大學(xué)英語考試題庫及答案一、詞匯與語法部分（一）單項選擇題1.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds____hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase答案：D解析：本題考查“介詞+which+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。base...on...表示“把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)上”，這里是說教授很難找到足夠的依據(jù)來支持他贊成新理論的論點(diǎn)，“依據(jù)”是“支持論點(diǎn)”的基礎(chǔ)，所以用onwhichtobase，相當(dāng)于whichhecouldbasehisargumentson。2.____intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.A.ThefourthbiggestcityitwasB.OncethefourthbiggestcityC.BeingthefourthbiggestcityD.Itwasoncethefourthbiggestcity答案：B解析：本題考查過去分詞短語作狀語?！癘ncethefourthbiggestcity”是省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整形式是“Onceitwasthefourthbiggestcity”，在句中作狀語，說明圣路易斯過去的情況。A選項結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤；C選項“Being”表示正在進(jìn)行，不符合語境；D選項是一個完整的句子，與后面的句子之間缺少連詞，不能直接用逗號連接。3.Hegivespeopletheimpression____allhislifeabroad.A.ofhavingspentB.tohavespentC.ofbeingspentD.tospend答案：A解析：本題考查固定搭配“givetheimpressionof...”表示“給人……的印象”，“spend”這個動作發(fā)生在“gives”之前，且與“he”是主動關(guān)系，所以用動名詞的完成式“havingspent”。4.Apeculiarlypointedchinishismostmemorablefacial____.A.markB.featureC.traceD.appearance答案：B解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析?！癴eature”意為“特征，特點(diǎn)”，這里指獨(dú)特的尖下巴是他最令人難忘的面部特征；“mark”意為“標(biāo)記，記號”；“trace”意為“痕跡，蹤跡”；“appearance”意為“外貌，外觀”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的樣子，不如“feature”具體。5.I'dratheryou____makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.A.don'tB.wouldn'tC.didn'tD.shouldn't答案：C解析：本題考查虛擬語氣?！癐'drather”后面接從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，若表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿瑥木渲^語動詞用一般過去時；若表示過去的愿望，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時。本題表示現(xiàn)在的愿望，所以用“didn't”。6.Allthings____,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidered答案：A解析：本題考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?！癆llthingsconsidered”是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，“things”與“consider”之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞“considered”，相當(dāng)于“Whenallthingsareconsidered”。7.Johnseemsaniceperson.____,Idon'ttrusthim.A.EventhoughB.EvensoC.ThereforeD.Though答案：B解析：本題考查短語辨析?！癊venso”意為“即使如此”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折；“Eventhough”和“Though”都表示“雖然，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；“Therefore”意為“因此，所以”，表示因果關(guān)系。這里前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用“Evenso”。8.Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudness____byhislackoftalent.A.somuchasB.ratherthanC.asD.than答案：A解析：本題考查固定搭配“notsomuch...as...”表示“與其說……不如說……”，這里是說我與其說是被他的大聲打擾，不如說是被他缺乏天賦所困擾。9.____sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.A.NosooneritgrewdarkthanB.HardlydiditgrowdarkthatC.ScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanD.Itwasnotuntildarkthat答案：D解析：本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和固定搭配?！癗osooner...than...”和“Hardly...when...”以及“Scarcely...when...”是固定搭配，A、C選項搭配錯誤；B選項“Hardly”后面應(yīng)該用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“Hardlyhaditgrowndarkwhen”；“Itwasnotuntil...that...”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語“dark”，符合題意。10.Therearesigns____restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose答案：A解析：本題考查同位語從句?！皌hatrestaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies”是同位語從句，解釋說明“signs”的具體內(nèi)容，“that”在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，只起連接作用。（二）詞匯與語法綜合練習(xí)1.Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan____totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.A.countonB.countinC.countupD.countout答案：A解析：“counton”表示“依靠，指望”；“countin”表示“把……算在內(nèi)”；“countup”表示“把……加起來”；“countout”表示“不把……算在內(nèi)；逐一數(shù)出”。根據(jù)題意，經(jīng)理需要一個他能指望在他不在時處理問題的助手，所以選A。2.____thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtocopewithasevereshortageoffood,clothing,fuel,andalmosteverything.A.AsfarasB.AslongasC.AswellasD.Assoonas答案：C解析：“Aswellas”表示“除……之外，也；和……一樣”，這里表示除了來自敵人行動的危險，人們還得應(yīng)對食物、衣物、燃料等幾乎所有東西的嚴(yán)重短缺；“Asfaras”表示“就……而言”；“Aslongas”表示“只要”；“Assoonas”表示“一……就……”。3.Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot____.Youshouldnotrefertothem.A.accurateB.fixedC.delicateD.rigid答案：A解析：“accurate”表示“準(zhǔn)確的，精確的”；“fixed”表示“固定的”；“delicate”表示“精致的；微妙的”；“rigid”表示“嚴(yán)格的；僵硬的”。根據(jù)后面說不應(yīng)該參考這些數(shù)據(jù)，可知報告中的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)不準(zhǔn)確，所以選A。4.____hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.A.DislikeB.UnlikeC.AlikeD.Liking答案：B解析：“Unlike”是介詞，意為“不像，和……不同”；“Dislike”是動詞，意為“不喜歡”；“Alike”是形容詞或副詞，意為“相似的（地）”；“Liking”是名詞或動名詞，意為“喜歡”。這里需要一個介詞來表示Jack和他姐姐不同，所以選B。5.I'mverysorrytohave____youwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.A.interferedB.offendedC.impressedD.bothered答案：D解析：“bothersb.withsth.”表示“用某事打擾某人”；“interferewith”表示“干擾，妨礙”，一般不用于“interferesb.with...”結(jié)構(gòu)；“offend”表示“冒犯，得罪”；“impresssb.withsth.”表示“用某事給某人留下深刻印象”。根據(jù)題意，在這樣的場合用這么多問題打擾對方，所以選D。6.Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis____whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.A.lazinessB.povertyC.idlenessD.inability答案：C解析：“idleness”表示“閑散，無事可做”，當(dāng)人們失業(yè)時，無事可做往往比缺少工資更糟糕；“l(fā)aziness”表示“懶惰”；“poverty”表示“貧窮”；“inability”表示“無能，無力”。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)失業(yè)帶來的無所事事的狀態(tài)，所以選C。7.I'veneverbeentoBeijing,butit'stheplace____.A.whereI'dliketovisitB.inwhichI'dliketovisitC.ImostwanttovisitD.thatIwanttovisititmost答案：C解析：本題考查定語從句。先行詞“theplace”在定語從句中作“visit”的賓語，關(guān)系代詞可以省略，所以“theplaceImostwanttovisit”是正確的；A選項“where”在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，不能作“visit”的賓語；B選項“inwhich”同樣是作地點(diǎn)狀語，不符合要求；D選項“that”在從句中作賓語，“it”多余。8.____thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.A.EvenifB.AsfarasC.IfonlyD.Solongas答案：A解析：“Evenif”表示“即使，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，這里表示即使計算是正確的，科學(xué)家也不能確定他們考慮到了所有變量并準(zhǔn)確地對其進(jìn)行了建模；“Asfaras”表示“就……而言”；“Ifonly”表示“要是……就好了”，引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣；“Solongas”表示“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。9.MytrainarrivesinNewYorkateighto'clocktonight.TheplaneIwouldliketotakefromthere____bythen.A.wouldleaveB.willhaveleftC.hasleftD.hadleft答案：B解析：本題考查將來完成時?！癰ythen”表示到將來某個時間為止，根據(jù)前面說火車今晚八點(diǎn)到達(dá)紐約，可知飛機(jī)在那個時間之前已經(jīng)離開了，所以用將來完成時“willhaveleft”。10.Thespeech____,alivelydiscussionstarted.A.beingdeliveredB.wasdeliveredC.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered答案：D解析：本題考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?！癟hespeechhavingbeendelivered”是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，“speech”與“deliver”之間是被動關(guān)系，且“演講結(jié)束”這個動作發(fā)生在“討論開始”之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式。B選項是一個完整的句子，與后面的句子之間缺少連詞；A選項“beingdelivered”表示正在進(jìn)行，不符合題意；C選項結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤。二、閱讀理解部分（一）閱讀理解短文一Theviewoveravalleyofatinyvillagewiththatched(草蓋的)roofcottagesaroundachurch;adrivethroughanarrowvillagestreetlinedwiththatchedcottagespaintedpinkorwhite;thesightovertherollinghillsofaprettycollectionofthatchedfarmbuildingsthesearestillcommonsightsinpartsofEngland.MostpeoplewillagreethatthethatchedroofisanessentialpartoftheattractionoftheEnglishcountryside.ThatchingisinfacttheoldestofallthebuildingcraftspracticedintheBritishIsles(英倫諸島).Althoughthatchhasalwaysbeenusedforcottageandfarmbuildings,itwasonceusedforcastlesandchurches,too.Thatchingisasolitary(獨(dú)自的)craft,whichoftenrunsinfamilies.ThecraftofthatchingasitispracticedtodayhaschangedverylittlesincetheMiddleAges.Over800fulltimethatchersareemployedinEnglandandWalestoday,maintainingandrenewingtheoldroofsaswellasthatchingnewhouses.Manypropertyownerschoosethatchnotonlyforitsbeautybutbecausetheyknowitwillkeepthemcoolinsummerandwarminwinter.Infact,ifwelookatdevelopingcountries,overhalftheworldlivesunderthatch,buttheyalldoitindifferentways.Peopleindevelopingcountriesareoftenreluctanttogobacktotraditionalmaterialsandwouldprefermodernbuildings.However,theymaylackthemoneytoallowthemtoimportthenecessarymaterials.Theirtemporarymudhutswiththatchedroofsofwildgrassesoftenonlylastsixmonths.ThatchwhichhasbeendonetheBritishwaylastsfromtwentytosixtyyears,andisaneffectivedefenseagainsttheheat.1.WhichofthefollowingremainsacommonsightinpartsofEngland?A.Narrowstreetslinedwithpinkorwhitehouses.B.Rollinghillswithprettyfarmbuildings.C.Cottageswiththatchedroofs.D.Churcheswithcottagesaroundthem.答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章第一段“Theviewoveravalleyofatinyvillagewiththatched(草蓋的)roofcottagesaroundachurch;adrivethroughanarrowvillagestreetlinedwiththatchedcottagespaintedpinkorwhite;thesightovertherollinghillsofaprettycollectionofthatchedfarmbuildingsthesearestillcommonsightsinpartsofEngland.”可知，帶有茅草屋頂?shù)拇迳嵩谟⒏裉m部分地區(qū)仍然是常見的景象，所以選C。2.Whatdoweknowaboutthatchingasacraft?A.Itisacollectiveactivity.B.ItispracticedonfarmsalloverEngland.C.Itisquitedifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.D.Itisinmostcaseshandeddownwithinfamilies.答案：D解析：根據(jù)文章第三段“Thatchingisasolitary(獨(dú)自的)craft,whichoftenrunsinfamilies.”可知，茅草蓋頂這門手藝通常是在家族中傳承的，所以選D。A選項與“solitary”矛盾；B選項文章未提及在全英格蘭的農(nóng)場都有實(shí)踐；C選項與“ThecraftofthatchingasitispracticedtodayhaschangedverylittlesincetheMiddleAges.”不符。3.Thatchedhousesarestillpreferredbecauseof____.A.theirstyleandcomfortB.theirdurabilityC.theireasymaintenanceD.theircheapandreadymadematerials答案：A解析：根據(jù)文章第三段“Manypropertyownerschoosethatchnotonlyforitsbeautybutbecausetheyknowitwillkeepthemcoolinsummerandwarminwinter.”可知，人們選擇茅草屋不僅是因為其美觀，還因為它冬暖夏涼，即風(fēng)格和舒適度，所以選A。B選項文章未強(qiáng)調(diào)其耐久性是主要原因；C選項文章未提及容易維護(hù)；D選項文章未提及材料便宜且現(xiàn)成。4.Peopleindevelopingcountriesalsoliveunderthatchbecause____.A.thatchedcottagesareabigtouristattractionB.thatchedroofhousesarethecheapestC.thatchisaneffectivedefenseagainsttheheatD.theylikethatchedhousesbetterthanotherbuildings答案：B解析：根據(jù)文章第四段“However,theymaylackthemoneytoallowthemtoimportthenecessarymaterials.Theirtemporarymudhutswiththatchedroofsofwildgrassesoftenonlylastsixmonths.”可知，發(fā)展中國家的人住茅草屋是因為他們沒錢進(jìn)口必要的材料，茅草屋相對便宜，所以選B。A選項文章未提及；C選項不是主要原因；D選項與“Peopleindevelopingcountriesareoftenreluctanttogobacktotraditionalmaterialsandwouldprefermodernbuildings.”不符。5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____.A.thatchedcottagesinEnglandhavebeenpasseddownfromancienttimesB.thatchingisabuildingcraftfirstcreatedbytheEnglishpeopleC.theEnglishpeoplehaveaspeciallikingforthatchedhousesD.mostthatchedcottagesinEnglandarelocatedonhillsides答案：C解析：從文章第一段“MostpeoplewillagreethatthethatchedroofisanessentialpartoftheattractionoftheEnglishcountryside.”以及第三段“Manypropertyownerschoosethatchnotonlyforitsbeautybutbecausetheyknowitwillkeepthemcoolinsummerandwarminwinter.”可以看出，英國人對茅草屋有特別的喜愛，所以選C。A選項文章未提及是從古代傳承下來的；B選項文章未提及是英國人首先創(chuàng)造的；D選項文章未提及大部分茅草屋位于山坡上。（二）閱讀理解短文二Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealthrelatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealthrelatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnessesB.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeC.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyD.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth答案：D解析：根據(jù)文章第一段“Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.”可知，如果個人能基于當(dāng)前的醫(yī)學(xué)知識做出合理的健康選擇，大約90%的疾病是可以預(yù)防的，反之，錯誤的選擇可能導(dǎo)致健康狀況不佳，所以選D。A選項“cure”表述錯誤，是“prevent”；B選項文章未提及有助于提高醫(yī)學(xué)知識水平；C選項雖然提到美國社會有個人自由，但這不是個人健康選擇概念重要的原因。2.To"liveacompletelysedentarylifestyle"(Para.1)inthepassagemeans____.A.to"liveaninactivelife"B.to"liveadecentlife"C.to"livealifewithcompletefreedom"D.to"livealifeofvice"答案：A解析：“sedentary”意為“久坐的，不活動的”，“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylifestyle”就是過一種不活動的生活，所以選A。B選項“decent”意為“得體的，正派的”，不符合題意；C選項“completefreedom”與“sedentary”無關(guān)；D選項“vice”意為“惡習(xí)”，不準(zhǔn)確。3.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause____.A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientB.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisionsC.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflifeD.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends答案：B解析：根據(jù)文章第二段“Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealthrelatedbehaviors”可知，有許多因素，包括遺傳和環(huán)境因素，會影響與健康相關(guān)行為的形成，這使得做出合理的個人健康選擇很困難，所以選B。A選項文章未提及醫(yī)學(xué)知識不足；C選項文章未提及人們不愿意用生活質(zhì)量換壽命；D選項“朋友的影響”只是其中一個例子，不全面。4.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto____.A.improvingthequalityofone'slifeB.limitingone'spersonalhealthchoiceC.deliberatelyendingone'slifeD.breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章第二段“Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.”可知，F(xiàn)ries和Crapo認(rèn)為明知某種行為有縮短壽命的可能性還去做，就類似于自殺，即故意結(jié)束自己的生命，所以選C。A選項與文意相反；B選項文章未提及限制個人健康選擇；D選項文章未提及違反社會行為規(guī)則。5.AccordingtoFriesandCrapo,soundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon____.A.personaldecisionsB.society'slawsC.statisticalevidenceD.friends'opinions答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章第二段“Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.”可知，對于那些想保持生活質(zhì)量和壽命的人來說，個人健康選擇應(yīng)該基于有統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明能增加活力和長壽的行為，即基于統(tǒng)計證據(jù)，所以選C。A選項個人決策需要依據(jù)統(tǒng)計證據(jù)；B選項文章未提及依據(jù)社會法律；D選項朋友的意見不是合理健康選擇的依據(jù)。三、寫作部分（一）題目Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic“TheImportanceofReadingClassics”.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.閱讀經(jīng)典書籍對人的成長至關(guān)重要2.現(xiàn)在愿意閱讀經(jīng)典的人卻越來越少3.我們大學(xué)生應(yīng)該怎么做（二）范文TheImportanceofReadingClassicsReadingclassicsplaysavitalandirreplaceableroleinone'sgrowth.Classicsaretheessenceofhumanwisdomandcivilizationaccumulatedovercenturies.Theyofferprofoundinsightsintovariousaspectsoflife,suchashumannature,socialissues,andhistoricalevents.Byreadingclassics,wecanbroadenourhorizons,enrichourknowledge,andcultivateourmoralvalues.Forexample,workslike"PrideandPrejudice"byJaneAustennotonlypresentavividpictureofthesociallifeinthe19thcenturyEnglandbutalsoteachusaboutlove,friendship,andselfworth.However,inmodernsociety,thenumberofpeoplewillingtoreadclassicsisdecreasing.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplearesurroundedbyaseaofinformationfromvarioussources,suchastheInternet,TV,andmobilephones.Thefastpacedlifestyleandthepopularityofentertainmentformslikevideogamesandonlinemovieshavemadepeoplelesspatientandinterestedintheindepthexplorationofclassics.Moreover,somepeoplethinkthatclassicsareoutofdateandhavenothingtodowithmodernlife.Ascollegestudents,weshouldtaketheinitiativetoreadclassics.Firstofall,weshoul