisnotjustaproductofstrategiccalculationsofhowmuchitwillbenefittheself.Itisnotanexclusiveclassfoundedontheyou-and-me-against-the-worldprinciple.Rather,itisinclusiveandisnotforced.Actingoutofsolidaritymeanssupportingandstandingupforeachother—inrecognitionthatone’sfateisinthefateoftheother.Itisabondcharacterisedbycooperativepracticesandstrengthenedbytheconcernforthewell-beingofothersorthecommongood.Itfightsfortheprotectionofhumandignityandlistenstoandactsonthecriesofthemostvulnerable.46.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouthumanA)TheycannotprosperwithoutcooperatingwitheachoB)TheyshareacommoninterestandbelieveC)TheythinkandbehavealikeiD)Theycannotgainindependencewithout47.WhatdowelearnaboutsolidarityinaA)Itgivesrisetoacomplicateddivisionoflabour.B)ItinvolvesmanyaspectswithgreatcomplexC)ItbringsindividualstogetherasenvironmentD)Itembracesthecharacteristicsofdifferentindividuals.48.Whatwouldwewitnessinthesettingofcommunitarianism?A)Rulingofsocialnormsandriddingofindividuality.B)EmphasisontheadherencetoindividualdiffC)Sacrificeofpersonalinterestsforthecommongood.D)Eliminationofindividualismandpersonalchoices.49.WhatdoessolidarityentailaccordingtothepA)Alimittopersonaldifferences.C)AhindranceB)Anoppositiontoindividualism.D)Aninevitableendt50.WhatdosocialtheoriststhinkofsolidaritA)Itisespeciallyrelevanttothemostvulnerable.Questions51to55arPeoplewhorepeatedlygiveunwantedadvicecanbewell-meaningandgenuinelywanttohelp.Othdothisoutofasenseofself-wortharoundtheabilitytointendencytoseekpowerweremorelikelytogiveadvicethanthosewithanoUndertheguise(外表)ofunselfishness,peoplemaybedriventogiveyouunwantedadvicebecauseitmakesthemfeelpowerfulorincontrol.Theymaynotbefullyawareofthisdrive,hThesepeoplemayalsodisplayaproblematicdegreeofemotionalvulnerability,becomingupsetveryquickly,andtakingalongtimetocalmdown.ItisposswhentheywereattheirlouWhensomeoneisgivingadviceinordertomakethemselvesfeelmorepowerftotheirbehaviorthatrecipientsoftheadvicetendtonotice.Itcanbetemptinginthitotheadvicegiverandtoaccusethemofbeingmanipulative,butthisapproaIftheactofgivingadviceiscontributingactivelyrejectionmaybeperceivedasathreat,activatingtheirfight-or-flightresponse,possiblycausingdownontheirvalidation-seekingbehavior,orleadingtoalaThekeyistovalidatewithoutover-identifying.Youcanletthemknowthatyouhaveheardthemandappreciatewheretheyarecomingfromwithouttakingonthepotentiallydamagingnarrativethatyhavegottenbywithouttheirhelp.Youhadbetterforhandlingthis,butIreallyappreciateyourperspectiveandwilltakeitintoconsiderwhenIneedhelpinthefuture?”Ifyouhav