2025-2026學(xué)年外研版高二英語上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測試卷（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.難度系數(shù)：0.65。4.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）雙擊播放聽力聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話讀兩遍。1.Whatwillthewomandoat9p.m.?A．Meettheman. B．Dothedishes. C．Havedinner.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A．checkingtheweather. B．Planningaholiday. C．Changingaplan.3.Whyisthemanlate?A．Hiscarbrokedown. B．Hemissedthebus. C．Thetrafficwasheavy.4.Whydidthemanreturnthebook?A．Hethoughtitboring. B．Hegotthewrongone. C．Hefoundacheaperone.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Atahospital. B．Athome. C．Ataschool.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatprogramdidthewomanwatchlastnight?A．Thetalentshow.B．Thecookeryprogram.C．Thewildanimaldocumentary.7．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthewildanimaldocumentary?A．Boring. B．Terrible. C．Good.聽下面一段長對話，回答以下小題。8．Whichplacedothespeakersprefer?A．Thesupermarket. B．Themalldowntown. C．Theclothingstore.9．Whatwillthespeakersdoaftershopping?A．Buyaposter. B．Takeaclass. C．Haveadrink.聽下面一段長對話，回答以下小題。10．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A．Teacherandstudent. B．Bossandemployee. C．Formerclassmates.11．Whatdidthemanthinkofthepresentation?A．Itwasabitlong. B．Itwaswell-organized. C．Itwashardtounderstand.12．Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A．Prepareforameeting. B．Havelunchwiththeman. C．Gobacktoheroffice.聽下面一段長對話，回答以下小題。13．Howoftendoesthenumber87busrunonschedule?A．Every5minutes. B．Every25minutes. C．Every30minutes.14．Whatdoesthewomanhurrytodo?A．Attendameeting. B．Havehercarrepaired. C．Dinewithafriend.15．Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutlivinghere?A．Thetransportation. B．Theenvironment. C．Thecostofliving.16．HowwillthemangotoMainStreet?A．Bybus. B．Bytaxi. C．Bycar.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17．Wherearetheteachersofthecampfrom?A．Acollege. B．Anotherclub. C．Amiddleschool.18．Whatwillthecampersdoonthelastday?A．Watchashow.B．Enjoyaconcert.C．Takepartinfunnyactivities.19．Whoisthecampopento?A．Allmusicstudents. B．Allcollegestudents. C．Allhighschoolstudents.20．Whydoesthespeakergivethespeech?A．Totellstudentsafewcamps.B．Toencouragestudentstolearnmusic.C．Tocallonstudentstoattendamusiccamp.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AMake2025onetorememberwiththeseimpressivetrips,puttingfairytalecastles,culturalexchangeandslowtravelfrontandcenter.EuropeonrailsWithfurtherexpansionoftheGoodNightTrainnetwork,familieswillbeabletohopcentralEuropeanrailjourneyallthewaytoPrague.Startwithchocolate-tastinginBelgium’scapital,beforemuseum-hoppinginDresdenandBerlin,walkingthroughtherockyhillsanddeepvalleysofSaxonSwitzerlandNationalParkandtouringPrague’scastle.MOREINFO:GoodNightTrainBrusselstoPrague,sleeperberthsfortwoadultsandtwochildren,from€406(￡342),oneway,Greekisland-hoppingOlympicHolidays’nine-nightitinerarygivesfamiliesanexcitingwaytoexploreGreece.TouriststakeaboatthroughtheDodecaneseislandsofRhodes,SymiandKos,wanderingbetweenshallowharbors,ancienttemplesandfriendlysmallvillages.MOREINFO:From￡1,350perpersonbasedontwoadultsandtwochildrentravelling,withaccommodation,transfersandflights.AnintrotoLatinAmericaLesswell-knownthanMexicobutwithjustasmuchtoofferfamilies,GuatemalaisanexcitingintroductiontoLatinAmerica.StubbornMule’snewtwo-weekRestofGuatemalafamilyitineraryincludesbouncingtoLatinAmericaandatouroftheMayanruinsatTikal.KidsalsogetthechancetocookpizzaontopofPacayavolcano.MOREINFO:From￡4,250perpersonforafamilyoffour,includingflights,B&Baccommodation,domestictravelandactivities.AncienttreasuresinEgyptWithCairo’sGrandEgyptianMuseumexpectedtoopenafteryearsofdelay,bringingtogethernearly3,000-oddartefactsfromTutankhamun’stomb,nowisthetimeforhistorybuffstotakeatriptoEgypt.Explore’snewEgyptianFamilyAdventureincludestimeinCairoaswellasNilesailingandRedSeadiving.MOREINFO:From￡1,550peradult,￡1,162perchildaged9to16,includingaccommodation,somemeals,transfersandactivities,butnotflights.explore.co.uk21．Whatcanbedoneduringthe“Europeonrails”trip?A．Tourfamoustrains. B．Hikeinthemountains.C．Visitancienttemples. D．Tastechocolateinacastle.22．WhichwebsitewillafanofMayancultureclick?A． B．C．explore.co.uk D．23．Whatdothefourtourshaveincommon?A．Theyfeaturemuseumvisits. B．Theycoverflightexpense.C．Theyaredesignedforfamilies. D．Theyarecenteredonhistory.BChrisHutsonneverthoughtthecostumeshemadewouldlastbeyondagame,letaloneforhalfacentury.OntheeveofBigGame1975,Hutson,withherfriendJanKrausWolfe,stayedupallnighttocraftacostumewiththreepacksofredconstructionpaper,adivingmask,aStyrofoamconeandotherrandomsupplies.ThatcostumebecamethefirstStanfordTree.Thetreemascotideastartedtwoweeksearlierwiththeschoolband.Theywantedtomakefunofmascots,asStanford’sold“Indian”mascothadendedin1972.Avoteonanewonewascoming,and“RobberBaron”wastheonlyfavorite.Thebandwantedtheirowncandidate,soseniorsBobTiffanyandEricStrandberghadasillyideaonadrivetoaUSCgame:atree—somethingimmovablebuteverywhere—wouldbethemostfunnymascot.Theschoolbandplannedasimpleshowforthegame’sbreak,butHutsonheardaboutitandwantedtomakeamorelivelymascot.Shethought“RobberBaron”wasaninsulttoStanford’shistoryandbelievedatreewashonestandstraight.Shealsoloveddancing.“I’mapersonwhereIhearthemusic,Iwanttodance,”shesays.Hutson’sfirstappearanceastheTreesurprisedthebandbutdidn’tshockStanford.Later,studentsvotedfor“RobberBaron”,buttheschoolpaidnoattentiontothat.TheTreecameinthird.Evenso,Hutsonaskedtocomeback.TheBandwasgame.ShethenpassedthecostumetobandmemberRobertSiegel,ensuringtheTreeendured.Now,50yearshavepassed,and47peoplehaveplayedtheTree.IthasbecomeanimportantpartofStanford’sculture,eventhoughtheTreeisnotanofficialmascot.24．WhatisthefirstStanfordTree?A．Agiftfromtheband. B．ApaintingbyWolfe.C．Arealtreerootedoncampus. D．AcostumecreatedbyHutson.25．Whydidtheschoolbandmakethetreemascot?A．Tojokeaboutmascots. B．Tofollowschoolrules.C．Tohonorschool’shistory. D．Towinthestudents’votes.26．Whatdoes“TheBandwasgame”inthelastparagraphmean?A．TheBandagreed. B．TheBandsaidno.C．TheBandfeltbusy. D．TheBandfeltscared.27．WhatcanweknowabouttheStanfordTree?A．Itservedasanofficialmascot.B．Itfailedtowinstudents’support.C．Itcametoanendafter5decades.D．Itwasmadefromnewsupplies.CWhenIaskedmy15-year-oldcousinaboutheridealoccupation,shegavemeanunusualanswer,sayingthatshedreamsofbecominganonlinecelebrity,whichremindedmeofanewgirlbandcalled“Sunshine”.TheseteenshavequicklygotanillfameacrossChinabecauseoftheir“unattractive”and“fat”appearanceandlaughablybadsingingskills.Butratherthanwitherattheoffencecomingfromtheir430,000followersonWeibo,theyseemtobloomonthecriticism.AndfollowingSunshine’sexplosion,numerousnewbandslike“PowerGirls”and“Love-wings”starringaverage-lookingadolescentgirlsstartedpoppinguponpeople’smobiles.Lotsofordinary,disadvantagedChineseteenswithnoskillsbutbigdreamshavelookedtounlikelyrolemodelssuchastheSunshinegirlsasproofthatallittakesisalittleself-confidencetogetyournameintheheadlines.It’sincredibletowitnesssomanyyoungChinesegirlsmakespectaclesofthemselvesonlineinadesperateattempttostandoutfromthousandsofpotentialstars.Thiskindofgrassrootsself-promotionisfantasticforChineseyouthwhomaynototherwisehaveanyopportunitiesorprivilegestobeoutstandinginChina’scompetitivesociety,butforthosewell-educatedkids,thereisarisingconcernamongparentsthatsocialnetworkingisdistractingthemfromacademics.Sadly,theseso-calledstarsquicklydisappearfrompeople’sattentiononceanewbandpopsup.Besides,theyarelikelytoleavebehindtheonlinerecordoftheirridiculousandsometimesscandalousbehavior.Prospectiveemployersandevenpotentialhusbandsorwiveswilleventuallyseethesephotosandvideos,whichcouldaffecttheirfutures.Thegoodnewsisthat,intoday’sInternetage,fameandfortuneareeasilyattainableforotherwiseunqualifiedkids,butthebadnewsisthattheirnarcissistic(自戀的)addictionstosocialmediawillinterferewithlearningknowledgeandreal-lifeskills,leavinganentiregenerationofwiredyouthwithabsolutelynootheralternativeoncetheironlinefollowersforgetaboutthem.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wither”inparagraph1mean?A．Fade. B．Succeed. C．Tease. D．Please.29．Whydoestheriseofonlinecelebritiesfascinatetheyouth?A．Becauseitpromotestheyouth’sself-confidence.B．Becausetheypossesscertainperformanceskills.C．Becausetheytendtoignoretheiracademicstudies.D．Becauseitpresentsapotentialpathtosuccess.30．Whatchallengesmighttheseso-calledstarsface?A．Theymightfaceincreasedacademicpressure.B．Theirfuturepotentialmightbedamaged.C．Theymightgettiredofpublicattention.D．Theirfutureemployersmightlaughatthem.31．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Changedoesnothappenovertime. B．Beingqualifiedensuressuccess.C．Trendscanpromotelearning. D．Addictionaffectsageneration.DAfamoustravelwriter,PicoIyer,recentlywroteofhisexperienceinthedeepsouthoftheworld.Thevisit,hesaid,“awakensyoutotheenvironmentalconcernsoftheworld,andyougohomewithimportantquestionsforyourconscienceaswellasbrilliantmemories”.Iyerisn’talone.Thisresponseiswidespread,knownintheindustryasAntarcticambassadorship.InAntarctica,crowding,environmentalimpactandemissionsarethemostpressingissues.While100,000touristsayearistinybyglobaltourismstandards,visitsareconcentratedinhighlysensitiveecologicalareasforafewmonthsperyear.Therearenoresidentstodisturb(otherthanlocalwildlife),becausethere’snohostcommunitytoprotestifvisitornumbersgettoohigh.Evenso,strongprotectionsareinplace.AccordingtotheAntarcticTreatySystem—thesetofinternationalagreementssignedbycountrieswithanAntarcticpresenceoraninterest—tourismoperatorsbasedinthosenationshavetoapplyforpermitsandfollowstrictenvironmentalregulations.Forinstance,toavoidintroducingnewspecies,touristshavetofollowrulessuchasdisinfecting(消毒)theirbootsandvacuumingtheirpocketsbeforesettingfootontheice,andkeepingasetdistancefromwildlife.AlmostallAntarcticcruiseshipownersbelongtotheInternationalAssociationofAntarcticaTourOperators,themainbodythatmanagesAntarctictourism.Forthefirsttimethisyear,operatorshavetoreporttheiroverallfuelconsumptionaspartofIAATO’seffortstomaketheindustrymoreclimate-friendly.Someoperatorsarenowusinghybridshipsthatcanrunpartlyonelectricdriveforshortperiods,reducingcarbondioxideemissions.Ifyou’reoneofthetouristsgoingtoAntarcticathissummer,enjoytheexperience—butgowithcare.Beawarethatnotripsouthcomeswithoutenvironmentalcostandusethisknowledgetomakeclear-eyeddecisionsaboutyouractivitiesbothinAntarcticaandonceyou’resafelybackhome.32．What’sthefunctionofparagraph1?A．TointroducethefamouswriterPicoIyer.B．ToshowhowamazingtobeAntarcticAmbassador.C．ToarousepublicinterestinAntarctictourism.D．ToshowconcernsforAntarcticenvironment.33．What’sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“vacuuming”inparagraph4?A．Protecting. B．Emptying. C．Polluting. D．Filling.34．Whatcanwelearnabouttheoperatorthisyear?A．Theyneedn’treportoverallfuelassumption.B．Theymadenoefforttobeclimate-friendly.C．HybridshipsareagoodchoicetoreduceCO?.D．Polartravelcanbestoppedrightawaybythecompany.35．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsAntarctictourism?A．Positive. B．Skeptical. C．Negative. D．Unconcerned.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Painisanunavoidablepartoflifethatweallexperienceatsomepointinourlives.Itcomesinvariousforms:physical,emotional,psychologicalorspiritual,anditcanbeannoyingandmiserable.36Thisstep-by-stepguidewillshowyouhowtoharnessthepowerofpainforpersonalgrowth.Step1:AcknowledgeYourPainThefirststeptowardsharnessingthepowerofpainisacknowledgingit.Ifyoudenyyourpainorpretendthatitdoesnotexist,youwillneverbeabletolearnfromit.Youmustembraceyourpainandacceptthehurtanddiscomfortthatcomeswithit.Donotshyawayfromyourfeelingsornumbthemwithalcoholorotherdistractions.Step2:UnderstandtheSourceofYourPain37Identifywhatbringsaboutyournegativeemotionsandunderstandwhytheydoso.Askyourselfquestionslike“Whatmakesmefeelhurt?”“WhatdoIfearlosing?”“Whataremyinsecurities?”.Byunderstandingwhatcontributestoournegativeemotions,wecanbeginworkingonlettinggoandfindmeaninginoursuffering.Step3:LearnfromYourPainEachpainfuleventweencounterhaslessonswithinthemthatcanhelpusgrowasindividuals.38Makesureyoutakenotessoasnottoforgettheselessonswhentimesarelighterbecausefallbacktooldpatternsisveryeasytodo.Step4:39Holdingontopaincanbementallyandphysicallyexhausting.Therefore,itiscrucialtoseeksupportfromfriends,familyoratrustedtherapistifnecessary.Havingasupportsysteminplacecanhelpyouprocessyourpainbetterandfacilitatepersonaldevelopment.40Othersprefersharingwithfriendswhohavegonethroughsimilarexperiencesorseekingcommunitygroups.Byfollowingthesestepsaboveconsistentlyovertime,youwillstartseeingsignificantprogressinyourpersonalgrowthwhilealsounderstandingandappreciatingvirtuallyeverythingthatcomesyourway—bothpositiveandnegative—asanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutyourself.A．Changeyourperspectiveandseechallengesasopportunitiesratherthanobstacles.B．Somepreferprofessionalhelpthroughtherapyorcoaching.C．However,painisapowerfultoolthatcanbeusedforpersonaldevelopment.D．Rememberalwaystocomebacktostepone,ifsomethinghasbeenchallenging.E．Itisessentialtoidentifythesourceofyourpainbeforemovingontoanyfurthersteps.F．SeekSupportG．Holdontopain.第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Socialmediagetsabadreputationformanythings.Wearealwaysfloodedwiththe41:theperfect-lookinggirlsittingonabeachinBali.Buthere’sthething:IhadneverseenagirlinawheelchaironabeachinBaliinmyfriend42.Oneday,Isawashortvideoaboutwomeninwheelchairslivingtheir43lives,havingchildren,startingbusinesses.Thiswaslikeawholenew44tome.Evenifitmightyearsago,Ihadbeenabletoseethatotherwomeninthesame45livedtheirlivestothefullest,Iwouldhaveamorepeacefulandcentredperceptionofmy46fromanearlierage.47,theshort-videocreatorgotit.Iwasn’tasaloneinmyexperiencesasIoncethought.Ifelt48.Then,inthebodypositivemovement,Isawwomenofdifferent49thatwerenotondiets,whoinstead50thefactthattheirbodieswerehere.Before51thebodypositivemovement,myhateformybodyissomethingthatIcouldsoeasily52andIcouldletmyselffallintoit.Iusedtohatemywheelchairandregarditasa(n)53,butoneofmyfriendswhowasalsoinawheelchair54,“Yourwheelchairisyourbestfriend,Maisie.”NowIfeelmuchmoreat55withmylife,mybody,andmysituation.41．A．a(chǎn)ccidents B．memories C．truth D．image42．A．circle B．chart C．gathering D．request43．A．common B．successful C．evident D．challenging44．A．school B．background C．world D．position45．A．nation B．situation C．rank D．field46．A．status B．wealth C．disability D．family47．A．Thankfully B．Normally C．Suddenly D．Strangely48．A．a(chǎn)mused B．moved C．unclear D．understood49．A．a(chǎn)ges B．shapes C．heights D．styles50．A．denied B．discussed C．changed D．a(chǎn)ccepted51．A．trying B．working C．changing D．a(chǎn)ssessing52．A．relateto B．breakout C．dealwith D．reflecton53．A．facility B．tool C．enemy D．routine54．A．a(chǎn)dmitted B．shocked C．a(chǎn)dded D．a(chǎn)rgued55．A．peace B．rest C．war D．work第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或所給單詞的正確形式。Lu(鹵)frequentlyfindsitswayinChinesedishes.It56(original)meantsaltedwaterusedformeatthat’sboiled,andthenservedcold,andforvegetables.“SaltisthecoreofLu,even57(important)thanspices.Spicescanaddapleasantsmellorremovesomesmells,58itisthesaltthatiscrucialtotheflavour,”saysCaoYu,afoodwriteratJinanUniversity.Theearliest59(preserve)recipesformakingLudatebacktoQiminYaoshu,anancientChineseagriculturaltextwritteninthe5thcentury.CaobelievestheLuweknowtodayemergedaroundtheMingDynasty,60privateagriculturalbusinessesandfoodmarketssprangupinChina.61(attract)customers,thesebusinessesbeganintroducingnewflavourstoLubyaddingspices.Andtheythenusedittoseasoncookedmeatsandvegetablesthat62(sell)coldfortakeaway.Inthecenturiessincethen,Luhasbeendiversified,63(take)onthecharacteristicsofeachofChina’sregionalcuisines.Forexample,inSichuanProvince,thefragrantpeppercornisputintoLutoaddflavourandintensity.SomeLuisevenalcoholic:Zaoluis64lightonemadefromthefermented(發(fā)酵的)rice65(remain)frommakingChineseyellowwine.Itisusedacrosssouth-easternChinatoseasonvegetables.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）66.假定你是李華，你的外國朋友Peter對中國文化很感興趣，來信請你給他推薦一門中國文化興趣班課程，請你用英文給他回一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．推薦課程；2．推薦理由。注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearPeter,Nicetoreceiveyouremail.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）67.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。IclosedthecardoorsohardwithmybackpackpoundingagainstmybackasIwalkedintothewoods.“Youdon’tgetit!”Ihadscreamedatmydad10minutesearlier.Hefoundmymathtest,witha“62”.“Whycan’tyoujustleavemealone?”Ishouted.Thepathwasfamiliar.Ihadhikeditahundredtimeswithmymombeforeshegotsick.Now,thetreesthatusedtofeellikeahugpressedintooclose,andtherustleofleavessoundedlikejudgment.Sincemom’schemotherapystarted,myfocushadbeendivided.Iskippedhomeworktositwithher,zonedoutinclassworryingifshe’dpullthrough,andwhenthetestcame,Ifroze.Insteadoftellingdadthetruth,IliedandsaidI“didn’tstudy”.Hehadexploded,callingmelazy.Ikeptwalking,fasterandfaster,untilthepathdisappearedintounderbrush.AngerturnedtopanicwhenIrealizedIwaslost.Thesunsetbelowthemountains,paintingtheskypinkandorange,andacoldwindpickedup.Ipulledmyjackettight,mythroatburning.Momusedtosay,“Toughmomentsaredetours,notdeadroads.”Butrightthen,itfeltlikeIhadhitawall.Isliddownatreetrunkandhuggedmyknees,tearsmixingwiththedirtonmycheeks.That’swhenIheardasoftcry.Iliftedmyhead,heartracing,andsawalittlegoldendogstuckinthethorns.Itspawwasbleeding.Itfrozewhenitsawme,butasIwalkedcloser,itleanedonmyhand.Ifreeditfromthethornscarefully.BythetimeIfinished,thedogwasrestingbesideme,andthepanicinmychestsettledintosomethingsofter—determination.Ihadtogetusbothout.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Ipulledoutmyphone,buttherewasnosignal.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Withlightcuttingthroughthedarkness,afamiliarvoicecalledmyname.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________