第1題Manyvirusesarehighlyspecificregardingthetypeofcellstheyinfect.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantdeterminantofthisspecificity?AThematrixproteinBThepolymeraseinthevirionCThesurfaceglycoproteinDTheproteaseproteinETheviralmRNA第2題Youstudythevirusesthatcauseupperrespiratorytractinfections.Youhaveisolatedavirusfromapatient’sthroatandfindthatitsgenomeisRNA.FurthermoreyoufindthatthegenomeisthecomplementofviralmRNAwithintheinfectedcell.WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTappropriateconclusionyoucoulddraw?AThegenomeRNAisinfectious.BThegenomeRNAissegmented.CThevirioncontainsapolymerase.DThevirionhasalipoproteinenvelope.EAsingle-strandedDNAissynthesizedduringreplication.第3題Thepurifiedgenomeofcertainvirusescanenteracellandelicittheproductionofprogenyviruses(i.e.,thegenomeisinfectious).Regardingtheseviruses,whichofthefollowingstatementsismostaccurate?ATheirgenomeRNAhaspositivepolarity.BTheirgenomeRNAisdouble-stranded.CTheyhaveapolymeraseinthevirion.DTheyhaveasegmentedgenome.ETheyrequiretegumentproteinsinordertobeinfectious.第4題WhichofthefollowingstatementiscorrectaboutRNAvirus?AAllRNAvirusesaresinglestranded.BMostarenakedviruses.CSomearesegmented.DAllcanintegratewithgenomeofhostcells.ERNAshouldbereversetranscribed.第5題ReversetranscriptaseenzymeispresentinAEBvirusBHumanimmunodeficiencyvirusCHerpessimplexvirusDSARS-CoV-2EInfluenzavirus第6題ThevirusesenterthehostcellsbyADirectpenetrationBCellfusionCEndocytosisDAlloftheabove第7題WhichgroupofvirusescarriesRNApolymerase?AdsDNABssDNAC-ssRNAD+ssRNAEdsRNA第8題EnvelopedvirusesareusuallyreleasedbyABuddingBCelllysisCFusionDEndocytosisEDirectpenetration第9題WhichofthefollowingmoleculeonBcellsisthereceptorofEpstein-Barrvirus?ACD4BCD8CICAM-1DCD21ECD19第10題TwodifferentstrainsofasegmentedRNAvirusinfectthesamecell.Majornewgeneticcombinationsareproducedthroughshuffling,resultinginstableanddramaticchanges.ThisphenomenaiscalledasAMutationBGenerecombinationCGenereassortmentDPhenotypicmixingEGeneticdrift第11題Iftwodifferentvirusesinfectacell,progenyvirusesmaycontaincoatcomponentsderivedfrombothparents.ThiskindofantigenicchangeofvirusiscalledAMutationBGenerecombinationCGenereassortmentDComplementationEPhenotypicmixing正確答案：E第12題Thesuffix“–viridae”referstotheviralAFamilyBGenusCSpecies第13題Whichofthefollowingpathogendoesnotcontainanygenome,justthemisfoldedproteins?AArbovirusBHIVCHepatitisvirusDPrionEViroid第14題Varicella-ZostervirusinfectionbelongstoAChronicinfectionBLatentinfectionCAcuteinfectionwithlatecomplicationDAsymptomaticinfectionEAllofabove第15題Whichofthefollowingis/arethemechanism/sofviralcytopathogenesis?AInhibitionanddegradationofcellularDNABAlterationofcellmembranestructureCViralglycoproteininsertionDSyncytiaformationEAlloftheabove正確答案：E第16題LaboratoryproceduresfordiagnosingviralInfectionsincludeAVirusisolationandgrowthBDetectionofviralproteins(antigensandenzymes)CDetectionofviralgenomesDSerologyEallofabove正確答案：E第17題Interferonsareafamilyofeukaryoticcellproteinsclassifiedaccordingtothecelloforigin.IFN-ɑandIFN-βareproducedbyavarietyofvirus-infectedcells.TheyAactontargetcellstoinhibitviralreplicationBactdirectlyonthevirusCarevirus-specificDallofabove第18題Theimmuneresponseisthebestandinmostcasestheonlymeansofcontrollingaviralinfection.ItconsistsofexceptAskinbarrierBNewlysynthesisofantigenCnaturalkillercellsDAntibodyECD4Tcells第1題Whichofthefollowingviralfamiliesdoesinfluenzavirusbelongto?AOrthomyxoviridaeBParamyxoviridaeCCoronaviridaeDTogaviridaeEAdenoviridae第2題Whichofthefollowingviruseshasasegmentedgenome?AFluvirusBMeaslesvirusCRubellavirusDMumpsvirusERSV第3題Whichoftheviralconstituentsisanionchannel?AM1BM2CNPDNSEHAFNA第4題Whichofthefollowingtestscouldbeusedtodetectthefluvirusinfectedcells?AHemagglutinationinhibitiontestBHemagglutinationtestCHemadsorptiontestDAlloftheaboveENoneoftheabove第5題MinorchangesofHAarecalledAGenemutationBGenereassortmentCAntigenicshiftDAntigenicdrift第6題Whichofthefollowinganti-fludrugsisaneuraminidaseinhibitor?AOseltaminvirBAmantadineCRimantadineDNoneoftheaboveEAlloftheabove第7題FluviruscanbedestroyedbyallthefollowingexceptAHeatedat56°Cfor30minBEtherCProteindenaturantsDLowtemperature第8題Thetype-specificantigen(A,B,orC)ofinfluenzavirusesisfoundonwhichviralconstituent??AHemagglutininBNeuraminidaseCNucleocapsidDPolymerasecomplexEMajornonstructuralproteinFLipidintheviralenvelope第9題InfluenzavirustypeAusuallyproducesamild,self-limitedfebrileillnessinthegeneralpopulation.However,worldwideepidemicshaveoccurredatdifferenttimesinhistoryduetorapidchangesinviralgeneticmakeup.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonwhythesesporadicworldwideepidemicsoccur?AAntigenicdriftBAntigenicshiftCHemagglutinindevelopstheabilitytodestroyacomponentofmucin,becomingmoreinfectiousDNeuraminidasedevelopstheabilitytoattachtosialicacidreceptors,becomingmoreinfectiousERBCsagglutinatewithcertainstrains第10題A19-year-oldstudentdevelopeda“flu-like”syndromewithfever,sorethroat,headache,andmyalgia.Inordertoprovidelaboratoryconfirmationofinfluenza,aculturefortheviruswasordered.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestspecimenforisolatingthevirusresponsibleforthisinfection?AStoolBNasopharyngealwashingCVesiclefluidDBloodESaliva第11題A75-year-oldfemalerefusedtheinfluenzavaccineandsubsequentlydevelopedinfluenza.Shediedofacutepneumonia1weekaftercontractingtheflu.Themostcommoncauseofacutepostinfluenzapneumoniaiswhichofthefollowing?ALegionellaBStaphylococcusaureusCMeaslesDCytomegalovirusEListeria第12題Rubellavirus,acommoncauseofexanthemsinchildren,isbestdescribedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?AMeaslesandGermanmeasles(rubella)arecausedbythesamevirus.BVesicularrashesarecharacteristic.CRubellacanbepreventedwithMMRvaccine.DSpecificantibodyintheserumdoesnotpreventdisease.ERubellaviruscanusuallycauseachronicdisease.第13題Thisvirusisasingle-strandedRNAorthomyxovirus.Annualvaccinationisnecessarybecauseofantigenicdriftandshift.AMeaslesvirusBInfluenzavirusCRespiratorysyncytialvirusDParainfluenzavirusEAdenovirus第14題Whichofthefollowingvirusesisasingle-strandedRNAparamyxovirus,andtherashknownasKoplikspots?AMeaslesvirusBInfluenzavirusCRespiratorysyncytialvirusDParainfluenzavirusEAdenovirus第15題Whichofthefollowingviruseswouldbetheleadingcauseofbronchiolitisandcommunity-acquiredpneumoniaininfants?AMeaslesvirusBInfluenzavirusCRespiratorysyncytialvirusDParainfluenzavirusEAdenovirus第16題Whichofthefollowingvirusesisaparamyxovirusandcausesthesyndromeknownascroup?AMeaslesvirusBInfluenzavirusCRespiratorysyncytialvirusDParainfluenzavirusEAdenovirus第17題Thisisadouble-strandedDNAvirus.Itisresponsiblefor15%ofpediatricrespiratoryinfectionsand10to15%ofacutediarrheainchildren.AMeaslesvirusBInfluenzavirusCRespiratorysyncytialvirusDParainfluenzavirusEAdenovirus正確答案：EVirusesTransmittedThroughFecal-oralRouteQuiz第1題Whichofthefollowingvirusescanbetransmittedbyfecal-oralroute?AHumanpapillomavirusesBPoxvirusesCHumanherpesvirusDCoxsackievirusEMeaslesvirus第2題Whichofthefollowingviruscancausehand-foot-and-mouthdisease(HFMD)?APoliovirus1BCoxsackievirusA16CEchovirus11DEV72EAlloftheabove第3題Herpanginaisaseverefebrilepharyngitis.ThemostcommonviralagentscausingherpanginaisAPoliovirusBCoxsackievirusACCoxsackievirusBDEchovirusEAlloftheabove第4題Whichofthefollowingvirusesisusuallyassociatedwiththeacutehemorrhagicconjunctivitis?AEV70BEV71CEV72DAllthetheabove第5題Allofthefollowingvirusescancausecommoncold-likesymptomsexceptACoxsackievirusA21BCoxsackievirusA24CEchoviruses11DEchoviruses20EPoliovirus1正確答案：E第6題EnterovirusesusuallycauseallofthefollowingdiseasesexceptAAsepticmeningitisBConjunctivitisCRespiratorytractinfectionsDPleurodyniaEMyocarditisFAcutegastroenteritis正確答案：F第7題Therearethreepoliovirustypes.Whichtypecausemostcasesofparalyticpolio?APoliovirustype1BPoliovirustype2CPoliovirustype3第8題Thesourceoftheinfectionofpoliovirusis/areAAsymptomaticcarriersBPatientswithabortivepoliomyelitisCPatientswithnonparalyticpoliomyelitisDPatientswithparalyticpoliomyelitisEAlloftheabove正確答案：E第9題PoliomyelitismainlyaffectsAChildrenunder1yearofageBChildrenunder5yearsofageCTeenagersDAdultsEPeopleinallages第10題HostresponsetopoliovirusmostlydependsonAhumoralimmunityBCell-medicatedimmunityCHumoralandcellular第11題ThegenomeofthefamilyPicornaviridaeisA+ssRNAB-ssRNACdsRNADssDNAEdsDNA第12題WhichofthefollowingviruseswithagenomeresemblingamRNAandsufficienttoinfectacell?AInfluenzavirusBMeaslesvirusCMumpsvirusDPoliovirusEDenguevirus第13題Apatientwithnuchalrigidityandheadacheundergoeslumbarpuncture.TheCSFcontainsmarkedlyincreasednumbersoflymphocytes,leadingtoapresumptivediagnosisofviralmeningitis.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofvirusesismostlikelytobeinvolved?AAdenovirusesBEnterovirusesCHumanpapillomavirusesDPoxvirusesEReoviruses第14題A10-year-oldboypresentstothephysicianwithfever,headache,andstiffneck.Examinationisremarkableforasymmetricweaknessandhyporeflexia.Hehasapoorimmunizationhistory,andpoliomyelitisisdiagnosed.Whatistheprimarymechanismbywhichpolioviruscausesparalyticdisease?ADemyelinationoflowermotorneuronaxonsBDemyelinationofuppermotorneuronaxonsCDestructionofcellbodiesoflowermotorneuronsDDestructionofmusclecellsEDestructionofsynapsesbetweentheaxonandthemuscle第15題A12-year-oldgirldevelopsmyopericarditiswithmildcongestiveheartfailurethatincreasesoverseveralweeks.CoxsackievirusB5infectionisdiagnosed.Whichofthefollowingclinicalsyndromesisalsoassociatedwithcoxsackievirusinfections?AHerpangina?BMyocarditis/pericarditis?CAsepticmeningitis?DAcutehemorrhagicconjunctivitisEAlloftheabove?正確答案：E第16題The“funship”leavesport.Onthethirddayoutofport,severaladultpassengersexperiencesuddenonsetofnauseaandabdominalcramps,followedbyperiodsofwaterydiarrhea.Someoftheaffectedpassengersalsoexperiencevomiting,andmosthaveheadaches,myalgias,orabdominalpain.StoolsmearsshownoRBCs,leukocytes,ova,orcysts.Theaffectedpassengersrecoverwithouttherapyoverthenext3days.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelycausativeagent?ANorovirusBRotavirusCShigelladysenteriaeDYersiniapseudotuberculosisEVibrioparahaemolyticus第17題Acutehemorrhagicconjunctivitis(AHC)isacontagiousocularinfectioncharacterizedbypain,swellingoftheeyelids,andsubconjunctivalhemorrhages.AHChasbeenreportedtobecausedbywhichofthefollowingviruses?ACoronavirusBReovirusCRhinovirusDEnterovirusERespiratorysyncytialvirusHIVQuiz第1題Whichofthefollowingviruscontainsreversetranscriptaseenzyme?AEBvirusBHumanimmunodeficiencyvirusCHerpessimplexvirusDSARS-CoV-2EInfluenzavirus第2題TheglycoproteinofHIV,gp120

Acausesmembranefusion.Bbindstotheviralreceptoronthecellsurface.Cishighlyconservedamongdifferentisolates.Dfailstoelicitneutralizingantibody.Einduceschemokineproduction.第3題WhichofthefollowingisthemaintargetcellofHIV?ACD8+cellsBEpithelialcellsCCTLDNKcellsECD4+cells正確答案：E第4題HIVcontainskindsofproteins,whichoneoffollowinggeneratetheneutralizingantibody?Agp120Bgp41CP24DP17EP7第5題WhichofthefollowingisnotthemechanismsofHIVcytopathogenesis?ACTLsmediated-cytolysisBAlterationofcellmembraneCAppearanceofinclusionbodiesDVirusinduced-apoptosisESyncytiaformation第6題TodesignavaccineagainstHIVinfection,ifyouwishedtopreventthefusionofHIVtothehostcells,whichmoleculemightbestbetargeted?Agp120Bgp41Cp17Dp24Ep9第7題TheattachmentofHIVisinitiatedbythebindingoftheHIVgp120moleculestothereceptorsonthetargetcells.Thengp120undergoesaconformationalchangeandbindstoasecondmolecule.WhatarethemoleculesonthesurfaceoftheinfectedcellsthatactasreceptorsandbindwiththelymphotropicHIV?ACD4andCCR5expressedonmacrophagesBCD4andCXCR4expressedondendriticcellsCCD4andCXCR4expressedonTcellsDCD41andCCR5expressedonBcellsECD41andCCR5expressedonTcells第8題Thereisusuallyalongperiod(clinicallatency)betweenthetimeofprimaryHIVinfectionandthedevelopmentofAIDSinatypicalcourseofanuntreatedHIVinfection.Duringthisperiodofclinicallatency,ACD4cellcountsremainunchanged.BViruscannotbetransmittedtoothers.CHIVisnotdetectableintheplasma.DNeutralizingantibodiesarenotelicited.EVirusispresentinlymphoidorgans.正確答案：E第9題AdoctorsufferedaneedlestickwithbloodfromanHIV-positivepatient.HeisconcernedthathemaybeinfectedwithHIV.Samplesaretakenfromthedoctoramonthlaterforanalysis.Whatassayswouldbeappropriatetodeterminewhetherthemanisinfectedwiththevirus?ACD4+cellcountBCD4:CD8cellratioCDegreeoflymphadenopathyDHIVRNAEAnti-HIVantibody第10題WhichtestisthemostusedconfirmativetestofHIVpresence?AELISATestBWesternBlotCOralFluidTestDUrineroutinedetectionEVirusisolation第11題WhichofthefollowingindividualsmaybeatincreasedriskofacquiringanHIVinfection?AAgrandmotherlivinginthesamehouseholdwitharelativewhoisHIV-positiveBAtouristinhistripwithmultiplesexpartners.CAreceptionistatanAIDSclinicinahospital.DAteacherwithanHIV-positivechildinherclassroom.EAbaseballplayerwhoseteammateisHIV-positive.第12題PotentiallyinfectiousfluidsinapersonwithHIVinfectionincludeallofthefollowingexceptABloodBSalivavisiblycontaminatedwithbloodCGenitalsecretionsDAmnioticfluidEUrinenotvisiblycontaminatedwithblood正確答案：E第13題OneofthebiggestproblemencounteredintheHIV/AIDSvaccinestudiesisATheviruscouldnotbecultivated.BThereisnoanimalmodel.CTherearelotsofsubtypesofHIV.DThestructureofHIVistoocomplex.EHighvariabilityofglycoproteinofvirusenvelope.正確答案：E第14題Highlyactiveantiretroviraltherapy(HAART)becameavailablefortreatmentofHIVinfection,utilizingvariousclassesofdrugtargetingvariousreplicationcyclesteps.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthetargetsforantiviralagents?AmembranesynthesisBgp120formationCp24antibodyexpressionDReversetranscriptaseEDNase第15題ThecommonopportunisticinfectionsoccurinAIDSpatientsexceptAInfectionoftoxoplasmaBInfectionofClostridiumdifficileCInfectionofMycobacteriumtuberculosisDInfectionofCryptococcusneoformansEInfectionofCytomegalovirusHerpesVirusesQuiz第1題A55-year-oldmandevelopedsomefluid-filledblistersonandaroundhislipsafterhegotfeveradayago.Whichofthefollowingvirusesisthemostlikelyagentcausinghiscondition?AHerpessimplexvirusBCytomegalovirusCVericella-zostervirusDMeaslesvirusEMumpsvirus第2題Atypicallymphocytosisismostlikelytobefoundinwhichoneofthefollowingdiseases?AEncephalitiscausedbyherpessimplexvirus(HSV)BMononucleosisinducedbyEpstein-BarrvirusCParvovirusinfectionDChronichepatitisCERotavirusgastroenteritis第3題WhichoneofthefollowingwouldbethetreatmentofchoiceforHSVinfection?AAcyclovirBKilledvirusvaccineCHerpesimmuneglobulinDAzythromycinERecombinantviralvaccine第4題Whatisthemostappropriatespecimenforthedetectionofavaricella-zostervirus(VZV)?ACervicaltissueBSynovialfluidCBloodDSkinECerebrospinalfluid第5題A28-year-oldpregnantwomanpresentsneartermwithlesionssuspiciousforprimarygenitalherpes.CultureidentifiesthepresenceofHSV-2.Atthetimeofdeliveryshestillhasactivegenitallesions.Whichofthefollowingshouldbedonetoavoidtransmittingthevirustothebaby?ACesareandeliveryBInternalfetalmonitoringCRuptureofthemembranestospeeddeliveryDVaginaldelivery第6題Allofthefollowingdiseasesareclassicalchildhoodexanthems(rash)exceptAVaricellaBRubellaCDengueDRoseolaEMeasles第7題Whichofthefollowingvirusescanbelatentinneurons?AEBVBHAVCHSVDCMVEHBVHepatitisVirusesQuiz第1題HDVisadefectivevirusthatcanreplicateonlyincellsalreadyinfectedwithwhichofthefollowingviruses?AHepatitisAvirusBEpstein-BarrvirusCHepatitisGvirusDHepatitisBvirusEHIV第2題WhichofthefollowingmarkersisusuallythefirstviralmarkerdetectedafterhepatitisBinfection?AHBeAgBHBsAgCHBcAgDAnti-HBcEAnti-HBe第3題WhichofthefollowingmarkersiscloselyassociatedwithHBVinfectionandDNApolymeraseactivity?AHBeAgBHBsAgCHBcAgDAnti-HBsEAnti-HBe第4題Whichofthefollowingisfoundwithinthenucleiofinfected

livercellsandnotusuallyintheperipheralcirculation?AHBeAgBHBsAgCHBcAgDAnti-HBcEAnti-HBe第5題IgMantibodytotheviralparticleisthemethodofchoiceforlaboratorydiagnosisofwhichoneofthefollowinghepatitisviruses?AHepatitisABHepatitisBCHepatitisCDHepatitisDEHepatitisE第6題Vaccinationforthishepaticdiseaseiswithviralsurfaceantigenandusuallyprovidesimmunity.AHepatitisABHepatitisBCHepatitisCDHepatitisDEHepatitisE第7題Thishepatitisvirusisacalicivirus.Thereservoirisinpigs,andhumansacquireitviathefecal-oralroute.AHepatitisABHepatitisBCHepatitisCDHepatitisDEHepatitisE正確答案：E第8題A25-year-oldresidentisfoundtobebothHBsAg-positiveandHBeAg-positive.TheresidentmostlikelyAhashepatitisBandisinfectiousBhasbothHBVandHEVinfectionsChasachronicHEVinfectionsDhasclearedapastHBVinfectionEwaspreviouslyimmunizedwithHBVvaccinepreparedfromhealthyHBsAg-positivecarriers第9題A50-year-oldwomanisadmittedtothehospitalbecauseofjaundice.ThensheisfoundtohavehepatitisCvirusinfection.ThemajorriskfactorforHCVinfectionisATattoosBInjectingdruguseCBloodtransfusionDSexualactivityEWorkinginhealthcareoccupations第10題Severaldifferentvirusescancausehepatitis.Oneofthefollowingstatementsappliestoallfourviruses:HAV,HCV,HDV,andHEV.Aistransmittedprimarilybythefecal-oral-routeBistransmittedprimarilybytherespiratoryrouteCcontainsasingle-strandedRNAgenomeDisassociatedwithfulminanthepatitisEundergoessequencevariationduringchronicinfectionOtherImportantHumanVirusesQuiz第1題AllofthefollowingarevectorsofarbovirusesexceptAAedesBCulexCTicksDRodentsEMites第2題AllthefollowingvirusesareinthesamefamilywithDenguevirusexceptAJapaneseEncephalitisvirusBEasternequineencephalitisvirusCRussianspring-summerencephalitisvirusDYellowfevervirusEWestNilevirus第3題TheNaturalhost/sofDenguevirusis/areAMonkeyBHumanCMosquitoesDMonkeyandhumanEMonkey,humanandmosquitoes第4題Hantaviruses,whichcancauseHFRS,canbedescribedbywhichofthefollowing?ATheyarearenavirusesBTheyarereadilytransmittedhuman-to-humanCTheycauseinfluenza-likesymptomsfollowedrapidlybyacutegastroenteritisDTheyareacquiredbyinhalationofaerosolsofmouseurineandfecesETheynevershowantigenicvariation第5題Allofthefollowingviralfamilieshave-ssRNAgenomesexceptAArenaviridaeBBunyaviridaeCFiloviridaeDFlaviviridae第6題ThereservoirforhantaanvirusisAStripedfieldmouseBBrownratCNorwayratDDeerrat第7題ThechemicalcompositionofprionisAnucleicacid,proteinBnucleicacid,lipidCnucleicacidDProteinELipid第8題A40-yearoldwomanisunablerememberwhereshelivedorevenherphone.Shepresentsdisorientedandconfused.Sheisadmittedforobservationandtestingandbeginstohallucinateandsalivateexcessively.Thewomanhadbeenbittenbyaraccon.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelycause?AMeaslesBPrionCRabiesvirusDHIVEPoliovirus第9題ThepresenceofNegribodiesinthecytoplasmofhippocampalneuronsmayassistinthediagnosisofAencephalitisBvirusinfectionBrabiesvirusinfectionCforestencephalitisvirusinfectionDherpesvirusinfectionEP