2025年國家電網(wǎng)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員考試(電力英語)歷年參考題庫含答案一、詞匯與語法（共25題，每題2分，共50分）（一）單項選擇題（10題）1.The______isdesignedtointerruptthecurrentflowwhenafaultoccursinthepowersystem.A.transformerB.generatorC.circuitbreakerD.capacitor答案：C（斷路器用于在電力系統(tǒng)故障時切斷電流）2.______energysources,suchassolarandwind,areincreasinglyintegratedintothegrid.A.ConventionalB.RenewableC.NuclearD.Fossil答案：B（可再生能源包括太陽能、風能）3.The______ofthetransformeriscrucialformaintainingvoltagestability.A.insulationB.rotationC.combustionD.vibration答案：A（變壓器的絕緣性能對電壓穩(wěn)定至關(guān)重要）4.InHVDC(HighVoltageDirectCurrent)transmission,powerlossis______comparedtoHVAC(HighVoltageAlternatingCurrent).A.higherB.lowerC.equalD.unpredictable答案：B（高壓直流輸電損耗低于交流輸電）5.Thesmartgriduses______toenabletwowaycommunicationbetweenutilitiesandconsumers.A.analogmetersB.smartmetersC.oilswitchesD.fuses答案：B（智能電網(wǎng)通過智能電表實現(xiàn)雙向通信）6.Overcurrentprotectiondevicesareessentialtoprevent______inelectricalcircuits.A.overheatingB.overvoltageC.underfrequencyD.undervoltage答案：A（過流保護防止電路過熱）7.The______ofageneratorreferstothemaximumpoweritcandelivercontinuously.A.efficiencyB.capacityC.resistanceD.reactance答案：B（發(fā)電機容量指持續(xù)輸出的最大功率）8.______isakeyparameterinpowerqualityanalysis,indicatingtheratioofrealpowertoapparentpower.A.FrequencyB.VoltageC.PowerfactorD.Harmonics答案：C（功率因數(shù)是電能質(zhì)量關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，反映有功與視在功率比）9.The______systemmonitorsandcontrolstheoperationofsubstationequipmentinrealtime.A.SCADA(SupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition)B.GIS(GasInsulatedSwitchgear)C.PMU(PhasorMeasurementUnit)D.DCS(DistributedControlSystem)答案：A（SCADA系統(tǒng)用于實時監(jiān)控變電站設備）10.Toensuresafety,allpersonnelmustwear______whenworkingnearhighvoltageequipment.A.cottonglovesB.insulatedglovesC.leathershoesD.plastichelmets答案：B（高壓設備附近作業(yè)需戴絕緣手套）（二）多項選擇題（5題）11.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofatypicalpowertransformer?()A.CoreB.WindingsC.CircuitbreakerD.Coolingsystem答案：ABD（變壓器核心部件包括鐵芯、繞組、冷卻系統(tǒng)，斷路器非變壓器部件）12.Renewableenergyintegrationchallengesinclude______.()A.intermittencyB.gridstabilityC.hightransmissioncostD.lowcarbonemission答案：ABC（可再生能源間歇性、電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性、高傳輸成本是主要挑戰(zhàn)，低碳排放是優(yōu)勢）13.Commoncausesofpoweroutagesinclude______.()A.lightningstrikesB.equipmentfailureC.excessivepowerdemandD.smartmeterinstallation答案：ABC（停電常見原因：雷擊、設備故障、超負荷用電，智能電表安裝不導致停電）14.Inpowersystemprotection,relaytypesinclude______.()A.overcurrentrelayB.differentialrelayC.temperaturerelayD.distancerelay答案：ABD（電力系統(tǒng)保護繼電器包括過流、差動、距離繼電器，溫度繼電器非主保護）15.Internationalstandardsrelatedtopowerengineeringinclude______.()A.IEEEB.IECC.ISOD.OPEC答案：ABC（IEEE、IEC、ISO涉及電力標準，OPEC是石油輸出國組織）二、閱讀理解（共2篇，每篇5題，每題3分，共30分）第一篇：SmartGridDevelopmentThesmartgridrepresentsamodernizationoftheelectricalgrid,integratingadvancedsensors,meters,andcommunicationtechnologies.Unliketraditionalgrids,whichareoneway(fromutilitytoconsumer),smartgridsenabletwowaycommunication.Thisallowsutilitiestomonitorpowerusageinrealtime,detectoutagesfaster,andbalancesupplyanddemandmoreefficiently.Forconsumers,smartmetersprovidedetailedenergyconsumptiondata,encouragingenergyconservation.Additionally,smartgridssupporttheintegrationofdistributedenergyresources(DERs)suchasrooftopsolarpanelsandbatterystorage,reducingrelianceoncentralizedpowerplants.16.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweensmartgridsandtraditionalgrids?A.Smartgridsusehighervoltage.B.Smartgridsenabletwowaycommunication.C.Smartgridshavelargertransformers.D.Smartgridsrelyonfossilfuels.答案：B（文中明確提到智能電網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)雙向通信，傳統(tǒng)電網(wǎng)是單向）17.Howdosmartmetersbenefitconsumers?A.Theyreduceelectricityprices.B.Theyproviderealtimeconsumptiondata.C.Theygeneraterenewableenergy.D.Theyreplacetraditionaltransformers.答案：B（智能電表為用戶提供詳細用電數(shù)據(jù)，鼓勵節(jié)能）18.Whatisakeyfunctionofsmartgridsmentionedinthepassage?A.Increasingpowerlossduringtransmission.B.Limitingtheuseofdistributedenergyresources.C.Balancingsupplyanddemandefficiently.D.Reducingthenumberofutilityworkers.答案：C（智能電網(wǎng)能更高效平衡供需）19.WhatareDERs?A.Devicesforemergencyresponse.B.Distributedenergyresourceslikesolarpanels.C.Dataencryptiontechnologies.D.Directcurrenttransmissionsystems.答案：B（DERs指分布式能源，如屋頂太陽能板）20.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.A.thehistoryofpowergrids.B.challengesinrenewableenergy.C.featuresandbenefitsofsmartgrids.D.comparisonbetweenACandDCtransmission.答案：C（全文介紹智能電網(wǎng)的特點與優(yōu)勢）第二篇：HVDCTransmissionHighVoltageDirectCurrent(HVDC)transmissionisatechnologyusedtotransmitelectricityoverlongdistancesorbetweenasynchronousACgrids.UnlikeHVAC(HighVoltageAlternatingCurrent),HVDChaslowerpowerlosses,makingitsuitableforunderseacablesorintercontinentalconnections.Forexample,theChinaBrazil±800kVHVDCprojecttransmits7,100MWofhydropowerover2,000kmwithefficiencyexceeding97%.HVDCconverters(rectifiersandinverters)arecriticalcomponents,convertingACtoDCandviceversa.However,HVDCsystemsaremoreexpensivetoinstallthanHVAC,sotheyaretypicallyusedforspecificapplicationswheretheiradvantagesoutweighthecosts.21.WhyisHVDCpreferredforunderseacables?A.Ithaslowerpowerlosses.B.Itusessimplerequipment.C.Itischeapertoinstall.D.Itsupportshigherfrequency.答案：A（HVDC損耗低，適合海底電纜）22.WhatistheefficiencyoftheChinaBrazilHVDCproject?A.7,100MWB.2,000kmC.Over97%D.±800kV答案：C（文中明確提到效率超97%）23.WhatdoHVDCconvertersdo?A.Increasevoltagelevels.B.ConvertACtoDCandDCtoAC.C.Storeelectricalenergy.D.Protectagainstovercurrent.答案：B（換流器負責交直流轉(zhuǎn)換）24.WhenisHVDCmorelikelytobeused?A.Forshortdistancetransmission.B.Wheninstallationcostistheprimaryconcern.C.ForconnectingasynchronousACgrids.D.Forlowpowerdistributionincities.答案：C（HVDC用于長距離或異步交流電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)）25.Thepassageimpliesthat______.A.HVDCwillreplaceHVACcompletely.B.HVACisbetterforintercontinentalconnections.C.HVDC’shighcostlimitsitsusetospecificscenarios.D.HVDCconvertersareunnecessaryforACgrids.答案：C（HVDC安裝成本高，僅在優(yōu)勢大于成本時使用）三、翻譯（共10題，每題4分，共40分）（一）中譯英26.變電站的主要功能是變換電壓等級，分配電能。答案：Themainfunctionofasubstationistotransformvoltagelevelsanddistributeelectricalenergy.27.智能電網(wǎng)通過實時數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控提高了供電可靠性。答案：Thesmartgridenhancespowersupplyreliabilitythroughrealtimedatamonitoring.28.高壓斷路器必須定期檢測，以確保其分斷能力。答案：Highvoltagecircuitbreakersmustbetestedregularlytoensuretheirbreakingcapacity.29.可再生能源的大規(guī)模接入需要升級電網(wǎng)的儲能和調(diào)度系統(tǒng)。答案：Largescaleintegrationofrenewableenergyrequiresupgradingthegrid’senergystorageanddispatchingsystems.30.電力系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性取決于發(fā)電機、變壓器和保護裝置的協(xié)同工作。答案：Thestabilityofthepowersystemdependsonthecoordinatedoperationofgenerators,transformers,andprotectiondevices.（二）英譯中31.Thephasormeasurementunit(PMU)providessynchronizedvoltageandcurrentphasordataforgridstabilityanalysis.答案：相量測量單元（PMU）為電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性分析提供同步的電壓和電流相量數(shù)據(jù)。32.Overheadtransmissionlinesaremorecosteffectivethanundergroundcablesforlongdistancepowerdelivery.答案：對于長距離電力傳輸，架空輸電線路比地下電纜更具成本效益。33.TheIEEE1547standardspecifiestechnicalrequirementsforconnectingdistributedenergyresourcestothegrid.答案：IEEE1547標準規(guī)定了分布式能源接入電網(wǎng)的技術(shù)要求。34.Faultcurrentlimiter(FCL)isadeviceusedtoreducethemagnitudeofshortcircuitcurrentsinpowersystems.答案：故障限流器（FCL）是用于降低電力系統(tǒng)短路電流幅值的設備。35.Gridresiliencereferstotheabilityofthepowersystemtowithstandandrecoverfromdisturbancessuchasnaturaldisasters.答案：電網(wǎng)韌性是指電力系統(tǒng)抵御自然災害等擾動并從中恢復的能力。四、專業(yè)術(shù)語匹配（共10題，每題2分，共20分）將左側(cè)英文術(shù)語與右側(cè)中文解釋一一對應（填字母）：|英文術(shù)語|中文解釋|||||36.Synchronousgenerator|A.無功功率||37.Reactivepower|B.絕緣配合||38.Insulationcoordination|C.同步發(fā)電機||39.Powerelectronics|D.電力電子學||40.Loadflowanalysis|E.諧波||41.Harmonics|F.潮流分析||42.Circuitbreaker|G.斷路器||43.Substationautomation|H.變電站自動化||44.Renewableportfoliostandard|I.可再生能源配額標準||45.Frequencyregulation|J.頻率調(diào)節(jié)|答案：36C；37A；38B；39D；40F；41E；42G；43H；44I；45J五、案例分析（共1題，30分）背景資料：A220kVsubstationreporteda"breakerfailure"alarmat14:30.TheSCADAsystemshowedthatthe2maintransformerlowvoltagesidecircuitbreaker(CB2)failedtotripafterashortcircuitfaultoccurredintheadjacentdistributionline.FieldinspectionfoundthattheCB2’strippingcoilwasburnedout,andtheauxiliarycontactwasstuck.問題：1.WhatarethepossibleconsequencesofCB2’sfailuretotrip?(10分)2.Proposeimmediatecorrectiveactionsforthesubstationstaff.(10分)3.Sug