非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“不能作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式”，核心有

三類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞不定式(to

do)、動(dòng)名詞(doing)、分詞(doing/

過(guò)去分詞)。一、動(dòng)詞不定式1.

基本形式肯定：

to＋動(dòng)詞原形(to是符號(hào)，無(wú)含義)否定：

not＋(to)＋動(dòng)詞原形(to可省的情況，否定時(shí)

not放前面)2.

五大句法功能功

能用法示例作

主

語(yǔ)①直接作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)

用單數(shù)；②長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)用“it作形

式主語(yǔ)，

to

do放句

末”①To

see

is

to

believe.百聞

不如一見(jiàn)。②It

is

difficult

for

them

to

finish

the

work.對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，兩天內(nèi)完成工

作很難。功

能用法示例作

表

語(yǔ)放在be動(dòng)詞后，說(shuō)

明主語(yǔ)“是什么/要做

什么”Your

task

is

to

find

out

the

information.你的任務(wù)是查明信息。功

能用法示例作

賓

語(yǔ)跟在“想要/決定/希

望”類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后(如

want，

decide，

wish，

plan，

would

like)I

wish

to

visit

Mars

one

day.我希望有一天去火星。功

能用法示例作

賓

語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

足

語(yǔ)①跟在“告訴/允許/

鼓勵(lì)”類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后(如

tell，

ask，

allow，

encourage)，結(jié)構(gòu)

“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋to

do”；①M(fèi)y

teacher

encourages

me

to

speak

English.老師鼓勵(lì)我多說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。②He

made

me

laugh.(主

動(dòng)，省to)→I

was

made

to

laugh.(被

動(dòng)，加to)功

能用法示例作

賓

語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

足

語(yǔ)②“一感二聽(tīng)三讓四

看”后省to(變被動(dòng)要

加to)①M(fèi)y

teacher

encourages

me

to

speak

English.老師鼓勵(lì)我多說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。②He

made

me

laugh.(主

動(dòng)，省to)→I

was

made

to

laugh.(被

動(dòng)，加to)功

能用法示例作

定

語(yǔ)后置(放在被修飾的名

詞后)；不及物動(dòng)詞作

定語(yǔ)，需加介詞①There

are

books

to

read.有

書(shū)可讀。②There

is

nothing

to

worry

about.沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。(worry是

不及物，加about)功

能用法示例作

狀

語(yǔ)常表目的、原因、結(jié)

果We

arrived

early

to

get

good

seats.為了占好座，我們到得早。

(表目的)二、動(dòng)名詞1.

基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形＋-ing(和現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，區(qū)

別看功能：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞

作狀語(yǔ)/補(bǔ)語(yǔ))功能用法示例作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Reading

books

helps

me

open

my

eyes.讀書(shū)幫助我開(kāi)闊眼界。2.

句法功能功能用法示例作賓語(yǔ)跟在固定動(dòng)詞/短

語(yǔ)后The

sisters

practice

playing

the

violin.姐妹倆練習(xí)拉小提琴。作表語(yǔ)放在be動(dòng)詞后，

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什

么(愛(ài)好/職業(yè)

等)”My

father’s

hobby

is

planting

flowers.我爸爸的愛(ài)好是種花。功能用法示例作定語(yǔ)前置(放在被修飾

的名詞前)，表

“用途”He

bought

a

washing

machine.他買(mǎi)了臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)。(washing

表“用來(lái)洗的”)3.

常以動(dòng)名詞為賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞用

法finish完成

consider考慮practice練習(xí)

suggest建議enjoy喜歡 miss

錯(cuò)過(guò)mind介意avoid

避免consider考慮

escape逃避look

forward

to

期待keep

on繼續(xù)give

up放棄spend...(in)花

費(fèi)……(在)……上have

fun做……有樂(lè)趣have

trouble/problem

(in)做……有困難pay

attention

to注意can’t

help

忍不住be

worth

值得be

busy忙于feel

like

想要be

used

to習(xí)慣于...示

例①I(mǎi)

finished

reading

the

book.我把那本書(shū)看完了。②He

is

busy

making

a

model

plane.他一直忙于制作

模型飛機(jī)。

動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)記憶口訣：放棄(give

up)練習(xí)(practice)想考慮(consider)，

完成(finish)建議(suggest)別逃避(escape)。喜歡(enjoy)期待(look

forward

to)忍不住(can’t

help)，

錯(cuò)過(guò)(miss)介意(mind)要避免(avoid)。值得(be

worth)忙于(be

busy)習(xí)慣(be

used

to)了，

花費(fèi)(spend)樂(lè)趣(have

fun)有困難(have

trouble)。注意(pay

attention

to)繼續(xù)(keep

on)想要(feel

like)做，

這些動(dòng)詞記心間，后面-ing跟著走！三、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞doing/過(guò)去分詞done)1.

核心區(qū)別：

doing表“主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行”；

done表“被

動(dòng)、完成”分詞類(lèi)型含義示例現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)(主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作發(fā)

出者)、進(jìn)行(動(dòng)作

正在發(fā)生)a

crying

cat正在叫的貓(貓主

動(dòng)叫)；a

developing

country發(fā)展中

國(guó)家(正在發(fā)展)分詞類(lèi)型含義示例過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)(主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作承

受者)、完成(動(dòng)作

已發(fā)生)a

broken

window破碎的窗戶(hù)

(窗戶(hù)被打碎)；a

developed

country發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)

家(已發(fā)展完成)2.

用法(重點(diǎn)記“作定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”)(1)作定語(yǔ)(修飾名詞)現(xiàn)在分詞：后置表“正在進(jìn)行”，可換成定語(yǔ)從

句(which

is

doing)例：

The

girl

dancing

under

the

tree

is

my

sister.→The

girl

who

is

dancing

under

the

tree

is

my

sister.樹(shù)下跳舞的女孩是我妹妹。過(guò)去分詞：后置表“被動(dòng)/完成”，可換成定語(yǔ)從

句(which

was/were

done)例：

The

desk

broken

yesterday

has

been

repaired.→The

desk

which

was

broken

yesterday

has

been

repaired.昨天壞了的桌子修好了。(2)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))補(bǔ)語(yǔ)類(lèi)型用法示例主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)

后，補(bǔ)充

說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)

的狀態(tài)①The

boy

was

seen

playing

football

on

the

playground.那個(gè)男孩被看見(jiàn)在操場(chǎng)踢足球。

(playing

football補(bǔ)充主語(yǔ)the

boy的動(dòng)

作狀態(tài))；②My

bike

was

found

stolen

last

night.我的自行車(chē)昨晚被發(fā)現(xiàn)失竊了。

(stolen補(bǔ)充主語(yǔ)my

bike的情況)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)類(lèi)型用法示例賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)

后，補(bǔ)充

說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)

的動(dòng)作/狀

態(tài)①I(mǎi)

heard

her

singing.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在唱

歌。(singing表“賓語(yǔ)正在做”)②I

had

my

hair

cut.我理了發(fā)。(cut

表“賓語(yǔ)(頭發(fā))被剪”)(3)特殊句型：

There

be＋名詞＋分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表“主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行”：

There

are

birds

singing

in

the

tree.→There

are

birds

which

are

singing

in

the

tree.樹(shù)上

有鳥(niǎo)在唱歌。過(guò)去分詞表“被動(dòng)/完成”：

There

were

five

people

killed

in

the

accident.→There

were

five

people

who

were

killed

in

the

accident.事故中有5人遇難。四、速記對(duì)比表非謂語(yǔ)

類(lèi)型形式含義/功能考點(diǎn)不定式to

do/do表“目的、未做的

動(dòng)作”省to的情況，

it作

形式主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞doing表“動(dòng)作本身、愛(ài)

好/習(xí)慣”后接doing的動(dòng)詞/

短語(yǔ)(口訣記)非謂語(yǔ)

類(lèi)型形式含義/功能考點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞doing表“主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行”作定語(yǔ)(后置，表

進(jìn)行)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞done表“被動(dòng)、完成”作定語(yǔ)(后置，表

被動(dòng))、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)◆專(zhuān)項(xiàng)導(dǎo)圖◆專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(

A

)1.(2025長(zhǎng)春中考)

eyes

healthy，

we

students

should

spend

less

time

on

screens.A.To

keepB.KeepC.KeepingA(

C

)2.(2025黑龍江中考)—How

do

you

improve

your

English

listening

skills？—I

spend

about

twenty

minutes

English

videos

every

day.A.watchB.to

watchC.watchingC(

B

)3.(2025天津中考)The

government

is

developing

new

plans

ancient

buildings.A.protectB.to

protectC.protectsB(

C

)4.(2025揚(yáng)州中考)We

should

build

on

past

achievements

and

work

together

a

better

world.A.makeB.makingC.to

makeC(

B

)5.(2025泉州二模)Our

school

has

made

a

rule

students

from

using

smart

phones

in

school.A.preventB.to

preventC.preventedB(

C

)6.(2025晉江模擬)—The

new

movie

is

out

this

weekend.

Do

you

feel

like

it

with

me？—That

sounds

fun！

Let’s

do

it！A.watchB.to

watchC.watchingC(

C

)7.(2025廈門(mén)同安模擬)

study

efficiency(效率)，

we

should

set

goals

and

make

plans

clearly.A.ImprovingB.ImproveC.To

improveC(

C

)8.(2025泉州泉港一模)Charity

projects

such

as“Love

Donation”

give

us

a

chance

others

even

though

we’re

far

away

from

them.A.helpB.helpingC.to

helpC(

A

)9.(2025南平模擬)Yesterday

Jane

had

her

car

.

Because

she

had

an

accident

early

that

day.A.repairedB.repairC.to

repairA(

C

)10.(2025廈門(mén)同安模擬)—I

had

fun

in

Harbin

Ice

and

Snow

World

last

vacation.

I

really

like

it！—So

do

I.

I

it

twice.A.visitedB.