第1題Anactivelistener__________________________.

Ajumpstoconclusionsaboutthespeaker'smeaningBengageswiththespeakerCtriestorecalleverythingthespeakersaysDisapttobeaffectedbyphysicaldistractions第2題Whenyoureadcritically,youare__________________________.Acriticizingthewriter

BtryingtomemorizewhatiswrittenCrevisingthewritingDanalyzingtheevidenceandthearguments

第3題Tobeacriticalreader,youmustbe__________________________first.Aclearaboutyourownpurposeinreading

BclearaboutyourpersonalinterestCclearaboutthewriter'swritingstyle

Dclearaboutthestrategiesofcriticalreading第4題Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?APublicspeakingcanbeappliedtomanyoccasionsinourlife.BGreatpublicspeakersdonotfeelnervous.CAspeakertriestomemorizethespeechwhenhe/sheisinpractice.DUsingcomplicatedlanguagehelpsyoutobeasuccessfulspeaker.第5題Whatisthespeakermainlytryingtodoinajobinterview?

AThespeakeristryingtoenlightentheaudience.

BThespeakeristryingtoentertaintheaudience.

CThespeakeristryingtopersuadeandconvincetheaudience.

DThespeakeristryingtoteachsomethingtotheaudience.

第1題Allthinkingisdefinedbythe______________thatmakeitup.

AtenelementsBsixelementsCsevenelementsDeightelements第2題Tothinkbetterweneedto_______________.Aborrowother'sopinionsandmakealistofthem

BidentifythecomponentsofthinkingbyaskingessentialquestionsCasksomebodytohelpuswithourquestionsDlistthequestions第3題Thelogicofdecision-makingisdeterminedby_______________.Atheconsequencesofthedecision

Btheprobabilityofsuccessofthedecision

CtheneedtomakeadecisionandtheconsequencesthatfollowthatneedDtheneedtomakeadecisionandtheprobabilityofsuccess

第4題Thegoalofdecision-makingistodecidebetweensomesetofalternatives,theone________________________.AthatmostlybenefitsourselvesaswellasothersBthatiseasyforustomakeachievement

CthatiswithinourbudgetDthatisthemostchallengingforus第5題Withintellectualstandards,theevaluationofreasoningthatwemakewill_______________.AcomefrompersonalpreferenceBbeaccepteduniversallyCbeacceptedbypartoftheaudienceDcomefromdifferentopinionsUnit3Exercise第1題WhatdoesTEDstandfor?ATopic,explanation,anddetails.

BTechnology,education,anddesign.

CThink,elaborate,anddefine.DTheme,example,anddebate.第2題Whenwetakenotes,itisimportantforusto

beforewegointodetails.AgetthebigpictureofthemessageBjotdownthecredentialsoftheauthorCidentifythefaultsinthespeaker'slogicDlookforlinguisticsignpostsbetweenmainpoints

第3題ThestrengthofCornellNote-takingsystemlieswithits

.AcontentBformatCclarityDsummary第4題Whenwetakenotes,wecanusetoshowrelationshipamongideas.Aphotosoftheinstructor'spptslideswithdrawingsBheadingsandbulletpointsinindentedoutlinesCpensofdifferentcolorsandsymbolsDquestionsandsummaries第5題Whenwetakenoteswhilereadingaresearchpaper,weneedto.AmakesurethatweunderstandeverythingBfindanswerstothequestionsintheabstractCfocusontheconclusionofthefindingsDknowthegeneralconstructionofapaperUnit4Exercise第1題Accordingtoourlecture,therearegenerallythreetypesofdefinition.Theyaresentencedefinition,_______,anddefinitionessay.

AconceptdefinitionBworddefinitionCextendeddefinitionDcomparativedefinition第2題AccordingtoWebsterdictionary,definitionmeansastatementexpressingthe________ofsomething.AessentialnatureBsimilarityanddifference

Cclassification

Ddivision

第3題Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionof"dictionary"?AAdictionaryisthereferencebookcontaininganalphabeticallistofwordswithinformationaboutthem.BThedictionaryisthereferencebookcontaininganalphabeticallistofwordswithinformationaboutthem.CThedictionaryisareferencebookcontaininganalphabeticallistofwordswithinformationaboutthem.DAdictionaryisareferencebookcontaininganalphabeticallistofwordswithinformationaboutthem.第4題Comparedwiththesentencedefinition,extendeddefinitionconsistsof_______.AmoredataandfiguresBmoreexamples

CmorestoriesDmorecontentandampleinformation第5題Fromwhichperspectiveisthefollowingdefinitiongiven?

Aspacecraftisavehicle,vesselormachinedesignedtoflyinouterspace.Itisusedforavarietyofpurposes,includingcommunications,earthobservation,meteorology,navigation,planetaryexplorationandtransportationofhumansandcargo.

AFuturepredictionBApplicationCHistoricaldevelopmentDPurposeUnit5Exercise第1題Whichofthefollowingisapossiblecauseoftheevent"thehighspeedtrainisunderdevelopedintheUS"?AAmericansdon'tlikethehighspeedtrain.BHighwaynetworkisadvanced.CThegeographyisunsuitableforthehighspeedtrain.DThehighspeedtraindamagesenvironment.第2題Whichofthefollowingisapossibleeffectofonlineshopping?AFewerpeoplegotoshoppingmalls.BPricesdecline.CYoungstershaveeyesightproblems.DWomenspendmorethanmen.第3題WhenweevaluatethecausalrelationshipbetweenSpringFestivalandconsumption,whichofthefollowingplacescantestthesimultaneousabsenceofthecauseandeffect?AVietNamBChinaCTheUnitedStatesDSingapore第4題Obesityiscorrelatedwith_________.AgenderBnationalityCresidentialplace

Ddiet第5題Asonegrowsup,________grows.AincomeBaestheticabilityCverbalabilityDemotionUnit6Exercise第1題Whatdistinguishesanextendedexamplefromothertypesofexamples?AItisbrief.

BItispersonal.CItisgiveninpassing.DItprovidesmoredetails.第2題Whatdistinguishesahypotheticalexamplefromothertypesofexamples?AItisaspecificinstance.BItdescribesanimaginarysituation.CItisemotionallyappealing.DItisastoryoranecdote.第3題Whichistrueofreasoningbyexample?AToapplyageneralprincipletoaspecificinstance.BTocometoaconclusionfromanumberofspecificcases.

CTodrawacomparisonbetweentwospecificcases.DTorevealthecause-effectrelationshipbetweentwocases.第4題Whataretheguidelinesofreasoningbyexample?a.Examplesmustbesufficient.b.Examplesmustberelevant.c.Examplesmustberepresentative.d.Examplemustbeinteresting.Aa,bandcBa,canddCb,canddDa,bandd第5題Whichofthefollowingisrecommendedtoenhancetheeffectofreasoningbyexample?AUseasmanyexamplesasyoucan.

BCombineexampleswithstatisticsortestimony.

CDon'tstatetheconclusionexplicitlyDDon'tgivemanydetailsinyourexample.Unit7Exercise第1題Inamodeofreasoningbyprinciple,theantecedentinthefirstpremiseisaffirmedinthesecondpremise,andtheconsequentisnaturallyobtainedastheconclusion.Thenthismodeis_________________.Amodusponens

Bmodustollens

CinductivereasoningDdeductivereasoning第2題Inamodeofreasoningbyprinciple,theconsequentinthefirstpremiseisdeniedornegatedinthesecondpremise,andtheconclusiondeducedisthenegationoftheantecedent.Thenthismodeis_________________.Amodusponens

Bmodustollens

CinductivereasoningDdeductivereasoning第3題Reasoningbyprincipleshouldbecategorizedasatypeof_________________.Ainductivereasoning

Bdeductivereasoning

CabductivereasoningDreasoningbyinference第4題Iftheclaimsallowforthepossibilitythattheconclusionscanbefalse,thiswayofreasoningiscalled_________________.Amodusponens

BmodustollensCinductivereasoningDdeductivereasoning第5題In_________________,aconclusionisreachedreductivelybyapplyinggeneralrules,whichit'sdeemedas_________________logic.Ainductivereasoning,bottom-upBinductivereasoning,top-downCdeductivereasoning,bottom-upDdeductivereasoning,top-downUnit8Exercise第1題Whatisthepremiseforaneffectiveargument?AItshouldcontaintheword"because".BItshouldbeacceptedbymostpeople.CItshouldincludeaclaimandatleastareason.DItshouldprovideasmanyreasonsaspossible.第2題Ifwehavetriedourbestbutstillcan'tfindanyvalidevidencetosupportaclaim,weshould_______.AcreateavividstoryrelatedtothepointBreconsiderthejustificationoftheclaimCtrytopersuadeotherswithemotionalspeechDrepeatthemainideainaveryaffirmativeway第3題Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtomakeanargumentmoreacceptable?AAconfidenttone.BAflashofinspiration.CPassionatethinkingandintuition.DCommonsenseorsocialconsensus.第4題Ifwefindboththeconsumptionofice-creamandthedrowningaccidentsincreaseinsummer,wecandrawtheconclusionthat________.AtheyhavecorrelationBtheyhavecausalrelationCtheyarethereasonsforthesameresultDtheycan'tbetheresultsofthesamereason第5題Ifwewanttoimprovethesufficiencyofanargument,wecanargue________.AfromgeneraltoprincipleBfromtheoreticaltoempiricalCfromaspectsofrevenue,incomeandtaxationDfromaspectsofcommonsense,consensusandmoralityUnit9Exercise第1題Whichitemis"A"intheARSprinciplestoevaluatetheeffectivenessofanargument?AApproval.

BAgreement.

CAim.DAcceptability.第2題Whenwerefutedefinitions,we___________.AcheckthatlogicalconnectionsareclearandsoundBwatchforunfoundedassumptionsCseekambiguityanduncertainty

Dlookforbias,intentionalorotherwise第3題Whenwerefutethelogic,we___________.AtestcausesforclearanddirectconnectionsBshowthattherearecontradictorydefinitionsCverifythatmeaningsarecleartoeveryoneDchallengeexpertiseandassumptionsofauthority第4題Whenwerefutegrounds,we____________.Acheckforsingle,clearmeaningsBdigintothedatabeingusedtosupportthemainclaimCrefutethewarrantthatlinksthegroundstotheclaimDfindtheweakestlinkinthechainandfocusonituntilitbreaks第5題Whenwerefutesupport,we_________.AseekcracksandchinksinthearmorBmakeitmoreinterestingandappealingCseektouncoversuppressedevidenceDusesoliddatathatcannotbechallengedUnit10Exercise第1題Whataspectsofevidenceshouldweconsiderwhenweidentifyafallacyinanargument?ARelevance,agreement,andacceptability.

BRelevance,acceptability,andsufficiency.

CAgreement,relevance,andsufficiency.DAcceptability,agreement,andsufficiency.第2題Ifthereisnoevidenceintheargument,thenitisafallacyof___________.AproblematicpremisesBirrelevantreasonsChastygeneralizationDuntrueconclusion第3題Whichargumentisaposthocfallacy?AThisisthebestwaytotakenotes,becausemyteachertoldmethat.BItisagoodmoviebecauseallmyfriendslikeit.CDon'tbelievewhathesaid,becausehealwaysliestous.DWhenhelefthome,itstartedtorain.Hebroughttheraintous.第4題Asheisnotlying,soheistellingthetruth.Itisafallacyof__________.AfaultyanalogyBbeggingthequestionCredherringDhastygeneralization第5題IfyoubuythisTV,youwillbuythatrefrigerator.Itisafallacyof_______.AslipperyslopeBadhominemCfaultyanalogyDredherringUnit11Exercise第1題Asummaryisa_______________.ArepetitionoftheoriginalcontentBnewideadifferentfromtheoriginalcontent

Ccondensedversionofother'sideainyourwordsDparaph