2025年英國(guó)本科醫(yī)學(xué)筆試及答案

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Theprocessbywhichacelldividesintotwoidenticaldaughtercellsisknownas:A.MitosisB.MeiosisC.CytokinesisD.Apoptosis2.Whichofthefollowingisaprimaryfunctionoftheliver?A.ProductionofredbloodcellsB.RegulationofbloodsugarlevelsC.AbsorptionofnutrientsD.Formationofurine3.Thehormoneresponsibleforstimulatingtheproductionofthyroidhormonesis:A.InsulinB.ThyroxineC.Thyroid-stimulatinghormone(TSH)D.Adrenaline4.Aconditioncharacterizedbyanabnormallyhighlevelofglucoseinthebloodisknownas:A.HypoglycemiaB.HyperglycemiaC.HypokalemiaD.Hyperkalemia5.Theprocessbywhichoxygenistransportedfromthelungstothetissuesisprimarilyfacilitatedby:A.CarbondioxideB.HemoglobinC.OxygenionsD.Nitricoxide6.Themainfunctionofthesmallintestineis:A.DigestionofproteinsB.AbsorptionofwaterC.ProductionofbileD.Regulationofbloodpressure7.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforregulatingsleepandwakefulnessis:A.CerebrumB.CerebellumC.HypothalamusD.Medullaoblongata8.Adisordercharacterizedbyaninabilitytoremembernewinformationisknownas:A.AmnesiaB.EpilepsyC.SchizophreniaD.Parkinson'sdisease9.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergyisknownas:A.PhotosynthesisB.RespirationC.FermentationD.Nitrogenfixation10.Theprimaryfunctionofantibodiesintheimmunesystemis:A.ProductionofredbloodcellsB.DestructionofpathogensC.RegulationofbloodpressureD.Absorptionofnutrients二、填空題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Thebasicstructuralandfunctionalunitofthenervoussystemisthe________.2.Theprocessofbreakingdownfoodintosmallermoleculesiscalled________.3.Thehormonethatregulatesbloodsugarlevelsis________.4.Thepartoftheheartthatpumpsbloodtothelungsisthe________.5.Theprocessbywhichthebodymaintainsastableinternalenvironmentiscalled________.6.Themaincomponentofthebloodthatcarriesoxygenis________.7.Thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsmovementisthe________.8.Thedisordercharacterizedbyanexcessiveproductionofthyroidhormonesiscalled________.9.Theprocessbywhichplantsreleaseoxygenintotheatmosphereiscalled________.10.Thecellsthatfightinfectionintheimmunesystemarecalled________.三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Theheartconsistsoffourchambers:twoatriaandtwoventricles.(True/False)2.Theliveristhelargestinternalorganinthehumanbody.(True/False)3.Insulinisahormonethatincreasesbloodsugarlevels.(True/False)4.Thesmallintestineistheprimarysiteofnutrientabsorption.(True/False)5.Thecerebrumisresponsibleforbasiclifefunctionssuchasbreathingandheartrate.(True/False)6.Amnesiaisaconditioncharacterizedbytheinabilitytoformnewmemories.(True/False)7.Photosynthesisoccursinthemitochondriaofplantcells.(True/False)8.Antibodiesareproteinsproducedbytheimmunesystemtofightpathogens.(True/False)9.Theprocessofbreakingdownfoodintosmallermoleculesbeginsinthemouth.(True/False)10.Thehypothalamusisresponsibleforregulatingbodytemperature.(True/False)四、簡(jiǎn)答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Describetheprocessofmitosisanditssignificanceincelldivision.2.Explaintheroleoftheliverinthebodyandmentionthreekeyfunctions.3.Discussthefunctionoftheimmunesystemanddescribetheroleofantibodies.4.Explaintheprocessofphotosynthesisanditsimportanceforplantsandtheenvironment.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Discusstheimportanceofthenervoussysteminmaintaininghomeostasisinthebody.2.Explainthecausesandeffectsofhyperglycemiaandhowitcanbemanaged.3.Discussthestructureandfunctionoftheheartandhowitpumpsbloodthroughoutthebody.4.Discusstheroleoftheimmunesysteminfightinginfectionsandtheimportanceofvaccines.答案和解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題答案1.A2.B3.C4.B5.B6.B7.C8.A9.A10.B二、填空題答案1.Neuron2.Digestion3.Insulin4.Leftventricle5.Homeostasis6.Hemoglobin7.Cerebellum8.Hyperthyroidism9.Photosynthesis10.Lymphocytes三、判斷題答案1.True2.True3.False4.True5.False6.True7.False8.True9.True10.True四、簡(jiǎn)答題答案1.Mitosisistheprocessofcelldivisionthatresultsintwoidenticaldaughtercells.Itconsistsofseveralphases:prophase,metaphase,anaphase,andtelophase.Mitosisissignificantincelldivisionasitallowsforgrowth,repair,andasexualreproductioninorganisms.2.Theliverisavitalorganthatperformsnumerousfunctions.Threekeyfunctionsoftheliverincludedetoxificationofharmfulsubstances,productionofbilefordigestion,andstorageofvitaminsandminerals.3.Theimmunesystemisresponsibleforprotectingthebodyagainstpathogensandforeignsubstances.Antibodiesareproteinsproducedbytheimmunesystemthatrecognizeandbindtospecificantigens,markingthemfordestructionbyotherimmunecells.4.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy.Itoccursinthechloroplastsandinvolvestheconversionofcarbondioxideandwaterintoglucoseandoxygenusingsunlight.Photosynthesisisimportantforplantsasitprovidestheenergyneededforgrowthanddevelopment,anditalsocontributestotheoxygensupplyintheenvironment.五、討論題答案1.Thenervoussystemplaysacrucialroleinmaintaininghomeostasisinthebody.Itconsistsofthebrain,spinalcord,andnerves,anditcoordinatesandcontrolsvariousbodilyfunctions.Thenervoussystemreceivesinformationfromsensoryorgans,processesit,andsendssignalstomusclesandglandstomaintainastableinternalenvironment.2.Hyperglycemiaisaconditioncharacterizedbyhighlevelsofglucoseintheblood.Itcanbecausedbyvariousfactors,includingdiabetes,stress,andcertainmedications.Theeffectsofhyperglycemiaincludeincreasedthirst,frequenturination,fatigue,andblurredvision.Itcanbemanagedthroughlifestylechanges,medication,andregularmonitoringofbloodsugarlevels.3.Theheartisamuscularorganthatpumpsbloodthroughoutthebody.Itconsis