動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作、行為、心理活動(dòng)、存在狀態(tài)或變

化的詞。動(dòng)詞可以分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。一、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞1.

按“是否接賓語(yǔ)”分類類型特點(diǎn)示例常見詞及物動(dòng)詞必須接賓語(yǔ)，

意義才完整She

bought

a

book.

她買了一本書。buy，

write，need，

teach類型特點(diǎn)示例常見詞不及物

動(dòng)詞本身意義完

整，不接賓語(yǔ)The

sun

rises.太陽(yáng)升

起。sleep，

arrive，happen特殊情況：部分動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，意義不同。(1)The

plane

flies

to

Paris.飛機(jī)飛往巴黎。(fly不及物)He

flies

the

kite.他放風(fēng)箏。(fly及物)(2)He

runs

every

day.他每天跑步。(run不及物)He

runs

a

company.他經(jīng)營(yíng)一家公司。(run及物)2.

按“動(dòng)作是否持續(xù)”分類類型特點(diǎn)用法規(guī)則示例延續(xù)性

動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作可持

續(xù)一段時(shí)

間能和“for＋

時(shí)間

段”“since

＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”

連用I

have

lived

here

for

ten

years.我在這里住了十年

了。類型特點(diǎn)用法規(guī)則示例瞬間性

動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作瞬間

結(jié)束，不

可持續(xù)不能和“for

＋時(shí)間段”

連用He

joined

the

club

two

years

ago.他兩年前加入了俱樂

部。(不說(shuō)“He

has

joined

for

two

years.”)

二、連系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起

構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)。類別連系動(dòng)詞示例be動(dòng)詞am，

is，

are，

was，

wereShe

is

beautiful.

(表性質(zhì)：

漂亮)感官動(dòng)詞look，

sound，

smell，

taste，

feelThe

flowers

smell

sweet.

(表特征：甜)類別連系動(dòng)詞示例變化動(dòng)詞become，

get，

turn，

go，

growLeaves

turn

yellow

in

autumn.

(表變化：變黃)持續(xù)動(dòng)詞keep，

stay，

remainHe

stays

calm

under

pressure.

(表狀態(tài)：保持冷

靜)三、助動(dòng)詞無(wú)實(shí)際詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，需接“主要?jiǎng)?/p>

詞”，幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成“時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定、疑

問”，本身只表語(yǔ)法功能。助動(dòng)詞用法示例be(am/is/are/was/were)①構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)

(＋doing)②構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

態(tài)(＋done)①They

are

playing

football.(現(xiàn)在

進(jìn)行時(shí))助動(dòng)詞用法示例be(am/is/are/was/were)①構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)

(＋doing)②構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

態(tài)(＋done)②The

classroom

is

cleaned

every

day.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))助動(dòng)詞用法示例do/does/did①構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)

在/過去時(shí)的否

定(＋not)②構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)

在/過去時(shí)的疑

問①She

didn’t

go

to

school.(否

定)②Do

you

like

apples？(疑問)助動(dòng)詞用法示例have/has構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成

時(shí)(＋done)She

has

broken

her

leg.(現(xiàn)在完

成時(shí))助動(dòng)詞用法示例will/shall構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)

時(shí)(＋do)；

shall多用于第

一人稱①We

will

visit

the

museum.②Shall

I

book

tickets？四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度或推測(cè)(如可

能、愿意、必須)，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，后接動(dòng)詞原

形。無(wú)人稱變化，否定式多為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋not”。1.

can與could用法示例表能力(能/會(huì))，

could是過去式①Jim

can

play

chess.(現(xiàn)在)

②I

could

swim

at

5

years

old.(過

去)表否定推測(cè)(不可

能)，用can’tThat

man

can’t

be

Uncle

Wang.用法示例表請(qǐng)求許可(could更

委婉)Could

you

speak

slowly？(用can回

答：

Of

course

I

can.)2.

must與have

to

(略，見第一部分)3.

may與might用法示例表許可(may更正式，

might更委婉)May

I

talk

with

you？

/

Might

I

use

your

phone？表推測(cè)(可能，

might可

能性更低)①We

may

go

camping.(可能)②He

might

arrive

late.(可能性

小)用法示例表祝福(may用于祈使

句)May

you

succeed！

/

May

she

rest

in

peace.

4.

need與dare(可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)詞性用法示例情態(tài)

動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形；否定：

needn’t/daren’t；多用于否定/疑問

句①You

needn’t

water

the

flowers.你不必給花澆水。②Dare

she

say

that？她敢這么

說(shuō)嗎？詞性用法示例實(shí)義

動(dòng)詞有人稱/時(shí)態(tài)變

化；后接“名詞/代詞

/to

do”；

否定/疑問需借助

do①Zhang

Hong

needs

to

rest.張

紅需要休息。②Does

she

need

a

rest？她需

要休息嗎？③She

dared

to

tell

the

truth.她

敢于說(shuō)出真相。5.

shall，

should，

will與would動(dòng)詞用法示例shall①第一/三人稱疑問

句(征求意見)②第二/三人稱陳述

句(許諾、命令)①Shall

I

look

at

your

photos？我可以看看你的照

片嗎？②You

shall

hand

in

materials.你必須上交材

料。動(dòng)詞用法示例should①表義務(wù)/勸告(應(yīng)

該)②表推測(cè)(按理說(shuō)應(yīng)

該)①We

should

protect

our

country.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)我們

的國(guó)家。②Kate

should

be

there

now.

凱特現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在那里。動(dòng)詞用法示例will①一般將來(lái)時(shí)(將，

會(huì))②表意愿(愿意)③表請(qǐng)求(不如

would委婉)①They

will

have

a

picnic.

他們將去野餐。②I

will

help

you.我會(huì)幫助

你。③Will

you

look

after

your

sister？你會(huì)照顧你妹妹

嗎？動(dòng)詞用法示例would①will的過去式②表請(qǐng)求(更委婉)①He

said

he

would

come.

他說(shuō)他會(huì)來(lái)的。②Would

you

water

the

flowers？你愿意澆花嗎？6.

had

better與ought

to(略，見第一部分)五、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1.

動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞＋介詞listen

to聽wait

for等待belong

to屬于

depend

on依靠動(dòng)詞＋副

詞get

up起床find

out查明cheer

up使振奮

起來(lái)run

out用完動(dòng)詞＋名

詞make

progress取得進(jìn)步give

a

speech做演

講have

dinner吃晚餐動(dòng)詞＋名

詞＋介詞make

fun

of取笑pay

attention

to注意take

part

in參加take

care

of照顧say

goodbye

to向……告別動(dòng)詞＋副

詞＋介詞catch

up

with趕上go

on

with繼續(xù)get

along/on

with與……相處look

down

on/upon輕視動(dòng)詞＋介

詞＋名詞listen

to

music聽音樂look

for

a

job找工作go

to

school去上學(xué)fall

in

love

with愛上3.

常見易混動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)look短語(yǔ)look

after照顧look

down向下看；俯視

look

like看起來(lái)像look

through瀏覽 look

forward

to期待；盼望

look

up查閱；抬頭看look

for尋找 look

out小心 look

at看著come短語(yǔ)come

back回來(lái)come

in進(jìn)來(lái)

come

out開花；出版，發(fā)行come

true實(shí)現(xiàn) come

from來(lái)自 come

on快點(diǎn)兒；

加油come

over過來(lái) come

up

with想出；提出give短語(yǔ)give

away捐贈(zèng)give

out分發(fā)；散發(fā)

give

in屈服；讓步give

up放棄 give

back歸還 give

a

talk做演講get短語(yǔ)get

down下來(lái)；記下get

lost迷路get

on

上車get

through通過get

back回來(lái)；返回 get

off下車 get

over克服 get

to抵達(dá)get

up起床 get

used

to習(xí)慣于 get

ready

for為……

做準(zhǔn)備get

in

touch

with

(與……)取得聯(lián)系take短語(yǔ)take

after(外貌或行為)像take

measures采取措

施take

off脫下；起飛take

place發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) take

up開始做；占據(jù) take

out取出take

in吸入take

away拿走take

turns

輪流take

care

of照顧put短語(yǔ)put

away將……收起put

down放下；記下

put

off推遲put

out伸出；熄滅put

up搭起；掛起 put

on增加(體重)；發(fā)胖；

穿上；戴上；上演；張貼turn短語(yǔ)turn

off關(guān)掉turn

on打開turn

down調(diào)低(音

量)；拒絕turn

out結(jié)果是turn

into變成 turn

to求助于 turn

up調(diào)高(音量)；

出現(xiàn)◆專項(xiàng)導(dǎo)圖◆專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(

B

)1.(2025廈門同安模擬)—Must

I

take

acting

lessons

and

be

an

actress

like

you，

mom？—No，

you

，

darling.

You

are

free

to

make

your

own

decision.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tB(

C

)2.(2025泉州二模)You

get

up

early

tomorrow，

as

we

have

agreed

to

go

hiking

at

7:00.A.canB.mayC.mustC(

C

)3.(2025廈門思明二模)Because

of

pollution，

this

lake

is

now

too

harmful

to

fish.A.supposeB.suggestC.supportC(

C

)4.(2025石獅三模)—Could

I

use

your

computer

for

a

while？—Of

course.

But

you

know

it’s

my

only

work

tool

at

home.

You

must

it

carefully.A.provideB.produceC.protectC(

B

)5.(2025廈門海滄二模)—Making

a

video

of

our

school

life

is

such

a

piece

of

cake！—Quite

the

opposite.

It

more

time

and

energy

than

you

think.A.reportsB.requiresC.reviewsB(

A

)6.(2025寧德模擬)—What’s

today’s

English

homework？—To

new

words

on

our

notebooks.A.copyB.reuseC.printA(

C

)7.(2025晉江模擬)Many

young

people

today

the

beauty

of

traditional

Chinese

paintings

and

enjoy

them

a

lot.A.createB.inventC.discoverC(

A

)8.(2025廈門同安模擬)—Have

you

watched

the

show

Joy

on

the

Branches(喜上枝頭)？—Sure.

The

dancers

beautifully

like

real

flying

birds.A.performedB.paintedC.promisedA(

A

)9.(2025德化模擬)You’d

better

the

shoes

first.

I’m

afraid

the

size

may

be

small

for

you.A.try

onB.pay

forC.take

offA(

C

)