2026年交通工程專業(yè)英語試題含答案一、單項選擇題（共10題，每題2分，共20分）1.ThedevelopmentofIntelligentTransportationSystems(ITS)hassignificantlyimproved______inurbanareas.A)trafficcongestionB)fuelefficiencyC)airpollutionD)alloftheabove2.Inroadtrafficengineering,theterm"capacity"refersto______.A)themaximumnumberofvehiclesthatcanpassapointinanhourB)theaveragespeedofvehiclesC)thedistancebetweentrafficsignalsD)thewidthofahighwaylane3.The"GreenWave"systemisdesignedto______.A)reducetrafficaccidentsB)minimizefuelconsumptionC)optimizesignaltimingforhigh-occupancyvehiclesD)increasepedestriancrossings4.A"levelofservice(LOS)"ofDintrafficengineeringindicates______.A)free-flowconditionsB)moderatedelayC)heavycongestionD)severecongestion5.The"publictransportation"systeminTokyoisrenownedforits______.A)lowridershipB)highfarecostsC)punctualityandefficiencyD)limitedcoverage6.The"BRT(BusRapidTransit)"systeminCuritiba,Brazil,emphasizes______.A)exclusivebuslanesB)high-frequencyserviceC)integratedpaymentsystemsD)alloftheabove7."Trafficsimulationsoftware"isprimarilyusedto______.A)designhighwaysB)predicttrafficpatternsC)calculateroadtaxesD)monitorvehiclespeeds8.The"VisionZero"initiativefocuseson______.A)increasingroadspeedsB)reducingtrafficfatalitiesC)expandingroadnetworksD)encouragingcarusage9.In"urbanplanning,"the"transectmethod"isusedto______.A)analyzelanduseB)designtrafficsignalsC)measuretrafficflowD)evaluatenoisepollution10.The"V2X(Vehicle-to-Everything)technology"enables______.A)vehicle-to-infrastructurecommunicationB)increasedfuelconsumptionC)reducedroadmaintenanceD)highertrafficaccidents二、填空題（共10題，每題2分，共20分）1.The"HighwayCapacityManual(HCM)"providesguidelinesfor______inroadtraffic.2."Trafficvolume"ismeasuredin______perday.3.The"roundabout"isanalternativetothe______intersection.4."Trafficcalming"measuresaimto______vehiclespeedsinresidentialareas.5.The"PublicTransportationCooperativeAgreement(PTCA)"isaprogramthat______intheU.S.6."Trafficengineers"usethe______methodtoanalyzeintersectiondelays.7.The"TransportationResearchBoard(TRB)"isadivisionofthe______.8."Autonomousvehicles"areexpectedto______trafficcongestion.9.The"roadhierarchy"includes______,arterials,andlocalstreets.10."Congestionpricing"isastrategyto______duringpeakhours.三、閱讀理解（共2篇，每題2分，共20分）Passage1Theriseofelectricvehicles(EVs)hastransformedurbantransportation.Unliketraditionalcars,EVsproducezeroemissions,reducingairpollutionincongestedcities.However,theirwidespreadadoptionfaceschallenges,suchaslimitedcharginginfrastructureandhigherupfrontcosts.Governmentsworldwideareaddressingtheseissuesthroughsubsidiesandincentives.Forexample,NorwayhasthehighestEVpenetrationrate,withpoliciesfavoringelectricmobility.Incontrast,citieslikeLosAngelesareexpandingpublicchargingnetworkstoencourageEVusage.TrafficengineersarealsoadaptingroaddesignstoaccommodateEVs,suchasinstallingwirelesscharginglanes.Asbatterytechnologyimproves,EVsareexpectedtodominatefuturetransportationsystems,reshapingurbanlandscapes.Questions:1.Whatisthemainbenefitofelectricvehicles?A)HigherfuelefficiencyB)ZeroemissionsC)FasteraccelerationD)Lowermaintenancecosts2.WhichcountryismentionedashavingthehighestEVadoptionrate?A)ChinaB)GermanyC)NorwayD)Japan3.WhatinfrastructurechallengehindersEVadoption?A)RoadconstructionB)ChargingstationsC)TrafficsignalsD)Fuelstations4.HowarecitieslikeLosAngelesaddressingEVchallenges?A)RestrictingEVusageB)ExpandingchargingnetworksC)IncreasingparkingfeesD)Removingroadlanes5.WhatimpactdoEVshaveonurbantransportation?A)IncreasecongestionB)ReducepollutionC)RaisefuelcostsD)DecreaseroadsafetyPassage2The"SmartCity"conceptintegratestechnologytoimproveurbanliving.InSingapore,"CitySmart"usesIoTsensorstomonitortrafficflow,optimizesignaltimings,andreducecongestion.Similarly,London’s"TransportforLondon(TfL)"employsreal-timedatatomanagepublictransport.Thesesystemsenhanceefficiencybutraiseprivacyconcerns.Forinstance,trackingvehiclelocationsmayviolateindividualrights.Therefore,policymakersmustbalanceinnovationwithethicalconsiderations.Additionally,smartcitiesrelyonrenewableenergy,furtherreducingenvironmentalimpact.Astechnologyadvances,citieslikeSeoularetesting"connectedvehicles"toimprovetrafficsafety.Suchinitiativesdemonstratehowtechnologycanrevolutionizeurbanmobility,thoughchallengesremaininimplementationandpublicacceptance.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarygoalof"SmartCity"technology?A)IncreaseconstructioncostsB)ImproveurbanefficiencyC)ExpandroadnetworksD)Reducepublicspending2.HowdoesSingapore’s"CitySmart"systemwork?A)ManagesparkingfeesB)Monitorstrafficinreal-timeC)ControlsstreetlightingD)Trackspedestrianmovements3.Whatisamajorconcernaboutsmartcitytechnologies?A)HighenergyconsumptionB)PrivacyissuesC)LimitedconnectivityD)Frequentsystemfailures4.Whichcityismentionedastesting"connectedvehicles"?A)TokyoB)SeoulC)NewYorkD)Berlin5.Whatbenefitdosmartcitiesoffer?A)HigherpollutionlevelsB)ReducedenergyefficiencyC)ImprovedenvironmentalsustainabilityD)Decreasedpublictransportusage四、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，共20分）1."Trafficflow"isthemovementofvehiclesalongahighwayorroadnetwork.2."Publictransit"systemsprovideanaffordableandeco-friendlyalternativetoprivatevehicles.3."Intersectioncapacity"isthemaximumnumberofvehiclesthatcanpassthroughanintersectionperhour.4."Transportationplanning"involvesanalyzingcurrentconditionsanddesigningfuturetransportationsystems.5."Autonomousdriving"technologyhasthepotentialtosignificantlyreducetrafficaccidents.五、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，共20分）1.Explaintheroleof"TransportationResearchBoard(TRB)"intrafficengineering.2.Describethebenefitsof"BusRapidTransit(BRT)"systems.3.Whatis"congestionpricing,"andhowdoesitwork?4.Howdo"electricvehicles(EVs)"impacturbanairquality?5.Listthreechallengesinimplementing"smartcity"technologies.答案及解析一、單項選擇題答案1.D2.A3.C4.D5.C6.D7.B8.B9.A10.A解析:1.ITSimprovesmultipleaspectsoftraffic(congestion,fuelefficiency,pollution).2.Capacityisdefinedasthemaximumvehiclethroughputperhour.3.GreenWaveoptimizessignaltimingforhigh-occupancyvehicles.4.LOSDindicatesseverecongestion.5.Tokyo’stransitsystemisknownforpunctualityandefficiency.6.BRTcombinesexclusivelanes,highfrequency,andintegratedpayments.7.Trafficsimulationpredictsfuturetrafficpatterns.8.VisionZeroaimstoeliminatetrafficfatalities.9.Thetransectmethodanalyzeslandusezoning.10.V2Xenablesvehicle-infrastructurecommunication.二、填空題答案1.highwaycapacityanalysis2.vehiclesperday(VPD)3.trafficlight4.reduce5.promotespublictransportation6.trafficvolumestudy7.NationalAcademyofSciences8.alleviate9.highways10.managedemand三、閱讀理解答案Passage1:1.B2.C3.B4.B5.BPassage2:1.B2.B3.B4.C5.C解析:Passage1highlightsEVbenefits(zeroemissions)andchallenges(charginginfrastructure).NorwayleadsinEVadoption,andcitiesexpandchargingnetworkstosupportEVs.Passage2discussesSmartCitytechnologies(IoT,real-ti