■工作任務(wù)：認(rèn)識(shí)無(wú)人機(jī)的分類和工作流程■學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：掌握無(wú)人機(jī)的分類和應(yīng)用■

重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：無(wú)人機(jī)的工作流程■

推薦學(xué)時(shí)：6學(xué)時(shí)1.IntroductionAnunmannedaerialvehicle(UAV),commonlyknownasadrone,isanaircraftwithoutahumanpilotaboard.UAVsareacomponentofanunmannedaircraftsystem(UAS);whichincludeaUAV,aground-basedcontroller,andasystemofcommunicationsbetweenthetwo.TheflightofUAVsmayoperatewithvariousdegreesofautonomy:eitherunderremotecontrolbyahumanoperatororautonomouslybyonboardcomputers.2.Classification

ClassificationFlightmodeFixedwingUAV,rotorwing(propeller,multirotor)UAV,umbrellawingUAV,flappingwingUAV,unmannedairshipUAVVolumeweightMiniatureUAV:<severalkilograms,SmallsizeUAV:<200KgMediumsizeUAV:200-500kg,LargeUAV:>500KgDistanceShortrangeUAV:5-50km,ShortrangeUAV:50-200km;MediumrangeUAV:200-800km,RemoteUAV:>800KmApplicationMilitaryUAV,civilianUAVFlightheightUltra-lowaltitudeUAV:0-100m,LowaltitudeUAV:100-1000m,HollowUAV:1000-7000m,AltitudeUAV:7000-18000m,SuperhighaltitudeUAV:>18000m3.Workflow(1)Startinterface:realizetheplanningofthetaskquickly,enterthetaskmonitoringinterface,realizethefastautomaticfilingoftheaerialtask,dividethefunctions,andrealizethespecialandstableoperationofthesoftware.(2)Pre-flightinspection:inordertoensurethesafetyofthetask,automatictestingiscarriedoutwithflightcontrolsoftwarebeforetakeofftoensurethattheaircraft'sGPS,compass,airspeedtubeanditspitchingrollareingoodcondition,soastoavoidthedangeroussituationintheaerial.(3)Flightmissionplanning:flightmissionplanningiscarriedoutinthreemodesofregionalaerialphotography,navigationandblending.(4)Flightmonitoring:mastertheattitude,orientation,airspeed,position,batteryvoltage,real-timewindspeed,winddirection,andmissiontimeoftheaircraftinrealtime,soastofacilitateoperatorstojudgethefeasibilityofthetaskinrealtimeandfurtherensurethesafetyofthetask.(5)Imagestitching:aftertheaerialmissioniscompleted,navigationaerialimagesareusedforimagestitchingintheresearcharea.4.Applications(1)Scientificresearch.UAVsareespeciallyusefulinaccessingareasthataretoodangerousformannedaircraft.TheU.S.NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationbeganusingtheAerosondeunmannedaircraftsystemin2006asahurricanehunter.The35-poundsystemcanflyintoahurricaneandcommunicatenear-real-timedatadirectlytotheNationalHurricaneCenter.Beyondthestandardbarometricpressureandtemperaturedatatypicallyculledfrommannedhurricanehunters,theAerosondesystemprovidesmeasurementsfromclosertothewater'ssurfacethanbefore.(2)Journalism.ThecameradevicecarriedbytheUAVisusedforlarge-scaleaerialphotographytoachievetheeffectofaerialoverlooking.(3)Cargotransport.UAVscantransportmedicinesandvaccines,andretrievemedicalsamples,intoandoutofremoteorotherwiseinaccessibleregions.Withtherapiddemiseofsnailmailandtheexplosivedoubledigitgrowthofe-commerce,postalcompanieshavebeenforcedtoseeknewwaystoyondtheirtraditionalletterdeliverybusinessmodels.Differentpostalcompanieshaveundertakenvariousdronetrialsastheytestthefeasibilityandprofitabilityofunmanneddeliverydroneservices.(4)Agriculture.Agriculturaldronesaredronesappliedtofarminginordertohelpincreasecropproductionandmonitorcropgrowth.Throughtheuseofadvancedsensorsanddigitalimagingcapabilities,farmersareabletousethesedronestohelpthemgatheraricherpictureoftheirfields.Informationgatheredfromsuchequipmentmayproveusefulinimprovingcropyieldsandfarmefficiency.Additionally,thedronecansurveythecropsforthefarmerperiodicallytotheirliking.Weekly,daily,orevenhourly,picturescanshowthechangesinthecropsovertime,thusshowingpossible“troublespots”.Havingidentifiedthesetroublespots,thefarmercanattempttoimprovecropmanagementandproduction.(5)Trafficsurveillance.UAVstakepartinurbantrafficmanagementtomonitorandcontroltrafficflow,soastoensuresmoothtrafficandrespondtounexpectedtrafficincidentsandimplementemergencyrescue.(6)Disasterrelief.UAVscanhelpindisasterreliefbyprovidingintelligenceacrossanaffectedarea.TherapidactionoftheUAVisvery