武漢大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)學(xué)年高度高一年級(jí)上學(xué)期月月考英語(yǔ)試卷注意事項(xiàng)：答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題紙上?；卮疬x擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題紙上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題紙上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分分)第一節(jié)共5小題：每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoweknowabouttheboy?A.Heisgoodatmath.B.Hedidn’tpassthechemistrytest.C.Hedoesn’tagreewiththewoman.2.WhyisSmithsosuccessful?A.Becausehenevermakesanymistake.B.Becausehecananswerquestionsquickly.C.Becauseheisalwaysthinkingofothers.3.Whatsubjectisthegirlgoodat?A.Physics.B.Chemistry.C.Chinese.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Husbandandwife.C.Parentandchild.5.WhenwillHenrystarthisvacation?A.Thisweekend.B.Nextweek.C.AttheendofJuly.第二節(jié)共小題：每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatisthewomangoingtocook?A.Steak.B.Pizza.C.Friedchicken.7.WhatdoesHarrythinkofthewoman’scooking?A.Great.B.C.Justsoso.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.InPhoenix.B.InNewC.InLosAngeles.9.WhydidRobertgotoanewcity?第1頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)A.work.B.visitsomefriends.C.gosightseeing.10.WhatdoesRobertmostprobablythinkofMary?A.Funny.B.Hardworking.C.Kindhearted.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。WhatkindofjobdidSharonapplyfor?A.Adriver.B.Ateacher.C.Acoach.12.WhereisSharonnow?A.NewB.Boston.C.California.13.WhatcanweknowaboutJames?A.HeforgottheB.Hefailedtofindajob.C.Hegraduatedlastyear.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.Whatmighttherelationshipbetweenthewomanandherparentsbe?A.Good.B.Bad.C.Hardtotell.15.Howoldmightthegirlbe?A.15.B.17.C.18.16.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Thegirlhasnopocketmoney.B.Thegirlhasmuchfreedom.C.Thegirlwantstogoonholidayswithherparents.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。17.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.InterviewMr.Smith.B.HoldapartyforMr.Smith.C.ChooseagiftforMr.Smith'sbirthday.18.Whatsubjectdoesthewomanteach?A.Music.B.English.C.History.19.WhatdoesthemanthinkofMr.Smith?A.Strict.B.C.Humorous.20.WhatgiftwillthespeakersgiveMr.Smith?A.Avideo.B.Aredscarf.C.AniPad.第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題5分，滿(mǎn)分5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AABOUTTHEPROGRAMBaliwildlifevolunteershelptocareforavarietyofanimalspecies.helppromoteandimprovethewellbeingofanimalsatthewildlifecentre.第2頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)VOLUNTEERROLE&TYPICALAsawildlifevolunteerinBali,youwillrotate(輪換)acrossseveraloftheprojectsandlocationsweworkin,gainingawiderangeofinsightsintothemanywaysvolunteerscanmakeanimpactduringtheirtimeontheprogram.Whileontheproject,youwillworkalongsideothermemberswhohaveyearsofexperience.activitiesyouwillgetinvolvedinduringyourtimeasavolunteerinBaliCentreincludefeeding,cleaning,dailycareandsoon.REQUIREMENTSjointheprogram,youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldandabletospeakEnglishattheintermediate(中級(jí)的)level.shouldbephysicallyfit,asvolunteeringoverseascanbequitehard.Ifyouhaveanyhealthproblemsthatmayyourparticipation,youmustreportthemtousinyouronlineapplication.Asforthetimemitment,volunteersareexpectedtoworkabout35hoursperdayfromMondaytoThursday,andFridayisoptionalbutisencouraged.FREETIMEACTIVITIESParticipantsgenerallyvolunteeronaMondayThursdaybasisandontheweekendsarefreetorelaxortravelaround.Thewidertravelopportunityisextremelyimportanttothewholeexperienceanditissomethingwecertainlyremend.Ourloalteamisabletoarrangefreeactivities,transportationandacmodationbutpleasenotethisisusuallyanindependentexperienceoutsideofthecoreprogram.1.Whatistheaimoftheprogram?A.contributetothewellbeingofwildanimals.B.promoteenvironmentalconservation.C.teachanimalrescuetechniques.D.conductwildliferesearch.2.Whatisaspecificrequirementforvolunteers?A.Havingexperienceinwildliferescue.B.BeinggoodatwrittenEnglish.C.Beingingoodcondition.D.Reachingadulthood.3.Whatdoweknowaboutvolunteers?A.Theirworklocationsarefixed.B.Theyhavetoworkonweekends.C.Theyneedtopayfortransportation.D.Theycantravelaroundduringtheirfreetime.第3頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了巴厘島野生動(dòng)物志愿者項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】ABOUTTHEPROGRAM部分中“Baliwildlifevolunteershelptocareforavarietyofanimalspecies.helppromoteandimprovethewellbeingofanimalsatthewildlifecentre.(巴厘島野生動(dòng)物志愿者幫助照顧各種動(dòng)物物種。志愿者幫助促進(jìn)和改善野生動(dòng)物中心動(dòng)物的福祉)”可知，該項(xiàng)目的目的是為野生動(dòng)物的福祉做出貢獻(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】REQUIREMENTS部分中“shouldbephysicallyfit,asvolunteeringoverseascanbequitehard.()好。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FREETIMEACTIVITIES部分中“ParticipantsgenerallyvolunteeronaMondayThursdaybasisandontheweekendsarefreetorelaxortravelaround.(參與者通常在周一至周四做志愿者，周末可以自由放松或四處旅行)”可知，志愿者在空閑時(shí)間可以四處旅行。故選D項(xiàng)。BStartingatthebookcasesinmystudy,packedwithsomanygreatbooksthathadremainedunread,Iheardaloudvoiceinmyhead—“Howcanyouleavethesemasterpiecesunread?”ThefirstbookIpickedupwasMontaigne’sEssays.mysurprise,Idiscoveredinthemargins(頁(yè)邊空白)myownfixedhandwriting.SoIwasactuallyreadingitagain,butwhatIwasrereadingseemedentirelyIalsofoundsentencesunderlined.OnlythistimeIwondered:WhydidIunderlinethissentence?It’sthenextonethatisimportant!Clearly,myviewofreadinghadchangedovertheyears.Thisraisedthelargerquestionofrereading,whichesinmanyforms.There’svoluntaryrereading,theresultofawillfuldecisiontorevisitabookonehasadmired,ortoconfirmcertaindetailsinthetext.Adevotedteachermightwishtorefreshhisunderstandingofawork,andthusavoidteachingthroughthesameoldwrittennoteswithsoporific(令人昏昏欲睡的)effects.Next,there’sinvoluntaryrereading.Theoriginalreadingwaseitherforgottenorsototallyabsorbedthatthenewchanceencounterwiththetextproducedsurpriseandastonishment.Myreactiontotherenewedreadingnolongerfeltliketheoriginalexperience,andIwasnolongersurethatIrecognizedmyselfasthesamereader.第4頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)Thentherearewhatonemightcallsubconscious(潛意識(shí)的)rereadings,thosethathappenwithoutreading—muchlikerecallingasongwithoutactuallybeingheardagain.Thisrememberedconnectiontobooksstayswithusforlife,shapingandstrengtheningus.mayovertheyearsrecitetoourselvespoemslearntbyheartlongago,whichhavebeepartofourselfrecognition.Allofthesewaysofreadingarevaluable.The“new”reading,aformofrevision,uncoversthechangeinus.Thenewnessisnotinthetext.Rereadingmakesitpossibleforustoseetheworldaroundus,ourselvesincluded,inanewlight.4.WhatdidtheauthorfindwhenreadingMontaigne’sEssays?A.Hecouldn’tunderstandit.B.Itwashisfavoritework.C.Hehadmadenotesinit.D.Itwasabrandnewcopy.5.Whatcouldbeapurposeofvoluntaryrereadingforateacher?A.learnfromadmirablecharacters.B.improvethequalityofteaching.C.collectdetailsforwritingnovels.D.helpmakeimportantdecisions.6.Whatcaninvoluntaryrereadingbringabout?A.Betterreadingskills.B.Originalpreferenceforbooks.C.Fasterreadingspeed.D.Unexpectedreadingexperience.7.Whatcanbelearntaboutsubconsciousrereading?A.Ithelpsmakewhoweare.B.Itpreventsmemoryfromfading.C.Itinvolvesactualreading.D.Itworksbestwithpoetryandmusic.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了重讀書(shū)籍的三種形式（主動(dòng)重讀、無(wú)意重讀、潛意識(shí)重讀）及其價(jià)值，強(qiáng)調(diào)重讀能讓人們以新視角認(rèn)識(shí)世界與自我?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“mysurprise,Idiscoveredinthemargins(頁(yè)邊空白)myownfixedhandwriting.SoIwasactuallyreadingitagain,butwhatIwasrereadingseemedentirelyIalsofoundsentencesunderlined.(令我意外的是，我發(fā)現(xiàn)書(shū)頁(yè)的空白處留有自己往日工整的字跡。原來(lái)我竟是在重讀這本書(shū)，可書(shū)中內(nèi)容讀起來(lái)卻全然像一本新書(shū)。我還看到有些句子被劃了橫線。)”可知，作者重讀《蒙田隨筆》時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)書(shū)頁(yè)空白處有自己的字跡，還有劃?rùn)M線的句子，即他之前在書(shū)中做過(guò)筆記。故選C。【5題詳解】第5頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Adevotedteachermightwishtorefreshhisunderstandingofawork,andthusavoidteachingthroughthesameoldwrittennoteswithsoropific(讓人睡醒的)effects.(一位用心教學(xué)的老師或許會(huì)通過(guò)重讀來(lái)更新自己對(duì)作品的理解，這樣就能避免照著陳舊的備課筆記授課，以免內(nèi)容枯燥得讓學(xué)生昏昏欲睡。)”可知，用心的教師主動(dòng)重讀作品是為了更新對(duì)作品的理解，避免使用陳舊筆記授課導(dǎo)致內(nèi)容枯燥，也就是說(shuō)是為了提升教學(xué)質(zhì)量。故選B。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theoriginalreadingwaseitherforgottenorsototallyabsorbedthatthenewchanceencounterwiththetextproducedsurpriseandastonishment.Myreactiontotherenewedreadingnolongerfeltliketheoriginalexperience,andIwasnolongersurethatIrecognizedmyselfasthesamereader.(要么是早已忘了曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書(shū)，要么是當(dāng)初閱讀時(shí)太過(guò)投入。當(dāng)再次偶然翻看這本書(shū)時(shí)，內(nèi)心滿(mǎn)是驚訝。這次閱讀帶來(lái)的感受和初次閱讀截然不同，我甚至都覺(jué)得，當(dāng)初那個(gè)讀書(shū)的自己和現(xiàn)在的自己判若兩人。)”可知，無(wú)意重讀時(shí)，因當(dāng)初閱讀記憶模糊或過(guò)于投入，再次偶遇文本會(huì)產(chǎn)生驚訝感，且閱讀感受與初次截然不同，即會(huì)擁有意想不到的閱讀體驗(yàn)。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Thisrememberedconnectiontobooksstayswithusforlife,shapingandstrengtheningus.mayovertheyearsrecitetoourselvespoemslearntbyheartlongago,whichhavebeepartofourselfrecognition.(這種與書(shū)籍之間的記憶聯(lián)結(jié)會(huì)伴隨我們一生，不斷塑造并磨礪我們。多年來(lái)，我們或許會(huì)時(shí)常默念那些很久以前熟記于心的詩(shī)歌，而這些詩(shī)歌早已成為自我認(rèn)知的一部分。)”可知，潛意識(shí)重讀與書(shū)籍的記憶聯(lián)結(jié)會(huì)伴隨一生，塑造并磨礪我們，且熟記的內(nèi)容會(huì)成為自我認(rèn)知的一部分，即它有助于塑造我們的人格。故選A。CHiromuapostdoctoralresearcherattheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanDevelopment,firstbecameawareofdifferencesinhisownvocabularyaboutayearafterChatGPTcameout.Researchershadpreviouslyfoundthatuseoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasthosethatpowerChatGPT,waschangingvocabularychoicesinwrittenmunication,andandhiscolleagueswantedtoknowwhetherspokenmunicationwasbeingaffected,too.ResearchersfirstusedChatGPTtoeditlargeamountsoftextlikeemailsandarticlesusinginstructionssuchas“polish”or“improveclarity.”TheyidentifiedwordsChatGPTaddedfrequently,like“delve,”labelingtheseGPTwords.Next,theteamanalyzedover360,000videosand770,000podcast(播客)episodesfrombeforeandafterChatGPT’sreleasetotracktheuseofGPTwordsovertime.TheyparedtheGPTwordswith第6頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)“synthetic(合成)controls,”whichwereformedbymathematicallyweightingsynonyms(同義詞)thatweren’tfrequentlyusedbythechatbotsuchsynonymsfor“delve,”forexample,couldinclude“examine”and“explore.”Theteam’sresultsshowasignificantriseinGPTwordsinthe18monthsafterChatGPT’srelease.Thewordsdidn’tjustappearinformal,scriptedvideosorpodcastepisodes;theywerepepperedintonaturalconversation,too.“ThepatternsstoredinAItechnologyseemtobesendingbacktothehumanmind,”notescoauthorLevinBrinkmann,describingaculturalfeedbackcycle:humanstrainAIontext,AIreturnsstatisticallyremixedversions,andthenpeopleunconsciouslyadoptitspatterns.“It’snaturalforhumanstoimitateoneanother,butwe’remorelikelytocopywhatsomeoneelseisdoingifweperceivethemasbeingknowledgeableorimportant,”Brinkmannsays.AsmorepeoplelooktoAIasaculturalauthority,theymayrelyonandimitateitoverothersources,resultinginalikenessoflanguagestylesandexpressions.LLMs’culturalimpactiscritical,accordingtotheUniversityofChicagoexpertJamesEvans.“Inthismomentintheevolution(進(jìn)化)ofLLMs,lookingatworddistributionistherightmethodologytounderstandhowthetechnologyisaffectingthewaywemunicate,”hesays,“Butasthemodelsmature,thesedistributionsaregoingtobehardertodistinguish.”Scientistsmayneedtolookatbroaderlinguistictrendsbeyondwordchoice,suchassentencestructureandhowideasarepresented.8.Whatmadebeginthenewresearch?A.DesiretoexplorepotentialsofLLMs.B.Changesinpersonalvocabularychoices.C.Previousresearchonwrittenmunication.D.DissatisfactionoverpoorperformanceofChatGPT.9.WhyweretheGPTwordstrackedintheresearch?A.showhowdiversetheyare.B.measuretheirinfluenceonlanguage.C.checkiftheyworkinvariouscontexts.D.parethemwithhumanwordchoices.10.Brinkmannmentionsthetrendoftheculturalfeedbackcycletoillustrate________.A.itprovidesadifferentapproachtolearningB.itresultsinmisjudgmentofculturalauthoritiesC.itisanaturalpartoftechnologicaldevelopmentD.itcarriesahiddenrisktotherichnessoflanguage第7頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)Whatissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A.Anotableincreaseinsamplesize.B.Aprobableshiftinthefutureresearchfocus.C.Atimelyapplicationoftheresearchfindings.D.Athoroughevaluationofthecurrentresearch.【答案】8.B9.B10.DB【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究者針對(duì)ChatGPT等大型語(yǔ)言模型是否影響口頭交流展開(kāi)研究，以及研究過(guò)程、結(jié)果和相關(guān)專(zhuān)家看法?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“HiromuapostdoctoralresearcherattheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanDevelopment,firstbecameawareofdifferencesinhisownvocabularyaboutayearafterChatGPTcameout.Researchershadpreviouslyfoundthatuseoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasthosethatpowerChatGPT,waschangingvocabularychoicesinwrittenmunication,andandhiscolleagueswantedtoknowwhetherspokenmunicationwasbeingaffected,too.(馬克斯·普朗克人類(lèi)發(fā)展研究所的博士后研究員弘木HiromuChatGPT問(wèn)世大約一年后，首次意識(shí)到自己的詞匯使用的差異。研究人員此前發(fā)現(xiàn)，像為ChatGPT提供支持的那些大型語(yǔ)言模型（LLM）的使用，正在改變書(shū)面交流中的詞匯選擇，而矢?jìng)}和他的同事們想知道口頭交流是否也受到了影響)”可知，矢?jìng)}開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)新研究是因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)自己的詞匯選擇發(fā)生了變化，且受此前書(shū)面交流相關(guān)研究啟發(fā)，想探究口頭交流是否受影響，核心觸發(fā)點(diǎn)是個(gè)人詞匯選擇的變化。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Next,theteamanalyzedover360,000videosand770,000podcast(播客)episodesfrombeforeandafterChatGPT’sreleasetotracktheuseofGPTwordsovertime.TheyparedtheGPTwordswith“synthetic(合成)controls,”whichwereformedbymathematicallyweightingsynonyms(同義詞)thatweren’tfrequentlyusedbythechatbot—suchsynonymsfor“delve,”forexample,couldinclude“examine”and“explore.”(接下來(lái)，該團(tuán)隊(duì)分析了ChatGPT發(fā)布前后的超過(guò)36萬(wàn)個(gè)視頻和77萬(wàn)個(gè)播客劇集，以追蹤GPTGPTdelve”的同義詞可能包括“examine”和“explore”)GPT使用變化，進(jìn)而衡量大型語(yǔ)言模型對(duì)人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言（包括口頭交流）的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。第8頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)【10題詳解】ThepatternsstoredinAItechnologyseemtobesendingbacktothehumanmind,”notescoauthorLevinBrinkmann,describingaculturalfeedbackcycle:humanstrainAIontext,AIreturnsstatisticallyremixedversions,andthenpeopleunconsciouslyadoptitspatterns.“It’snaturalforhumanstoimitateoneanother,butwe’remorelikelytocopywhatsomeoneelseisdoingifweperceivethemasbeingknowledgeableorimportant,”Brinkmannsays.AsmorepeoplelooktoAIasaculturalauthority,theymayrelyonandimitateitoverothersources,resultinginalikenessoflanguagestylesandexpressions.(合著者萊文·布林克曼（LevinBrinkmann人類(lèi)用文本訓(xùn)練人工智能，人工智能返回經(jīng)過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)重組的版本，然后人們無(wú)意識(shí)地采用這些模式。布林克隨著越來(lái)越多的人將人工智能視為文化權(quán)威，他們可能會(huì)更多地依賴(lài)和模仿人工智能，而非其他來(lái)源，從而導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格和表達(dá)方式的趨同)AI視為權(quán)威而模仿其語(yǔ)言模式，導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格趨同，這對(duì)語(yǔ)言的豐富性存在潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！绢}詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Inthismomentintheevolution(進(jìn)化)ofLLMs,lookingatworddistributionistherightmethodologytounderstandhowthetechnologyisaffectingthewaywemunicate,”hesays,“Butasthemodelsmature,thesedistributionsaregoingtobehardertodistinguish.”Scientistsmayneedtolookatbroaderlinguistictrendsbeyondwordchoice,suchassentencestructureandhowideasarepresented.(模型發(fā)展的這個(gè)階段，觀察詞匯分布是了解該技術(shù)如何影響我們交流方式的正確方法。但隨著模型的成熟，方式)”可知，最后一段暗示，隨著大型語(yǔ)言模型的成熟，未來(lái)的研究重點(diǎn)可能會(huì)從當(dāng)前的詞匯分布轉(zhuǎn)向更廣泛的語(yǔ)言趨勢(shì)，即研究重點(diǎn)可能會(huì)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。故選B項(xiàng)。DEverymorningwhenthealarmgoesmanypeoplefaceahardchoice:tosnooze(打盹)ornottosnooze?IfyouhappentobeaniPhoneuser,youmayhavewonderedwhythesnoozebuttongivesyouexactlynineminutes.Thisnumberisnotacasualchoiceasitistiedtohistoricaldesignandhumansleepscience.ThenineminutesnoozeperiodisnotuniquetotheiPhone.Inthemid20thcentury,whenmechanical(機(jī)械的)alarmclockswerethemaintypeonthemarket,aleadingproducerintroducedasnoozealarm.However,thestandardgearsofmechanicalclocksmadeitdifficulttosetadoubledigitsnoozeperiod.Engineerseventuallysettledonnineminutes,thelargestpossiblesingledigit(個(gè)位數(shù)的),toavoidtheneedtoredesigntheclock’s第9頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)mechanism.Applemighthavetakenthenineminutesnoozetohonorthisearlyinvention.Fromaphysiologicalpointofview,anineminuteperiodispractical.Ourbodiesstarttofallintothesecondstageofasleepcycleabout10minutesafterfallingasleep.Therefore,asnoozeperiodofnineminutesallowsforlesssuddenawakeningasithelpsavoidadeeperstageofsleep.Thistimingcanalsoreducesleepinessandmakeitslightlyeasiertowakeupwhenthealarmringsagain.Thedebateoverwhethersnoozingishelpfulorharmfulcontinuesamongsleepexperts.Someresearchsuggeststhatsnoozingprovidesenoughtimeforthebodyandbraintoshiftgraduallyfromsleeptowakefulness.Ontheotherhand,otherstudiesarguethatwhilehittingthesnoozebuttonmightgiveyouabrieffeelingofextrarest,itfragmentsyoursleepandmakesyoumoretiredthanifyouwakeupwiththefirstalarm.Continuous,undisturbedsleepisgenerallybetterformentalabilitiesandoverallhealth.Finally,understandingyourownsleeppatternscanhelpyoumakethedecisionbetweenwhethertokeephittingthesnoozebuttonorembracethecruelrealityofthefirstalarm.12.Whywasanineminutesnoozetimechosenformechanicalalarmclocks?A.showrespecttotheearlydesign.B.followthetrendofotherclockproducers.C.matchtheprinciplesofhumansleepscience.D.avoidthechangeoftheclock’sinnerstructure.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fragment”inthelastparagraphmean?A.worsenB.breakC.shortenD.delay14.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestattheendofthepassage?A.Keephittingthesnoozebuttontogetextrarest.B.Makeachoicebyconsideringyourownsleephabits.C.Ignorethesnoozingandfollowyoursleeppatterns.D.Considerbothpositiveandnegativeofsnoozingbeforedeciding.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NineMinutesofExtraRestorNineMinutesofRegret?B.IstheNineMinutesnoozeBeneficialtoOurSleepRoutine?C.WhyistheSnoozeButtonanImportantFeatureofAlarmClocks?D.HowDoestheSnoozeButtontoInfluenceOurSleepQuality?【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要圍繞鬧鐘的九分鐘打盹展開(kāi)，討論了其歷史原因、生理依據(jù)以及打盹的第10頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)利弊，最后建議根據(jù)自己的睡眠習(xí)慣決定是否打盹。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“However,thestandardgearsofmechanicalclocksmadeitdifficulttosetadoubledigitsnoozeperiod.Engineerseventuallysettledonnineminutes,thelargestpossiblesingledigit(個(gè)位數(shù)的),toavoidtheneedtoredesigntheclock’smechanism.(然而，機(jī)械時(shí)鐘的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)齒輪使得它很難設(shè)置一個(gè)兩位數(shù)的休眠時(shí)間。工程師們最終確定為9分鐘，這是最大的個(gè)位數(shù)，以避免重新設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)鐘的機(jī)制。)”可知，機(jī)械鬧鐘選擇九分鐘打盹是為了避免改變時(shí)鐘的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段“makesyoumoretiredthanifyouwakeupwiththefirstalarm.Continuous,undisturbedsleepisgenerallybetterformentalabilitiesandoverallhealth(這會(huì)讓你比鬧鐘一響就醒更累。持續(xù)的、不受干擾的睡眠通常對(duì)心智能力和整體健康都有好處)”可知，雖然按下貪睡按鈕可能會(huì)給你一種短暫的額外休息的感覺(jué)，但它會(huì)打斷你的睡眠，讓你比第一次鬧鈴就醒來(lái)更累，fragmentsbreak意思相近。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Finally,understandingyourownsleeppatternscanhelpyoumakethedecisionbetweenwhethertokeephittingthesnoozebuttonorembracethecruelrealityofthefirstalarm.(睡眠模式可以幫助你做出決定，是繼續(xù)按下貪睡按鈕，還是接受第一個(gè)鬧鐘的殘酷現(xiàn)實(shí)。)”可知，作者建議根據(jù)自己的睡眠習(xí)慣來(lái)做決定，故選B?！?5題詳解】Everymorningwhenthealarmgoesmanypeoplefaceahardchoice:tosnooze(打盹)ornottosnooze?IfyouhappentobeaniPhoneuser,youmayhavewonderedwhythesnoozebuttongivesyouexactlynineminutes.Thisnumberisnotacasualchoiceasitistiedtohistoricaldesignandhumansleepscience.(你碰巧是iPhone用戶(hù)，你可能想知道為什么貪睡按鈕會(huì)給你整整9分鐘。這個(gè)數(shù)字不是隨便選擇的，因?yàn)樗c歷史設(shè)計(jì)和人類(lèi)睡眠科學(xué)有關(guān)。)”可知，文章主要圍繞鬧鐘的九分鐘打盹展開(kāi)，討論了其歷史原因、生理依據(jù)以及打盹的利弊，最后建議根據(jù)自己的睡眠習(xí)慣決定是否打盹，因此本文最好的標(biāo)題是A選項(xiàng)“NineMinutesofExtraRestorNineMinutesofRegret?(九分鐘額外休息還是九分鐘后悔？)”。故選A。第二節(jié)共5小題每小題5分，滿(mǎn)分5分)第11頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)Doeswhatyoueatyourmood?Couldyourfoodhaveonyourmentalwellbeing?___16___Severalingredientsandmethodsaccountforthat.oftenworryaboutproteinintakebutdatashowsweusuallygetenough.___17___Itsupportsgut(腸道)health,feedinggoodbacteriaandcontributingtooverallwellbeing.Researchevensuggeststhatincreasingfibreintakeby5gmaylowertheriskofdepressionby5%.is___18___“Omega3fattyacids,foundinoilyfish,playaroleinthestructureandfunctionofcellmembranes(細(xì)胞膜)inthebrain,”thenutritionistRhiannonLambertsays.“Theyareinvolvedintheproductionandsignalingofneurotransmitters(神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)),whicharecriticalformoodregulation.”gutisimpactednotjustbywhatyoueatbutbyhowyoueat.LisaMacfarlane,cofounderofthehealthpanyTheGutStuff,explains,“___19___takingdeepbreathbeforeyoueatit’sproventhatdigestionhappensmoreeffectivelywheneatinginarelaxedandcalmstate.”ArecentstudybyKing’sCollegeLondonfoundthateatingwithinatenhourandthereforefastingforfourteenhourseachday,isassociatedwithbettermood,bettersleep,moreenergyandlesshunger.___20___A.Addmoreproteintoyourregulardiet.B.Needanotherreasontoeatmoreoilyfish?C.Instead,weshouldfocusonourfibreintake.D.Beansareoneofthehighestsourcesofdietaryfibre.E.Thisiseasierthanitsounds:itwouldmeaneatingbetween9a.m.and7p.m.F.suggestputtingyourbodyin“restanddigest”modeinsteadofeatingonthego.G.Evidenceshowswhatyoueatcanpromotebrainchemicalsthatinfluenceyourmood.【答案】16.G17.C18.B19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要討論了飲食對(duì)情緒和精神健康的影響，并介紹了幾種有助于提升情緒的飲食成分和方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Doeswhatyoueatyourmood?Couldyourfoodhaveonyourmentalwellbeing?(你吃的東第12頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)西會(huì)影響你的心情嗎？你的食物會(huì)對(duì)你的心理健康產(chǎn)生影響嗎？)”提出了兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，詢(xún)問(wèn)飲食是否影響情緒以及食物是否對(duì)精神健康有影響。G選項(xiàng)“Evidenceshowswhatyoueatcanpromotebrainchemicalsthatinfluenceyourmood.()”直接回答了這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，指出有證據(jù)表明飲食可以影響大腦中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，進(jìn)而影響情緒，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“oftenworryaboutproteinintakebutdatashowsweusuallygetenough.(我們經(jīng)常擔(dān)心蛋白質(zhì)攝入不足，但數(shù)據(jù)表明我們通常攝入足夠的蛋白質(zhì)。)”指出我們常常擔(dān)心蛋白質(zhì)攝入不足。C選項(xiàng)“Instead,weshouldfocusonourfibreintake.()應(yīng)該再過(guò)分關(guān)注蛋白質(zhì)攝入，而應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)而關(guān)注纖維的攝入量，同時(shí)引出下文“Itsupportsguthealth,feedinggoodbacteriaandcontributingtooverallwellbeing.(它支持腸道健康，喂養(yǎng)有益細(xì)菌，有助于整體健康。)”對(duì)纖維作用的介紹，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】下文“Omega3fattyacids,foundinoilyfish,playaroleinthestructureandfunctionofcellmembranesinthebrain,(在油性魚(yú)類(lèi)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的Omega3脂肪酸在大腦細(xì)胞膜的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能中起著重要作用)”引用了營(yíng)養(yǎng)師RhiannonLambert的話，介紹了油性魚(yú)中的Omega3脂肪酸對(duì)大腦細(xì)胞膜結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的作用，回答了B選項(xiàng)“Needanotherreasontoeatmoreoilyfish?(需要另一個(gè)理由吃更多的油性魚(yú)嗎?)”中題出的問(wèn)題，給出了吃油性魚(yú)的理由，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“takingdeepbreathbeforeyoueatit’sproventhatdigestionhappensmoreeffectivelywheneatinginarelaxedandcalmstate.(吃飯前試著深呼吸——事實(shí)證明，在放松和平靜的狀態(tài)下吃飯，消化會(huì)更有效。)”F選項(xiàng)“suggestputtingyourbodyin‘restanddigest’modeinsteadofeatingonthego.(我們建議讓你的身體進(jìn)入‘休息和消化’模式，而不是匆匆忙忙吃東西。)”與下文內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，提出了一個(gè)建議，即吃飯時(shí)應(yīng)該讓身體處于休息和消化的狀態(tài)，而不是匆忙進(jìn)食，句中“‘restanddigest’mode”與下文“eatinginarelaxedandcalmstate”相照應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“ArecentstudybyKing’sCollegeLondonfoundthateatingwithinatenhourwindow,andthereforefastingforfourteenhourseachday,isassociatedwithbettermood,bettersleep,moreenergyandlesshunger.(倫敦國(guó)王學(xué)院最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在10小時(shí)內(nèi)進(jìn)食，因此每天禁食14小時(shí)，與更好的情緒、更好的睡眠、更多的精力和更少的饑餓感有關(guān)。)E選項(xiàng)“Thisiseasierthanitsounds:itwouldmeaneatingbetween9a.m.and7p.m.(這比聽(tīng)起來(lái)更容易：這意味著在早上9第13頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)點(diǎn)到晚上7點(diǎn)之間進(jìn)食。)”對(duì)上文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了解釋和說(shuō)明，指出這種飲食方式實(shí)際上很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)，只需要在早上9點(diǎn)到晚上7點(diǎn)之間進(jìn)食即可，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。GrandpaMillerandsixyearoldspentweekendsattheirworkbench,creatingasmallwoodendogtogether.felt___21___knowinghewaslearning“realwork”fromGrandpaandhopingthedogcouldstandperfectly.Atthedinnertable,excitedlytalkedtoGrandpaaboutwhetherthedogwouldstay___22___.Meanwhile,fatherBen,___23___withaquarterlyreport,accidentallyknockedoverabowlofhotsoup.___24___madehimangryandfrustrated,whichcausedtostoptalkingatonce.Grandpaobservedquietlyandthenspokeinatonethatwas___25___toBen—justlikewhenBenwasakid.“Thesoupneedsyourfullattention,andsodoesthemomentwithallofus,”hesaidcalmly.Ben’sfingers___26___abovethelaptopkeyboardasmemoriesrushedback—Grandpaoncetaughthimtocarveawoodencartand___27___himtofocusonthetask.Lookingup,Bensawholdingthewoodendogtightly,eyesfullof___28___,andhiswifeSarahcleaningthemesssilently.“I’msorry,”Bensaidsoftly,___29___hislaptop.has____30____mymind,andImissedthisfeeling.”facebrightened;heplacedthewoodendogonthetable,anditstoodsteadilyashoped.GrandpasmiledandservedBenanewbowlofsoup____31____.AfterdinnerBenreturnedtothereportbutfinisheditsmoothlythistime.Thedinner’s____32____hadeasedhisrestlessness.Whendone,hewenttothe____33____whereandGrandpawerepolishingthedog.“CanIjoinyou?”Benasked.gavehimsandpaper,andGrandpa____34____hisarm.Bythelamp,thethreeworkedinsilence—the“realwork”ofbeingtogetherwasfarmore____35____thananyreport.21.A.delightedB.boredC.amazedD.scared22.A.awakeB.stillC.firmD.silent23.A.occupiedB.strictC.boredD.careful24.A.B.C.D.25.A.newB.familiarC.importantD.strange26.A.movedB.wavedC.shookD.paused27.A.orderedB.remindedC.beggedD.forced第14頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)28.A.curiosityB.hesitationC.ambitionD.vitality29.A.settinginB.settingupC.settingasideD.setting30.A.filledB.clearedC.changedD.emptied31.A.patientlyB.carelesslyC.quicklyD.gently32.A.harmonyB.conversationC.remarkD.warmth33.A.tableB.laptopC.workbenchD.lamp34.A.pattedB.bitC.shookD.pulled35.A.ordinaryB.expensiveC.formalD.precious【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.C25.B26.D27.B28.B29.C30.A31.D32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述米勒祖孫制作木狗的溫馨日常，以及父親本從被工作煩擾到回歸家庭陪伴的轉(zhuǎn)變故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：蒂米知道自己在跟著爺爺學(xué)“正經(jīng)手藝”，還盼著這只木狗能穩(wěn)穩(wěn)站住，心里美滋滋的。A.delightedB.boredC.amazedD.scared害怕的。根據(jù)前文“spentweekendsattheirworkbench,creatingasmallwoodendogtogether”以及后文“hopingthedogcouldstandperfectly”可知，蒂米和爺爺一起做手工，內(nèi)心是愉悅的。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】A.awake醒著的；B.still靜止的；C.firm穩(wěn)固的；D.silent沉默的。根據(jù)前文“hopingthedogcouldstandperfectly”可知，蒂米關(guān)心的是木狗能否立得穩(wěn)固。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時(shí)，蒂米的爸爸本正忙著趕季度報(bào)告，一不小心碰翻了一碗熱湯。A.occupied忙碌的；B.strict嚴(yán)格的；C.bored厭煩的；D.careful小心的。根據(jù)后文“withaquarterlyreport”beoccupiedwith”為固定搭配，意為“忙于某事”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：繁重的工作量讓他心煩意亂，蒂米見(jiàn)狀立刻閉上了嘴。A.車(chē)間；B.C.D.withaquarterlyreport”忙著趕報(bào)告、碰翻熱湯的細(xì)節(jié)可知，是繁重的工作量讓他情緒煩躁。故選C項(xiàng)。第15頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：爺爺默默看在眼里，隨后用一種本很熟悉的語(yǔ)氣開(kāi)口說(shuō)話——就像本小時(shí)候那樣。A.new新的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.important重要的；D.strange陌生的。根據(jù)后文“justlikewhenBenwasakid”可知，爺爺用的是本小時(shí)候聽(tīng)過(guò)的熟悉語(yǔ)氣。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：本手指在筆記本電腦鍵盤(pán)上方停住了，記憶如潮水般涌來(lái)——爺爺曾經(jīng)教他雕刻木推車(chē)，還提醒他要專(zhuān)心做事。A.moved移動(dòng)；B.waved揮動(dòng)；C.shook搖晃；D.paused暫停。根據(jù)后文“asmemoriesrushedback”可知，爺爺?shù)脑捵尡鞠萑牖貞?，手指也停下了工作。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：本的手指在筆記本電腦鍵盤(pán)上方停住了，記憶如潮水般涌來(lái)——爺爺曾經(jīng)教他雕刻木推車(chē)