ISO19206激光雷達(dá)測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO19206LiDARTestStandard裝車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Loadingstandard激光雷達(dá)是自動駕駛安全的第一道閘LiDARisthePrimarySafeguardtoAutonomousDrivingSafetyISO19206《道路車輛激光雷達(dá)測試方法》ISO19206Roadvehicles–TestmethodforautomotiveLiDARISO19206統(tǒng)一測試語言的價值TheValueofISO19206UnifiedTestLanguage標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的核心價值CorevaluesofthestandardISO19206標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO19206standards環(huán)境適應(yīng)性測試Environmentaladaptabilitytest性能評估方法PerformanceevaluationmethodISO19206的制定主體與適用范圍TheDevelopingBodyandScopeofApplicationofISO19206制定主體

DevelopingbodyISO19206由國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織聯(lián)合全球主流車企、零部件供應(yīng)商及測試機(jī)構(gòu)共同起草，具有廣泛的行業(yè)代表性和權(quán)威性。ISO19206wasjointlydraftedbytheInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationandmajorglobalautomakers,partssuppliersandtestingagencies.Itiswidelyrepresentativeandauthoritativeintheindustry.?適用范圍該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)專門針對道路車輛用激光雷達(dá)，覆蓋從原型研發(fā)、設(shè)計驗(yàn)證（DV）、生產(chǎn)驗(yàn)證（PV）到售后復(fù)測的全生命周期，適用于機(jī)械式、半固態(tài)和純固態(tài)激光雷達(dá)。Scopeofapplication：ThisstandardisspecificallyaimedatLiDARforroadvehicles,coveringtheentirelifecyclefromprototypedevelopment,designverification(DV),productionverification(PV)toafter-salesretesting,andisapplicabletomechanical,semi-solid-stateandpurelysolid-stateLiDAR.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如何量化激光雷達(dá)性能HowDoestheStandardQuantifyLiDARPerformance量化性能指標(biāo)

Quantitativeperformanceindicators通過量化指標(biāo)，ISO19206消除了供應(yīng)商與采購方之間的信息鴻溝，使得車企在標(biāo)書中可以直接對比不同品牌的產(chǎn)品，顯著縮短選型周期，降低二次驗(yàn)證成本。Throughquantitativeindicators,ISO19206eliminatestheinformationgapbetweensuppliersandpurchasers,allowingautomakerstodirectlycompareproductsofdifferentbrandsintheirbids,significantlyshorteningtheselectioncycleandreducingthecostofsecondaryverification.降低信息鴻溝

Reducetheinformationgap標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將激光雷達(dá)性能拆解為探測能力、測距能力、角度能力三大維度，每個維度均給出了詳細(xì)的測試條件、設(shè)備精度、合格閾值和統(tǒng)計方法，確保測試結(jié)果的可重復(fù)性和可比性。ThestandardbreaksdowntheperformanceofLiDARintothreedimensions:detectioncapability,rangingcapabilityandanglecapability.Eachdimensiongivesdetailedtestconditions,equipmentprecision,qualificationthresholdandstatisticalmethodstoensuretherepeatabilityandcomparabilityoftestresults.PART02環(huán)境適應(yīng)性測試全景PanoramaofEnvironmentalAdaptabilityTest極端溫度下的穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)證StabilityVerificationatExtremeTemperatures高溫測試Hightemperaturetest高溫測試要求激光雷達(dá)在85℃環(huán)境中持續(xù)工作24小時，確保在高溫條件下探測精度不下降、數(shù)據(jù)采集無中斷。測試允許使用溫箱循環(huán)，但需記錄升溫速率與保持時間，以保證不同實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù)的一致性。ThehightemperaturetestrequirestheLiDARtoworkcontinuouslyfor24hoursinan85°Cenvironmenttoensurethatthedetectionprecisiondoesnotdecreaseanddatacollectionisuninterruptedunderhightemperatureconditions.Thetestallowstheuseofincubatorcycles,buttheheatingrateandholdingtimemustberecordedtoensuretheconsistencyofdatafromdifferentlaboratories.低溫測試Lowtemperaturetest低溫測試要求激光雷達(dá)在-40℃環(huán)境下冷啟動后4小時內(nèi)探測精度不下降、數(shù)據(jù)采集無中斷。該測試可提前暴露芯片熱漂移、光路熱脹冷縮導(dǎo)致的測距誤差，為散熱設(shè)計提供邊界條件。ThelowtemperaturetestrequiresthatthedetectionprecisionoftheLiDARdoesnotdecreaseanddataacquisitionisuninterruptedwithin4hoursaftercoldstartat-40°C.Thistestcanexposetherangingerrorcausedbychipthermaldriftandopticalpaththermalexpansionandcontractioninadvance,providingboundaryconditionsforheatdissipationdesign.濕度與防水雙考驗(yàn)DoubleTestofHumidityandWaterproofing濕度測試Humiditytest濕度測試在40℃、90%-95%相對濕度條件下持續(xù)48小時，模擬南方夏季車內(nèi)凝露場景。測試后要求激光雷達(dá)內(nèi)部無可見進(jìn)水，核心指標(biāo)探測距離衰減不超過7%。Thehumiditytestlastedfor48hoursat40°Cand90%-95%relativehumidity,simulatingthecondensationsceneinthevehicleinsummerinsouthernChina.Afterthetest,itisrequiredthatthereisnovisiblewaterinflowinsidetheLiDAR,andthecoreindicatordetectiondistanceattenuationdoesnotexceed7%.防水測試Waterproofingtest防水測試按照IPX7標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行，要求激光雷達(dá)在1米水深中浸泡30分鐘。測試后同樣要求內(nèi)部無進(jìn)水，確保在洗車、涉水、暴雨等場景下仍能維持功能。ThewaterproofingtestiscarriedoutinaccordancewiththeIPX7standard,requiringtheLiDARtobeimmersedin1meterofwaterfor30minutes.Afterthetest,itisalsorequiredthatthereisnowateringresstoensurethatthefunctioncanstillbemaintainedinscenariossuchasvehiclewashing,wading,andheavyrain.振動沖擊下的機(jī)械完整性MechanicalIntegrityUnderVibrationandShock振動測試

Vibrationtest振動測試覆蓋10Hz-2000Hz的寬帶頻率，加速度范圍為5g-20g，每個軸向持續(xù)2-8小時。測試后要求激光雷達(dá)外殼無裂紋、光窗無松動、數(shù)據(jù)采集無丟幀。Thevibrationtestcoversabroadbandfrequencyof10Hz-2000Hz,withanaccelerationrangeof5g-20gandlasting2-8hoursineachaxis.Afterthetest,itisrequiredthattheLiDARhousingbefreeofcracks,theopticalwindowshallnotbeloose,andthereshallbenoframelossduringdataacquisition.沖擊測試

Impacttest沖擊測試施加50g-100g的瞬時加速度，持續(xù)時間2ms-11ms，每個軸向正負(fù)各三次。該測試可提前發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)共振點(diǎn)與焊點(diǎn)疲勞隱患，確保機(jī)械完整性。Theimpacttestappliesaninstantaneousaccelerationof50g-100gforadurationof2ms-11ms,threetimesineachaxispositiveandnegative.Thistestcandetectstructuralresonancepointsandweldfatiguehazardsinadvancetoensuremechanicalintegrity.強(qiáng)光干擾中的信噪比底線TheBottomLineofSignal-to-noiseRatioinStrongLightInterference光學(xué)干擾測試使用100000lux的金鹵燈模擬正午陽光斜射，要求在高反射率目標(biāo)探測距離衰減不超過10%，低反射率目標(biāo)衰減不超過15%，且不得出現(xiàn)空識別。該測試驗(yàn)證信號處理算法對背景光的抑制能力，降低午后陽光導(dǎo)致的誤識別概率。Theopticalinterferencetestusesa100,000luxmetalhalidelamptosimulatetheobliquesunlightatnoon.Itisrequiredthattheattenuationofhigh-reflectivitytargetsdoesnotexceed10%atthedetectiondistance,andtheattenuationoflow-reflectivitytargetsdoesnotexceed15%,andnoemptyrecognitionshalloccur.Thistestverifiesthesignalprocessingalgorithm'sabilitytosuppressbackgroundlightandreducetheprobabilityoffalserecognitioncausedbyafternoonsunlight.-光學(xué)干擾測試-OpticalinterferencetestPART03性能評估的量化刻度QuantitativeScaleforPerformanceEvaluation探測距離與成功率的雙重門檻TheDoubleThresholdofDetectionDistanceandSuccessRate最大探測距離Maximumdetectionrange最大探測距離試驗(yàn)在23℃±5℃、無干擾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)環(huán)境下進(jìn)行，使用直徑1米、反射率50%的朗伯體目標(biāo)。要求至少9次成功識別出120米距離，確保遠(yuǎn)距預(yù)警能力。Themaximumdetectionrangetestiscarriedoutinastandardenvironmentof23°C±5°Cwithoutinterference,usingaLambertiantargetwithadiameterof1meterandareflectivityof50%.Itisrequiredtosuccessfullyidentifythe120-meterdistanceatleast9timestoensurelong-rangewarningcapabilities.最小探測距離Minimumdetectionrange最小探測距離要求不超過0.5米，用于覆蓋擁堵跟車、泊車等近場場景，確保激光雷達(dá)在近距離目標(biāo)探測時的可靠性。Theminimumdetectionrangeisrequiredtobenomorethan0.5meters,whichisusedtocovernear-fieldscenariossuchasfollowingvehiclesincongestionandparking,ensuringthereliabilityofLiDARwhendetectingclose-rangetargets.測距精度與分辨率如何判定HowtoDetermineRangingAccuracyandResolution測距精度Rangingaccuracy測距精度規(guī)定50米內(nèi)誤差不超過±0.1米，100米內(nèi)不超過±0.3米。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對目標(biāo)表面反射均勻性、激光入射角、統(tǒng)計幀數(shù)均有細(xì)化要求，確保不同品牌實(shí)驗(yàn)室獲得可復(fù)現(xiàn)的誤差分布曲線。Therangingaccuracystipulatesthattheerrorshallnotexceed±0.1meterswithin50metersand±0.3meterswithin100meters.Thestandardhasdetailedrequirementsfortheuniformityoftargetsurfacereflection,laserincidentangle,andstatisticalframenumbertoensurethatlaboratoriesofdifferentbrandsobtainreproducibleerrordistributioncurves.測距分辨率Rangingresolution測距分辨率試驗(yàn)在30米處放置兩個直徑1米、間距1.5米的目標(biāo)，要求必須被識別為獨(dú)立物體而非融合。該指標(biāo)直接影響激光雷達(dá)在復(fù)雜場景下的目標(biāo)區(qū)分能力。Therangingresolutiontestplacestwotargetswithadiameterof1meterandaspacingof1.5metersat30meters,requiringthemtobeidentifiedasindependentobjectsratherthanmerged.ThisindicatordirectlyaffectsthetargetdiscriminationabilityofLiDARincomplexscenarios.角度精度與分辨率雙指標(biāo)DualIndicatorsofAnglePrecisionandResolution角度精度

Angleprecision角度分辨率試驗(yàn)在水平方向布置相鄰角度差≥0.3°的兩個目標(biāo)，要求必須被區(qū)分且無漏檢。該指標(biāo)直接影響車道線、護(hù)欄、相鄰車輛的橫向位置判斷，是L3及以上功能安全的關(guān)鍵輸入。Intheangularresolutiontest,twotargetswithanadjacentangledifferenceof≥0.3°arearrangedinthehorizontaldirection.Theymustbedistinguishedandnomisseddetectionisrequired.Thisindicatordirectlyaffectsthelateralpositionjudgmentoflanelines,guardrailsandadjacentvehicles,andisakeyinputforL3andabovefunctionalsafety.角度分辨率

Angularresolution角度精度要求水平誤差不超過±0.1°，垂直誤差不超過±0.2°。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定轉(zhuǎn)臺角度反饋精度需≤0.02°，測試距離需≥20米，以降低人為誤差。Theangleprecisionrequiresthatthehorizontalerrordoesnotexceed±0.1°andtheverticalerrordoesnotexceed±0.2°.Thestandardstipulatesthattheturntableanglefeedbackprecisionmustbe≤0.02°andthetestdistancemustbe≥20meterstoreducehumanerrors.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)環(huán)境與非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)環(huán)境聲明StandardEnvironmentalandNon-standardEnvironmentalStatement所有性能試驗(yàn)?zāi)J(rèn)在溫度23℃±5℃、濕度45%-65%、無振動、無光學(xué)干擾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行。若因特殊需求改為高低溫、高濕或背景光環(huán)境，必須完整記錄偏離參數(shù)并附加不確定度分析，確保數(shù)據(jù)可追溯。Allperformancetestsarecarriedoutinastandardlaboratorywithatemperatureof23°C±5°C,humidityof45%-65%,novibrationandnoopticalinterferencebydefault.Ifitischangedtohighandlowtemperature,highhumidityorbackgroundlightenvironmentduetospecialneeds,thedeviationparametersmustbefullyrecordedanduncertaintyanalysismustbeattachedtoensuredatatraceability.-環(huán)境聲明-EnvironmentalstatementPART04標(biāo)準(zhǔn)落地價值與后續(xù)行動StandardImplementationValueandFollow-upActions標(biāo)準(zhǔn)帶來的三方收益TripartiteBenefitsfromStandards對車企的價值

Valuetoautomakers對車企而言，ISO19206成為激光雷達(dá)選型的最低門檻與驗(yàn)證依據(jù)，可直接寫入SOR，減少重復(fù)DV試驗(yàn)，顯著縮短選型周期，降低驗(yàn)證成本。Forautomakers,ISO19206hasbecometheminimumthresholdandverificationbasisforLiDARselection.ItcanbedirectlywrittenintoSOR,reducingrepeatedDVtests,significantlyshorteningtheselectioncycle,andreducingverificationcosts.對測試工程師的價值

Valuetotestengineers對測試工程師來說，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供了可復(fù)制的設(shè)備清單、布置圖和統(tǒng)計方法，縮短了測試方案開發(fā)周期，提高了測試效率和準(zhǔn)確性。Fortestengineers,thestandardprovidesreplicableequipmentlists,layoutdrawingsandstatisticalmethods,shorteningthetestplandeve