一、限定性定語從句的核心認(rèn)知限定性定語從句是依附于先行詞（被修飾的名詞/代詞）的從句，通過“關(guān)系詞”連接主句與從句，對先行詞進(jìn)行范圍限定或特征描述——去掉從句后，主句指代對象會模糊、句意不完整。例如：*Thestudentwhobrokethewindowshouldapologize.*（“whobrokethewindow”限定了“哪個學(xué)生”，若去掉從句，“Thestudentshouldapologize”就失去了行為主體的特指性。）二、關(guān)系詞的分類與用法（一）關(guān)系代詞：在從句中充當(dāng)**主語、賓語、定語**（表所屬）1.that（指人/物，作主語/賓語，賓語時可省略）指人：*Theboythatwontheprizeismydeskmate.*（作主語，不可省略）指物：*Thebook(that)youlentmeiswonderful.*（作賓語，可省略）特殊場景：先行詞含最高級、序數(shù)詞、only、all、little等時，優(yōu)先用that：*Thisistheonlygiftthatmyfathergaveme.**HeisthebestteacherthatI’veevermet.*2.which（指物，作主語/賓語，賓語時可省略）作主語：*Thehousewhichstandsbytheriverisold.*作賓語：*Thepen(which)Iboughtyesterdaywaslost.*3.who/whom（指人，who作主語，whom作賓語，whom賓語時可省略或用who代替）who作主語：*ThegirlwhosingswellisfromClass3.*whom作賓語：*Thedoctor(whom)youmetjustnowismyuncle.*（可省略，或用who）4.whose（表所屬，后接名詞，指人/物）指人：*Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudieshard.*（=Theboythefatherofwhomisadoctor...）指物：*Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthismine.*（=Thehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth...）（二）關(guān)系副詞：在從句中充當(dāng)**狀語**（時間、地點(diǎn)、原因）1.when（指時間，先行詞為時間名詞，從句缺時間狀語）*IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedtheclub.*（=...onwhichIjoinedtheclub.）2.where（指地點(diǎn)，先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞，從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語）*ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedforthreeyears.*（=...inwhichIstudied...）3.why（指原因，先行詞為*reason*，從句缺原因狀語）*Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.*（=...forwhichhewaslate.）三、關(guān)鍵用法與易錯點(diǎn)突破（一）主謂一致：從句謂語與**先行詞**單復(fù)數(shù)一致*ThestudentswhoarefromGrade10studyinthisbuilding.*（先行詞*students*為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用*are*）*Thebookthatbelongstomeisonthedesk.*（先行詞*book*為單數(shù)，謂語用*belongs*）（二）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系代詞前加介詞時，需根據(jù)動詞搭配、先行詞邏輯選擇介詞，且指物用*which*，指人用*whom*：動詞搭配：*ThepenwithwhichIwriteismissing.*（*writewiththepen*）先行詞邏輯：*Themantowhomyoutalkedismyteacher.*（*talktotheman*）（三）易混點(diǎn)：that與which的“禁用”場景以下情況只能用that（不能用which）：1.先行詞為*all,little,much,none,everything*等不定代詞：*Allthatweneedistime.*2.先行詞被*theonly,thevery,thesame*等修飾：*ThisistheverybookthatIwant.*3.先行詞既有人又有物：*Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.*四、實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練與解析（一）單句填空（用合適的關(guān)系詞）1.Thegirl______isstandingthereismysister.（*who/that*，指人作主語）2.Thehouse______roofisredbelongstomyuncle.（*whose*，表所屬）3.I’llneverforgettheday______wemet.（*when*，時間狀語）4.Thebook______youlentmeisinteresting.（*that/which*，指物作賓語，可省略）（二）句子翻譯（用限定性定語從句）1.這是我昨天買的那本書。*Thisisthebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.*2.那個父親是醫(yī)生的男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力。*Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.*五、總結(jié)與拓展限定性定語從句的核心是“限定先行詞，明確指代”，需重點(diǎn)掌握：關(guān)系詞的“指代對象+句法功能”（主/賓/狀/定語）；特殊場景（如“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”“只能用that”）的規(guī)則；通過“先行詞還原法”驗(yàn)證：將先行詞代入從句，看是否能構(gòu)成