2026年考研（英語一）真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirectionsReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TextAdvancesinartificialintelligence(AI)arerapidlyeveryaspectofhumanlife.TheworldofAIisbuzzingwithanexcitingpotentialtoimproveandenrichourlives.1_,AIalsohasthepotentialhazardof_2_ourexperiencesinwayswemightfinddifficulttocontrol.Onesuch_3_ishowweunderstandandexperiencebeauty.AIcanbeacollaborativetoolinawiderangeofcreativeendeavors.4_humancreativityandAIalgorithmscanleadtouniqueartistic_5_thatarebeautifultothehumaneye.Thesecollaborationsarelikelytobecomeincreasinglycommon.6_,asconvenientandprovocative,AIenablesvirtualtry-onexperienceswhereyoucanvirtually_7_makeup,hairstyles,clothing,andevencosmeticprocedures_8_makinganyphysicalchanges.Individualscannowexperimentwithdifferentlooksand_9_theirpreferences,potentiallyexpandingtherangeofbeautyideals.AIalgorithmscan_10_facialfeaturesandskinconditionstoprovidepersonalizedbeautyrecommendations.This_11_approachaimstocatertoindividualpreferencesandenhancetheconceptofbeautytailoredtoeachperson'suniquecharacteristics.12,AIcanbeafunvehicleforself-discovery.WhileAIoffersexcitingpossibilities,italsoraisesethical_13_.Thereisariskofdeepeningsocietalbeauty_14_andperpetuatingunattainablebeautystandards.15,AI-poweredbeautyfiltersandeditingtoolscanleadtodistortedself-perceptionand_16_bodydissatisfaction.Assummarizedinarecentposton"TheHiddenDangersofOnlineBeautyFilters",17onthistechnologyforsocialpresentationcancauseharm_18_bodyimageissues,lowerself-esteem,andsocialanxiety.It'simportanttonotethatwhileAIcanenhanceour_19_ofbeauty,itshouldnot_20_thegenuinehumanexperienceandtheemotionalconnectionswederivefromseeingthebeautyineachother.Options[A]Still[B]Therefore[C]Afterward[D]Instead[A]reviewing[B]narrating[C]ignoring[D]dominating[A]reason[B]area[C]clue[D]belief[A]Balancing[B]Distinguishing[C]Combining[D]Introducing[A]prospect[B]outcomes[C]ambitions[D]sentiments[A]Atfirst[B]Bycomparison[C]Forinstance[D]Ingeneral[A]test[B]copy[C]link[D]save[A]upon[B]beyond[C]through[D]before[A]explore[B]recall[C]simplify[D]cherish[A]recover[B]arrange[C]reserve[D]analyze[A]localized[B]normalized[C]randomized[D]customized[A]Atbest[B]Tothecontrary[C]Bydefinition[D]Inthisway[A]divisions[B]expectations[C]concerns[D]values[A]pressures[B]mysteries[C]understandings[D]suspicions[A]Approximately[B]Additionally[C]Alternatively[D]Accidentally[A]dealwith[B]resultfrom[C]contributeto[D]focuson[A]starting[B]checking[C]relying[D]working[A]apartfrom[B]suchas[C]regardlessof[D]priorto[A]imitation[B]appreciation[C]preservation[D]consumption[A]replace[B]seize[C]share[D]reflect答案解析正確答案：[A]Still正確答案：[D]dominating正確答案：[B]area正確答案：[C]Combining正確答案：[B]outcomes正確答案：[C]Forinstance正確答案：[A]test正確答案：[D]before正確答案：[A]explore正確答案：[D]analyze正確答案：[D]customized正確答案：[D]Inthisway正確答案：[C]concerns正確答案：[A]pressures正確答案：[B]Additionally正確答案：[C]contributeto正確答案：[C]relying正確答案：[B]suchas正確答案：[B]appreciation正確答案：[A]replaceSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirectionsReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Forthousandsofyears,donkeyshavebeencriticalforpropellinghumancivilizationsforward.They'vehelpedpullwheeledvehicles,carrytravelersandmovegoodsacrosstheworld.Butwhereandwhentheseanimalsfirstbecameintertwinedwithhumanshasbeenamystery.Now,researchershaveusedgenomesofover200donkeystotracetheirdomesticationbacktoasingleeventaround7,000yearsagoinEastAfrica—about3,000yearsbeforehumanstamedhorses.TheteampublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalSciencethismonth."ThroughtheirDNA,theanimalsaretellingtheirhistorythemselves,"co-authorSamanthaBrooks,anequineresearcherattheUniversityofFlorida,saysinastatement."Weusuallyonlygetthehuman'ssideofhistorythroughwrittenaccounts,butofcoursewrittenhistorydoesnotalwaysrecordexactlyhowsomethinghappened.LookingattheseDNAsequences,wegetabiologicaltestimonytotheenvironmenttheseanimalslivedinandtheexperiencestheysurvived."Theresearchersexamined207genomesfrommoderndonkeyslivingin31countriesacrosstheglobe.Theyalsolookedatgenomesfrom15wildequidsand31earlierdonkeysthatlivedbetweenabout4,000and100yearsago.Theteamreconstructedtheanimals'evolutionarytreeandusedcomputermodelstopinpointthedomesticationevent:whenherdersinKenyaandtheHornofAfricatamedwildasses.TheythentracedhowtheanimalsspreadacrosstherestofthecontinentintoEuropeandAsiaabout2,500yearslater.Thoughit'sstillunclearwhytheoriginaldomesticationhappened,ScienceNews'FredaKreierreportsthattheeventcoincidedwiththeSaharagrowinglargeranddrier."Donkeysarechampionswhenitcomestocarryingstuffandaregoodatgoingthroughdeserts,"co-authorLudovicOrlando,anevolutionarybiologistatPaulSabinUniversityinFrance,tellsthepublication.PrehistorichumansmayhavetameddonkeystohelpnavigatetheexpandingSahara.Researcherssaythesefindingscouldhelpputdonkeysinthespotlight.Theanimalscouldbenefitfrommoreresearch:Currently,therearenopublishedgenomesfromdonkeyslocatedsouthoftheEquatorinAfrica.Butunderstandingwheretheanimalswerefirstdomesticatedcouldguidearchaeologiststoanarrowregiontosearchforinsightsabouttheoriginaltameddonkeys.Notonlydoesunderstandingtheequines'geneticmakeuphelprevealtheircontributiontohumanhistory,butitalsomightimprovetheirmanagementinthefuture,asclimatechangealterstheplanet'senvironment,writetheauthors.QuestionsandAnswersWhatcanbelearnedaboutdonkeysfromparagraph1?[A]Theyseemedmysterioustohumanancestors.[B]Theyunderwentmultipledomesticationevents.[C]Theyweretamedatanearliertimethanhorses.[D]Theywerevividlyportrayedbyancienttravelers.【答案】CWhatmessageisconveyedinBrooks'statement?[A]Theearliesthabitatsofdonkeysarehardlytraceable.[B]Itisincreasinglyeasytoreaddonkeys'DNAsequences.[C]Writtenaccountscontainvitalcluesfordonkeyresearch.[D]Geneticanalysisoffersinsightintothehistoryofdonkeys.【答案】DIntheirstudy,theresearchersinvestigatedhowdonkeys?[A]dispersedwidelyintheworld.[B]survivedwiththehelpofherders.[C]developedcertainbehavioraltraits.[D]adaptedtothechangingenvironment.【答案】AAstowhytheoriginaldomesticationofdonkeyshappened,Orlando?[A]challengesconventionalideas.[B]providesapossibleexplanation.[C]callsforevidencefromtheSahara.[D]holdsadifferentviewfromKreier.【答案】BTheauthorsthinkthattheirresearchcouldhelpwith[A]greaterprotectionofwildlife.[B]bettermanagementofdonkeys.[C]recoveringearlytypesofdonkeys.[D]raisingawarenessofclimatechange.【答案】BText2There'snobusinesslikeshowbusiness—butinLosAngeles,itfeelslikethere'snobusinessatall.Ifthatsoundsmelodramatic,considerthis:TheArtDirectorsGuild,alaborunionrepresentingabout3,000filmworkers,hassuspendedatrainingprogramandissuedastatementexplainingthat"wecannotingoodconscienceencourageyoutopursueourprofession."ItisareactiontoHollywood'sdecline,whichisreachingacriticalpointfortheindustryandSouthernCalifornia.ProductionhasbeenslippingawayfromHollywoodsincethe1950s,buttheeffectshaveneverbeenmoreapparentthanatpresent.OtherregionsintheUnitedStates,CanadaandEuropehavesteadilyincreasedincentivestoattractTVshowsandmovies,leavingCaliforniainthedust.Georgiaoffersupto30%intransferabletaxcreditsonfilmandTVproductioncosts,plusanadditional10%increaseonthebasetaxcreditiftheprojectincludesaGeorgiapromotionallogo.EvenasCalifornialostahugevolumeofproductiontootherlocations,therewasstillplentyoffilmproductiontakingplaceinLosAngelesbeforethisyear.Wewerekeptafloatby"peakTV",theglutofcontentthatwasrequiredbytheexplosionofstreamingservices.IfproductionsinSouthernCaliforniadipbelowacriticallevelfortoolong,theindustry'sessentialtalentwilldriftawayalongwithenormoussumsofrevenue.Persuadingstudiostofilmherewouldbecomemuchmorechallengingifwecouldn'tmaintainadeepbenchoflocalfilmworkers,on-screentalentandlocalbusinessesthatsupporttheentertainmentindustry.That'swhytheCaliforniaFilmCommissionanditsLosAngelescounterpart,FilmLA,nowshouldact,beforeit'stoolate.TheseagenciesandothergovernmentbodiesshoulddramaticallyimproveincentivestokeepourcurrentshowsandattractnewproductionstoLosAngeles.Let'sgoonwiththeshow...andmakesuretheshowdoesn'tgoonwithoutus.QuestionsandAnswersTheArtDirectorsGuild'sstatementreveals[A]people'sreducedinterestinfilm.[B]filmworkers'nostalgiaforthepast.[C]theappealofSouthernCalifornia.[D]thegloomysituationofHollywood.【答案】DTheexampleofGeorgiaisusedtoillustratetheeffortsto[A]lureproductionwithtaxincentives.[B]driveimprovementsinfilmfacilities.[C]stimulatecompetitionamongstates.[D]collectfundsforfilmandTVmaking.【答案】APeakTVpasseditspeakas[A]streamerslosttheirtechnicaladvantages.[B]streamerschangedtheirstrategicpriorities.[C]subscribersgrewwaryoflargeplatforms.[D]subscriberswereunhappywithnewshows.【答案】BAccordingtoparagraph6,California'sentertainmentindustrymightface[A]adeclineinproductquality.[B]ademandforforeigntalent.[C]abraindraintootherplaces.[D]adramaticriseinlaborcosts.【答案】CTheauthorconcludesthetextbyemphasizingthatCaliforniashouldstriveto[A]maintainitspositionintheindustry.[B]attractmoreinvestmentthanithad.[C]pursueahigherstandardofproduction.[D]strengthencoordinationwithotherstates.【答案】AText3Thepioneersofwirelesssawitasagifttoallthepeople.SirJohnReithsaidthatitwouldend"isolationofthespirit"andrejoiced:"Itdoesnotmatterhowmanythousandmaybelistening,thereisalwaysenoughforothers...thegeniusandthefool,thewealthyandthepoorlistensimultaneously."Betweentwogreatwarsthistechnologicalinnovationbuiltanewkindofnationalconsciousness.Openingthisweek,abookandexhibitioncuratedbyBeattyRubensattheBodleianinOxfordrecordshowradiochangedeverydaylifefrom1922to1939.Shedrawsonletters,diariesandfiction,anda1939fieldnotebookofverbatimaudienceresearchbyWinifredGill.There'sfunintestimoniesofpeopleenjoyingthesheernewness.Acartoonmocksagroupfailingtoconversebecausethey'reallinheadphones.Peoplereportthatbroadcastmusicmadeworkmenwhistlenewtunes.Awomansaystherehavebeenfewerstreetfightssincethearrivalofthewirelessbutalsolessstoppingand"talkingonthebrushhandle".Byandlargethewirelesswaswelcome.IlovedthemanfromtheThirtiesresearchwhofoundthatwirelesssuddenlyoffered"alotofvariety...thingsIthoughtI'dneverbeinterestedin...icehockey,perhaps".True:formorethan80pre-digitalyears,linearspeechbroadcastingbroughtthegiftofserendipity,randomenliveningofacarjourneyordullmanualtask.InmyownbookaboutradioIrecordedhow,ononedrive:"Icaughtupwiththenews,learntsome17th-centuryhistory,andwasstartlinglyeducatedbyanunpretentiousprogrammeonthehistoryofthestethoscope."Butradio'senrichingserendipityisebbing.Withmultiplenetworksandcountlesspodcasts,asmartphoneuserselectswhattohearandwhen.Andwhileitiswonderfultotakeawalkwithanythinginyourheadphones,infinitechoiceencouragesustoshrinkintonicheinterestsandsympatheticbeliefs.QuestionsandAnswersWhatcanbelearntaboutwirelessfromSirJohnReith?[A]Itwasaccessibletoeveryone.[B]Itimprovedinterpersonalrelations.[C]Itwasamiracleofhumaningenuity.[D]Itledtoaneweraofisolatingculture.【答案】AWhatisthethemeoftheexhibitionattheBodleianinOxford?[A]Theimpactofradioonitsearlyaudience.[B]Theroleofradioinpublicmusiceducation.[C]Theinnovationprocessofradiotechnology.[D]Theeminentpioneersinradiobroadcasting.【答案】AItisindicatedinParagraph4that[A]theresearchonradiousedtobeinadequate.[B]thecharmofradioremainsinthedigitalage.[C]radiolistenerscouldmakeunexpectedgains.[D]radioshowshavechangedlittleovertheyears.【答案】CTheexpression"talkingonthebrushhandle"inParagraph3referstotheactof[A]makingaloudnoise.[B]havingacasualchat.[C]startingatrivialquarrel.[D]hummingapopularsong.【答案】BInthelastparagraph,theauthorintendstoexpresstheopinionthat[A]technologyshouldbeaimedatbenefitinghumans.[B]actionsshouldbetakentorevivetheartoflistening.[C]adolescentsshouldformhealthysocialmediahabits.[D]peopleshouldadoptasensibleattitudetoinnovations.【答案】DText4WhenTomSwetnamjoinedtheU.S.ForestServiceinthe1970s,hismandatewasto"puteverythingout,"herecalled.ButwhenSwetnamenrolledingraduateschoolattheUniversityofArizona'sLaboratoryofTree-RingResearch,hewassurprisedtofindarecordofrepeatedblazesdatingbackhundredsofyearsbeforeEuropeancolonistsarrivedonthecontinent.Someofthetreesheanalyzedboremorethan20firescarsamongtheirrings.Thefactthatfireshappenedsooftenmeanttheycouldn'thavebeensevereenoughtokillmosttrees.Instead,agrowingbodyofresearchshowedthatfrequent,low-severityfiresmademanyecosystemshealthier.Theyridtheforestofdeadandsicktrees,reducingcompetitionandcurbingthespreadofdisease.Becauseflammablematerialcouldn'tbuilduponthelandscape,blazestendedtomoveslowlyandpeteroutwhentheyreachedthefootprintsofpreviousburns.In2022,Swetnamandotherscientiststeameduptocompileadatabaseoffire-scarredtreesfromacrossthecontinent.TheirNorthAmericantree-ringfire-scarnetwork(NAFSN)providedthebasisforastudypublishedlastmonth.Inthestudy,theresearcherscomparedthehistoricalfirecadencewiththewildfiresrecordedoverthepastfewdecades,anduncoveredastrikingshortfall.TheNAFSNsitesexperiencedlessthanaquarterofthenumberoffiresthatwouldhavebeenexpectedwithoutfiresuppression.Thisdeficitisatestamenttotheeffectivenessofmodernfirefighting,saidKellyMartin,apastpresidentoftheInternationalAssociationofWildlandFire."Yetthecombinedconsequencesofsuppressionandclimatechangehaveerodedhumanity'sabilitytosuppressfires,particularlythosethatigniteunderthemostdangerousweatherconditions."Toprevententireecosystemsfromgoingupinsmoke,Martinsaid,peoplemustbringhealthyfirebacktoplacesthatneedit.AtYosemiteNationalPark,Martinoversawtheuseofwhatisknownasprescribedburnstomakethelandscapemoreresilient.Thesefireswerecarefullyplannedandintentionallyignitedduringperiodswhenweatherkepttheblazeseasytocontrol,andhelpedeliminatesomeofthefuelthathadbuiltuparoundtheimportantpark'sfacilities.Researchshowsthattheseprescribedburnsmakesubsequentwildfireslesssevere,eveniflaterfireshappenunderthemostdangerousweatherconditions.Yetevenasscientistsandpublicofficialsincreasinglyagreeontheneedformorefiresinourforests,climatechangeismakingthistacticmorechallenging,expertssaid."It'sadouble-edgedswordbecausewildfiresaregettingmoresevereandlargerunderclimatechangeandweneedthisworkevenmore,butthentheworkgetsmorechallenging,"saidSusanPrichard,afireecologistattheUniversityofWashington.QuestionsandAnswersAccordingtoParagraph1,Swetnamwassurprisedby[A]thescarcityoftree-ringresearchintheU.S.[B]thefirefightingmeasuresinancientEurope.[C]theforestmanagementpracticesinthe1970s.[D]thenumberofwildfiresinprecolonialtimes.【答案】DParagraph2mainlyfocuseson[A]thecausesofpreviousburns.[B]thetreatmentofdiseasedtrees.[C]thebenefitsoflow-severityfires.[D]theimportanceofforestecosystems.【答案】CWhatdidthestudyfindaboutthewildfiresoverthepastfewdecades?[A]Theirintensityhasvastlyfluctuated.[B]Theirfrequencyhasmarkedlydecreased.[C]Theirthreatshavebeenunderestimated.[D]Theirrecordshavebeenmisinterpreted.【答案】BWhatcanbeinferredaboutmodernfirefighting?[A]Itsworkforceneedsmoretraining.[B]Itseffectivenessisquestionedbythepublic.[C]Itmayrendertraditionaltacticsuseless.[D]Itmaymakeseverefireshardertoputout.【答案】DBothMartinandPrichardwouldagreethat[A]itischallengingtopredictlargewildfires.[B]itisurgenttoassesstheuseofplannedfires.[C]itisnecessarytointroduceprescribedburns.[D]itisrewardingtodoublefiredetectionefforts.【答案】CPartBDirectionsThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions(41)-(45),youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelist[A]-[G]andfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.Paragraphs[F]and[C]havebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)ParagraphOptions[A]Thenegotiationbetweenyouandit,istheheartofthematter.Whatdoesthepoetseethatyoudon't?Whatdoesthedifferencemean?Itcouldbeoneofthebestconversationsyoueverhave.Forgetself-helpbooks;readingisself-helpinaction.Andjustreadasinglepoem.InhisOxfordlectures,SeamusHeaneyarguedthatapoemdrawsapictureofreality,a"glimpsedalternative"thatsetsupacontradictionwithyourown,inwayslittleandlarge.[B]Butforthemostpart,thisisn'twhatthebusinesscommunitydoes.Ihaveyettomeetachiefexecutivewhoreadsregularly.Manyskipnewspapers,andmagazinesareastretch.Theydon'thavetime,theysay.It'sinefficient;theycangettheinformationtheyneedfromthosearoundthem.Atapinch,theymightpickupabusinessbookbeforealongflight,inthehopethat,likeacookbook,itwillprovideafoolproofrecipe.SomearedrawntowhatIthinkofas"businesscarcrash"books—thestoriesofTheranos,Purdue,orWeWork.Butoutsidethosenarrowpoolsofinterest,avastoceanawaits,bountifulwithsimmeringideas,mentaladventureandimaginativerefreshment.[C]Neuroscientistshavebeenatpainstodemonstratethatthepleasureabookprovidesisn'tindulgence,it'sgoodforyou.Readingwillkeepyoubetterinformedabouttheworldbutitcanalsoimproveourtech-shatteredabilitytoconcentrate.Standingintheshoesofothersfine-tunesoursocialunderstanding,usefulaswestruggletounderstandfriends,neighbours,customersandco-workers.Differentpartsofourbrainengageaswesimulatescenes,charactersandmentalstates.Ourimagination—rememberthat?—isrekindled.[D]ItisundoubtedlytruethatallworkandnoplayreallydoesmakeJack,orJill,dull.Thecureisrightathand;readingischeap,easyand,mostimportant,it'sfun.Liberateyourimaginationthisyear.[E]Wearelivingthroughagoldenageofsciencewriting,solucidandaccessiblethatevenlayreaderscanrelishtheunpredictabilityofdiscovery.Dauntedbyuncertainty?Standintheshoesofscientistsandwitnessthedegreetowhichbreakthroughsemergefromaccidents,conflictandsheermentalstamina."Weareneversureofanything,"saysthephysicist(andwriter)CarloRovelli.[F]Youdon'tneedtogetoutmore.If,likemostbusinesspeople,youspendyourlifedashingfromofficetoplane,traintohome,boardroomtowashroom,whatyoureallyneedtodoisstayinmore.Sitdown—andreadabook.[G]Readinghasalsobeenfoundtomakeusmorehelpful,toreducebias,andeventoincreaselongevity—somethingwewillenjoyallthemoreifwehaveagoodbookinourhands.(Andyes,allthesebenefitsaremorecloselyassociatedwithphysicalbooksthandigitalones.)[H]Readfiction.Anyfiction.Freeyourselffromalgorithmsandchoose—anything.Youdon'tneedtechnologyforanimmersiveexperience;justsurrendertonarrativesacrosstimeandplace.Modern(SebastianBarryorOlgaTokarczuk),classic(VirginiaWoolforJamesBaldwin)orgenre(StephenKing,MargaretAtwood,GeorgesSimenon)—itdoesn'tmatter.Fictioninvitesyoutoloiterintheunseen,inthelivesofothers.Wearelivingthroughagoldenageoftranslationtoo,soyoucangoanywhereintimeorplace.答案解析答案：B答案：E答案：A答案：G答案：DPartCDirectionsReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TextScienceeducationtodayrevolvesaroundtheideaofscientificliteracy—thebase-levelknowledgeaboutsciencethatnonscientistsrequiretoeffectivelygetonintheworld.Thisconcepthasservedasacentralgoalforcurriculumdevelopers,localschoolboards,businessandcommunityleaders,andpolicymakerseversinceitsintroductionnearly80yearsago.(46)Tracingthehistoryoftheterm,wecanseehowthedefinitionofscientificliteracyhasshiftedovertime,muddyingthewaterswhenitcomestodeterminingthegoalsofscienceeducation.Andthat'sashame,becausethereismuchtorecommendintheideaofscientificliteracyasitwasoriginallyarticulatedin1945,atimewhenscienceappearedtobethekeytoprogressandscientistsseeminglyheldthefateoftheworldintheirhands.(47)Areturntothatversionofscientificliteracy,whichfocusedmoreonteachingwhatscienceisandhowitworksandlessonmemorizingscientificfacts,seemslikesomethingsocietytodaydesperatelyneeds.IntheUnitedStates,thedesiretoprovidethepublicwithageneral,nontechnicaleducationinscienceoriginatedasfarbackasthelate1800s.(48)Educatorsadvancedtheideaofhavingstudentscompletedetailedlaboratoryexercisesinhighschoolsinthebeliefthatsuchworkwasbeneficialprimarilyasawaytoenhancelogicalreasoningandobservationalskills.Thedevelopmentin1915ofthepopularnewsubject"generalscience"wasanotherefforttotrainstudentstoapplytheprinciplesofsciencetoeveryday,nonscienceproblems.Althoughtheseeffortswereaimedatthenonscience-boundstudent,theyneverreallymadetheirwayintomainstreamthoughtandpublicdiscourseasameanstorallywidespreadsupportfortheimportanceofscienceteachinginschools.(49)Itwasn'tuntilthephrase"scientificliteracy"camealonginthe1940sthatsciencehadtheformidablesloganitneededtocommandpublicattentionandmakeimprovingscienceeducationanimportantnationalgoal.(50)TheintensefocusonscientificliteracyintheUnitedStatesoriginallygrewoutofthecriticalroleofscienceandtechnologyduringWorldWarII,aswellastheperceiveddeficienciesofAmericansoldiers.Asthewarunfolded,sciencerapidlyassumedacentralrole.Battlesincreasinglydependedonnewmilitarytechnologiessuchasradarandtheproximityfuze.Science-basedanalyticalapproachesprovedremarkablysuccessfulinthehuntforGermansubmarinesintheAtlanticOcean.Andtherewasthe(then-secret)workbuildingtheworld'sfirstatomicbomb.Asaresult,scientists—physicistsinparticular—foundthemselvesinhighdemand.中文翻譯(46)追溯該術(shù)語的歷史沿革，我們可以看到科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的定義如何隨時(shí)代變遷而演變，這種定義的游移使得界定科學(xué)教育的目標(biāo)變得混沌不清。(47)回歸那種更注重傳授科學(xué)本質(zhì)與運(yùn)作原理、而非死記科學(xué)事實(shí)的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)版本，似乎正契合當(dāng)今社會(huì)的迫切需求。(48)教育家們曾倡導(dǎo)在高中階段讓學(xué)生完成詳盡的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作，他們相信這類訓(xùn)練主要能通過提升邏輯推理與觀察能力使學(xué)生受益。(49)直到20世紀(jì)40年代“科學(xué)素養(yǎng)”這一概念出現(xiàn)，科學(xué)才擁有了能有效吸引公眾關(guān)注、并將提升科學(xué)教育確立為國家重要目標(biāo)的強(qiáng)有力口號。(50)美國對科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的高度重視，最初源于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間科學(xué)技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵作用，以及當(dāng)時(shí)感知到的美軍士兵的能力缺陷。SectionIIIWritingPartA51.DirectionsReadthefollowingemailfromyourfriendPaulandwritehimareply.Youshou