粗梗稠李的化學(xué)成分研究目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u19874粗梗稠李的化學(xué)成分研究 171281.1前言 175401.1.1生物堿類降糖活性 3320931.1.2多糖降糖活性 3294651.1.3皂苷降糖活性 3180291.1.4黃酮類降糖活性 341091.2實驗部分 412241.1.1實驗儀器、材料 472861.1.2植物來源 5296301.1.3提取與分離 5212781.3實驗結(jié)果 71.1前言稠李屬植物全世界共有21種，我國有14種ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[66,67]，主要分布于云南和陜西等地ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>中國科學(xué)院中植物志委員會</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>507</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>507</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615999363">507</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>中國科學(xué)院中植物志委員會</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>中國植物志</title><secondary-title>科學(xué)出版社</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>科學(xué)出版社</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]。粗梗稠李(Padusnapaulensis)系薔薇科稠李屬植物，在德宏、騰沖地區(qū)又名鬼眼睛果、山李子。其生長于海拔1200至2500米的陰涼濕地。粗梗稠李外觀呈紫紅色圓形小果，皮質(zhì)相對較厚且有白色小點分布，有獨特香味，主要作為水果、果脯或釀酒供人們食用，口感酸爽、開胃消食ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>高定烽</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>508</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[68]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>508</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615999466">508</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>高定烽</author><author>張言</author><author>李思敏</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>云南民族大學(xué)化學(xué)與環(huán)境學(xué)院;生物基材料綠色制備技術(shù)國家地方聯(lián)合工程研究中心;云南省跨境民族地區(qū)生物質(zhì)資源清潔利用國際聯(lián)合研究中心;</auth-address><titles><title>胭脂果多糖提取工藝優(yōu)化及其抗氧化活性分析</title><secondary-title>食品工業(yè)科技</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>食品工業(yè)科技</full-title></periodical><pages>139-145</pages><volume>41</volume><number>04</number><keywords><keyword>胭脂果</keyword><keyword>多糖</keyword><keyword>響應(yīng)面</keyword><keyword>優(yōu)化</keyword><keyword>抗氧化活性</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1002-0306</isbn><call-num>11-1759/TS</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[68]，稠李植物的果實、花、葉、樹皮均可入藥ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[69-71]，嫩葉可煮熟后可當(dāng)做蔬菜食用，有利于身體健康。其也常被用作風(fēng)濕骨痛，散熱止咳，利尿止瀉，祛風(fēng)消腫等不良癥狀治療的藥物ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Aboonabi</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>511</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[71,72]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>511</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615999652">511</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Aboonabi,Anahita</author><author>Singh,Indu</author><author>Meyer,Roselyn</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Cytoprotectiveeffectsofberryanthocyaninsagainstinducedoxidativestressandinflammationinprimaryhumandiabeticaorticendothelialcells</title><secondary-title>Chemico-BiologicalInteractions</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Chemico-BiologicalInteractions</full-title></periodical><pages>108940</pages><volume>317</volume><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>01/11</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108940</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>512</RecNum><record><rec-number>512</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615999741">512</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Liu,Xiao-Lin</author><author>Wen,Jun</author><author>Nie,Ze-Long</author><author>Johnson,Gabriel</author><author>Liang,Zong-Suo</author><author>Yang,Chang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PolyphylyofthePadusgroupofPrunus(Rosaceae)andtheevolutionofbiogeographicdisjunctionsbetweeneasternAsiaandeasternNorthAmerica</title><secondary-title>Journalofplantresearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journalofplantresearch</full-title></periodical><volume>126</volume><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>12/14</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s10265-012-0535-1</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[71,72]。稠李屬植物雖遍布我國各地，但有相當(dāng)一部分薔薇科果實的化學(xué)成分和生物活性被忽視ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pasko</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>427</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[73]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>427</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615985573">427</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pasko,P.</author><author>Makowska-Was,J.</author><author>Chlopicka,J.</author><author>Szlosarczyk,M.</author><author>Galanty,A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SouthSiberianfruits:Theirselectedchemicalconstituents,biologicalactivity,andtraditionaluseinfolkmedicineanddailynutrition</title><secondary-title>JournalofMedicinalPlantsResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofMedicinalPlantsResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>4698-4706</pages><volume>6</volume><number>31</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[73]，自中世紀(jì)以來稠李就以著藥用、食用、高保健價值聞名。稠李植物多以喬木、灌木和草本形式存在。其樹形美、抗寒耐旱A(chǔ)DDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[74,75]、抗逆性強、易栽培ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[76]，常作為一種園林觀賞植物。稠李植物在幼齡階段，植物生長迅速，適應(yīng)性強ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Leather</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>428</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[77]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>428</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615985745">428</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Leather,S.R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>BiologicalFloraoftheBritishIsles.PrunuspadusL</title></titles><dates><year>1996</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[77]，研究表明其生長力與生長地點、生境和生長年齡的緯度有關(guān)，也因其形狀多樣、葉子有光澤、花朵絢麗、果實飽滿，在園林中種植培育，是廣受歡迎的觀賞植物之一ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lenchyk</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>430</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[78,79]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>430</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615985923">430</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lenchyk,Larysa</author><author>Upyr,D.V.</author><author>Ovezgeldiyev,D.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Phytochemicalinvestigationofbirdcherryfruits</title><secondary-title>DerPharmaciaLettre

</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>DerPharmaciaLettre

</full-title></periodical><pages>73-76</pages><volume>8</volume><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>01/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Uusitalo</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>431</RecNum><record><rec-number>431</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615986058">431</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Uusitalo,Marja</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Europeanbirdcherry(PrunuspadusL.)?abiodiversewildplantforhorticulture</title><secondary-title>AgrifoodResearchReports</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AgrifoodResearchReports</full-title></periodical><volume>61</volume><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>01/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[78,79]。稠李植物是一種具有花蜜ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pasko</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>427</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[73]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>427</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615985573">427</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pasko,P.</author><author>Makowska-Was,J.</author><author>Chlopicka,J.</author><author>Szlosarczyk,M.</author><author>Galanty,A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SouthSiberianfruits:Theirselectedchemicalconstituents,biologicalactivity,andtraditionaluseinfolkmedicineanddailynutrition</title><secondary-title>JournalofMedicinalPlantsResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofMedicinalPlantsResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>4698-4706</pages><volume>6</volume><number>31</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[73]的蜜源植物和優(yōu)種資源，其果實為近球形或球形卵球形核果，長10-12mm，寬約10mm，重量2-3g，7-9月成熟果實大多酸爽可口、汁多滿溢，也是三萜含量最為豐富的季節(jié)。薔薇科的果實中含有豐富的化學(xué)成分ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Uusitalo</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>431</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[79]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>431</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615986058">431</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Uusitalo,Marja</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Europeanbirdcherry(PrunuspadusL.)?abiodiversewildplantforhorticulture</title><secondary-title>AgrifoodResearchReports</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AgrifoodResearchReports</full-title></periodical><volume>61</volume><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>01/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[79]，傳統(tǒng)上被用于止咳、清熱、止瀉、抗風(fēng)濕及利尿ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Launer</Author><Year>1989</Year><RecNum>636</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[80]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>636</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616013920">636</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Launer,L.J.</author><author>Habicht,J.P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DivisionofNutritionalSciences,CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY14853.</auth-address><titles><title>Conceptsaboutinfanthealth,growth,andweaning:acomparisonbetweennutritionalscientistsandMaduresemothers</title><secondary-title>SocSciMed</secondary-title><alt-title>Socialscience&medicine(1982)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SocSciMed</full-title><abbr-1>Socialscience&medicine(1982)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>SocSciMed</full-title><abbr-1>Socialscience&medicine(1982)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>13-22</pages><volume>29</volume><number>1</number><edition>1989/01/01</edition><keywords><keyword>AttitudetoHealth</keyword><keyword>*Dietetics</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Growth</keyword><keyword>HealthBehavior</keyword><keyword>HealthEducation</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Indonesia</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>*InfantNutritionalPhysiologicalPhenomena</keyword><keyword>Infant,Newborn</keyword><keyword>Mothers/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Weaning</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1989</year></dates><isbn>0277-9536(Print) 0277-9536</isbn><accession-num>2740925</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/0277-9536(89)90123-8</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[80]。研究報道薔薇科李屬、臭櫻屬、扁核木屬植物中富含維生素類、黃酮類、三萜類、植物甾醇、有機酸、花青素類、酚酸等成分ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[38-41]。這些成分具有多種生物活性，如抗炎、抗?jié)?、抗氧化、保肝、抗癌、抗動脈粥樣硬化和抗糖尿病ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[74,81]。稠李果實中的花青素以cyanidin3-glucoside、cyanidin3-rutinoside形式呈現(xiàn)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Guimaraes</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>432</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[82,83]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>432</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615986737">432</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Guimaraes,Rafaela</author><author>Barros,L.</author><author>Duenas,Montserrat</author><author>Carvalho,A.M.</author><author>Queiroz,MariaJoaoR.P.</author><author>Santos-Buelga,C.</author><author>Ferreira,Icfr</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>CharacterisationofphenoliccompoundsinwildfruitsfromNortheasternPortugal</title><secondary-title>FoodChemistry</secondary-title></titles><pages>3721-3730</pages><volume>141</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Pinacho</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>433</RecNum><record><rec-number>433</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615986827">433</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pinacho,Raquel</author><author>Cavero,Rita</author><author>Astiasarán,Icíar</author><author>Ansorena,Diana</author><author>Calvo,Maria</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Phenoliccompoundsofblackthorn(PrunusspinosaL.)andinfluenceofinvitrodigestionontheirantioxidantcapacity</title><secondary-title>JournalofFunctionalFoods</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofFunctionalFoods</full-title></periodical><pages>49-62</pages><volume>19</volume><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>12/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.015</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[82,83]，這正是稠李果具有深顏色的原因ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Usenik</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>434</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[84,85]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>434</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615986906">434</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Usenik,V.</author><author>Fabcic,Jerneja</author><author>Stampar,Franci</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Sugars,organicacids,phenoliccompositionandantioxidantactivityofsweetcherry(PrunusaviumL.)</title><secondary-title>FoodChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FoodChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>185-192</pages><volume>107</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2008</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Ieri</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>435</RecNum><record><rec-number>435</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615986975">435</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ieri,Francesca</author><author>Pinelli,Patrizia</author><author>Romani,Annalisa</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Simultaneousdeterminationofanthocyanins,coumarinsandphenolicacidsinfruits,kernelsandliqueurofPrunusmahalebL</title><secondary-title>Foodchemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FoodChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>2157-2162</pages><volume>135</volume><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>12/15</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.083</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[84,85]。其豐富的花青素含量對心血管疾病、動脈粥樣硬化和癌癥的預(yù)防有一定作用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[69-71,86]。稠李樹皮提取物也用作殺蟲劑，其氰化苷和酚類物質(zhì)的存在保護(hù)了作物免受嚙齒動物和昆蟲的襲擊。在俄羅斯當(dāng)?shù)?，人們把其做成果實酒、果汁、餡料、染色劑ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Uusitalo</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>431</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[79]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>431</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615986058">431</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Uusitalo,Marja</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Europeanbirdcherry(PrunuspadusL.)?abiodiversewildplantforhorticulture</title><secondary-title>AgrifoodResearchReports</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AgrifoodResearchReports</full-title></periodical><volume>61</volume><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>01/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[79]。羅恒國ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>羅恒國</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>527</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[87]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>527</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616000904">527</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>羅恒國</author><author>楊士花</author><author>李晴</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>云南省特色水果中多酚化合物含量和抗氧化性的比較</title><secondary-title>食品與發(fā)酵工業(yè)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>食品與發(fā)酵工業(yè)</full-title></periodical><pages>108-112</pages><number>09</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[87]證實了粗梗稠李中的多酚成分具有一定抗氧化作用，也可以效預(yù)防心血管疾病ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Khalifa</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>524</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[88,89]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>524</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616000757">524</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Khalifa,Ibrahim</author><author>Zhu,Wei</author><author>Li,Kai</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Polyphenolsofmulberryfruitsasmultifacetedcompounds:Compositions,metabolism,healthbenefits,andstability—Astructuralreview</title><secondary-title>JournalofFunctionalFoods</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofFunctionalFoods</full-title></periodical><pages>28-43</pages><volume>40</volume><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>01/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.041</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Stavrou</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>525</RecNum><record><rec-number>525</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616000780">525</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Stavrou,Ioannis</author><author>Christou,Atalanti</author><author>Kapnissi-Christodoulou,Constantina</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Polyphenolsincarobs:Areviewontheircomposition,antioxidantcapacityandcytotoxiceffects,andhealthimpact</title><secondary-title>FoodChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FoodChemistry</full-title></periodical><volume>269</volume><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>07/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.152</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[88,89]。稠李屬果實中含大量色素，屬于花色苷類色素。楊新周等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>郭妍</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>528</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[90,91]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>528</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616001161">528</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>郭妍</author><author>陳晨</author><author>高純</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>地膽草的化學(xué)成分研究</title><secondary-title>天然產(chǎn)物研究與開發(fā)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>天然產(chǎn)物研究與開發(fā)</full-title></periodical><pages>1051-1054</pages><volume>28</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>王寧</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>529</RecNum><record><rec-number>529</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616001193">529</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王寧</author><author>湯麗昌</author><author>姚海萍</author><author>鄧世明</author><author>楊先會</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>海南大學(xué)熱帶生物資源教育部重點實驗室;海南大學(xué)海洋學(xué)院;</auth-address><titles><title>嶺南山竹子葉三萜成分研究</title><secondary-title>時珍國醫(yī)國藥</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>時珍國醫(yī)國藥</full-title></periodical><pages>2700-2701</pages><volume>23</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>嶺南山竹子葉</keyword><keyword>藤黃屬</keyword><keyword>化學(xué)成分</keyword><keyword>三萜類成分</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year></dates><isbn>1008-0805</isbn><call-num>42-1436/R</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[90,91]對粗梗稠李花色苷色素提取工藝進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。我國稠李屬植物種類以及資源分布如下表1.1：表1.1我國稠李屬植物種類以及資源分布稠李屬植物名拉丁名稱主要分布區(qū)域短梗稠李P.brachypoda陜西、甘肅、河南、湖北、四川褐毛稠李P.brunnescens四川：寶興、洪溪、雷坡、峨邊橉木P.buergeriana甘肅、貴州、湖北、陜西、江蘇宿鱗稠李P.perulata云南、四川西部氈毛稠李P.velutina陜西、湖北、四川巫山全緣葉稠李P.integrifolia西藏吉隆光萼稠李P.cornuta西藏：亞東、錯那灰葉稠李P.grayana湖南、四川、貴州、湖北斑葉稠李P.maackii黑江、吉林、遼寧粗梗稠李P.napaulensis西藏、云南、陜西、四川細(xì)齒稠李P.obtusata貴州、西藏、云南、安徽星毛稠李P.stellipila陜西、甘肅、江西和浙江稠李P.racemosa黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、內(nèi)蒙古絹毛稠李P.wilsonii陜西、湖北、湖南、江西、糖尿病(Diabetesmellitus)是一種因胰島素絕對或相對分泌不足和(或)胰島素利用障礙引起的代謝紊亂性疾病ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>谷雨明</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>587</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[92]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>587</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616004972">587</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>谷雨明</author><author>李艷婷</author><author>徐云生</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>山東中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第一臨床學(xué)院;山東中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);</auth-address><titles><title>當(dāng)代中藥治療糖尿病的研究概述</title><secondary-title>內(nèi)蒙古中醫(yī)藥</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>內(nèi)蒙古中醫(yī)藥</full-title></periodical><pages>113-114</pages><volume>33</volume><number>13</number><keywords><keyword>糖尿病</keyword><keyword>當(dāng)代</keyword><keyword>藥理研究</keyword><keyword>中藥</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>1006-0979</isbn><call-num>15-1101/R</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[92]。近年來，越來越多國內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究中草藥治療糖尿病的降糖機制，無論是單味中草藥的篩選或者復(fù)方制劑的連用，現(xiàn)代藥理學(xué)研究表明中草藥中降糖的主要成分為生物堿類、黃酮類、多糖、皂苷、萜類、蒽醌類等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>吳青華</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>615</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[93]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>615</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616011937">615</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>吳青華</author><author>李冰濤</author><author>涂珺</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>江西中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論分化發(fā)展研究中心;江西省中藥藥理重點實驗室;</auth-address><titles><title>復(fù)方中藥治療糖尿病的研究進(jìn)展</title><secondary-title>中國中藥雜志</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國中藥雜志</full-title></periodical><pages>1104-1109</pages><volume>44</volume><number>06</number><keywords><keyword>復(fù)方中藥</keyword><keyword>糖尿病</keyword><keyword>臨床實驗</keyword><keyword>作用機制</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1001-5302</isbn><call-num>11-2272/R</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[93]。α-葡萄糖苷酶促進(jìn)淀粉、蔗糖、麥芽糖等分解為單糖，抑制其的產(chǎn)生，即可降低餐后血糖ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>郟文青</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>621</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[94]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>621</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616011967">621</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>郟文青</author><author>張顯</author><author>余婷婷</author><author>張嬌</author><author>魏屹</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>西南交通大學(xué)生命科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;瀘州百草堂健康產(chǎn)品有限公司;</auth-address><titles><title>桑葛降糖粉的生產(chǎn)工藝與體外活性研究</title><secondary-title>食品工業(yè)科技</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>食品工業(yè)科技</full-title></periodical><pages>178-183</pages><volume>39</volume><number>08</number><keywords><keyword>桑葛降糖粉</keyword><keyword>提取工藝</keyword><keyword>α-葡萄糖苷酶</keyword><keyword>抑制活性</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1002-0306</isbn><call-num>11-1759/TS</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[94]。目前人們對稠李屬化學(xué)成分的關(guān)注和研究也很少，其植物應(yīng)用價值沒有得到充分開發(fā)。測評α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用是評價體外降糖活性的常用方法，也是作為治療Ⅱ型糖尿病的手段之一ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>劉媛</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>623</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[95,96]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>623</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616011972">623</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>劉媛</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>魏軍平,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>基于中醫(yī)古籍研究的“消渴”理論源流及內(nèi)涵探討</title></titles><keywords><keyword>消渴</keyword><keyword>糖尿病</keyword><keyword>中醫(yī)古籍</keyword><keyword>理論源流</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year></dates><publisher>中國中醫(yī)科學(xué)院</publisher><work-type>碩士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite><Cite><Author>朱琳琳</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>622</RecNum><record><rec-number>622</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1616011969">622</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>朱琳琳</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>王發(fā)渭,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>中醫(yī)藥治療糖尿病研究進(jìn)展</title></titles><keywords><keyword>糖尿病</keyword><keyword>研究進(jìn)展</keyword><keyword>中醫(yī)</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><publisher>北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)</publisher><work-type>碩士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[95,96]。課題組利用PNPG法測定粗梗稠李粗提物中α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性實驗，結(jié)果顯示有較好的抑制作用，推測植物中可能含有大量潛在的有效成分。對該植物的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行分離鑒定，為天然降糖藥物提供可行性篩選，促進(jìn)現(xiàn)有資源的合理運用。以下例舉了幾種化學(xué)成分降糖的實例。1.1.1生物堿類降糖活性生物堿是一類含氮有機物，如小檗堿可抑制醛糖還原酶、肝糖異生、促進(jìn)肌糖酵解、有修復(fù)胰島B細(xì)胞、降脂、降壓等藥理作用。小檗堿可刺激單磷酸腺苷(AMP)從而激活蛋白激酶；同時小檗堿也具有干預(yù)炎癥因子、氧化自由基等多途徑多靶點的降糖作用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[97-99]。近年越來越多的研究也表明了小檗堿能夠顯著改善Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的腸道菌群環(huán)境，降低其對葡萄糖的吸收能力ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王靜</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>595</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[100]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>595</rec-numb