第1題Whichofthefollowingareprokaryotic?AbacteriaBarchaeaCprotistsDbothaandb第2題Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofbioremediation?Aapplicationofoil-degradingbacteriatoanoilspillBapplicationofbacteriatoacroptopreventfrostdamageCfixationofgaseousnitrogenintousablenitrogenDproductionbybacteriaofahumanproteinsuchasinterferon第3題Spallanzani’sconclusionaboutspontaneousgenerationwaschallengedbecauseAntoineLavoisierhadjustshownthatoxygenwasthevitalcomponentofair.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?AAllliferequiresair.BOnlydisease-causingorganismsrequireair.CSomemicrobesdonotrequireair.DPasteurkeptairoutofhisbiogenesisexperiments.第4題Whichprocessinvolvesthedeliberatealterationofanorganism’sgeneticmaterial?AbioremediationBdecompositionCbiotechnologyDrecombinantDNA第5題WhichofthefollowingpartswasabsentfromLeeuwenhoek'smicroscopes?AfocusingscrewBspecimenholderClensDcondenser第6題Whichearlymicrobiologistwasmostresponsiblefordevelopingstandardmicrobiologylaboratorytechniques?ALouisPasteurBCarlvonLinneCRobertKochDJohnTyndall第7題Whichscientistismostresponsibleforfinallylayingthetheoryofspontaneousgenerationtorest?AJosephListerBRobertKochCFrancescoRediDLouisPasteur第8題Whichofthefollowingisabeneficialactivityofmicroorganisms?ASomemicroorganismsareusedasfoodforhumans.BSomemicroorganismsprovidenitrogenforplantgrowth.CSomemicroorganismsareusedinsewagetreatmentprocesses.DSomemicroorganismsusecarbondioxide.正確答案：ABCD第9題WhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantelementofKoch’sgermtheoryofdisease?TheanimalshowsdiseasesymptomswhenAtheanimalhasbeenincontactwithasickanimal.Bamicroorganismisobservedintheanimal.Camicroorganismisinoculatedintotheanimal.Dmicroorganismscanbeculturedfromtheanimal.第10題IthasbeensaidthatbacteriaareessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonEarth.Whichofthefollowingistheessentialfunctionperformedbybacteria?AcontrolinsectpopulationsBdirectlyprovidefoodforhumansCdecomposeorganicmaterialandrecycleelementsDcausedisease第1題Pureculturetechniqueisthebasisofmicrobiologyresearch,roughlydividedintothefollowingcategories:____、____、____、____.正確答案：:steriletechnique正確答案：:singlecellseparation正確答案：:selectiveseparation正確答案：:microbialpreservation第2題

Affectingmicrobialstabilityfactorsinclude____、____、____.正確答案：:mutation正確答案：:contamination正確答案：:death第3題Organizationofculturecollectionofmicroorganismsare____、____、____、____正確答案：:ATCC正確答案：:IPL正確答案：:CCCCM正確答案：:NCTC第4題Underusualoperatingconditions,thefieldofvisioninacompoundlightmicroscopeisbrightlyilluminated.Byfocusingthelight,thecondenserproducesabrightfieldillumination.第5題Flagellastainingrequiresamordanttomaketheflagellawideenoughtosee.第6題Pureculturetechniqueisthebasisofmicrobiologyresearch.However,mixedculturecontainsoneormoredifferentmicroorganisms第7題Thepureculturewasseparatedbyliquidmedium.Usedforpurificationandseparationofbacteria,protozoaandalgaewithlargecells.第8題Thedisadvantagesofcultivationofanaerobicbacteriaisdifficulttoobserveandpickcolonies第9題Darkfieldmicroscopyaresimplestofalltheopticalmicroscopyillumination.Darkobjectsarevisibleagainstabrightbackground.第10題TheGramstainwasdevelopedin1894bytheDanishbacteriologistHansChristianGram.ChapterTest-3第1題ThedifferencebetweentypicalGram-positivebacteriaandtypicalGram-negativebacteriaisduetothephysicalnatureoftheircellmembranes.第2題Peptidoglycanisasignaturemoleculeforalloftheprokaryotes第3題Thebacterialcytoskeletalproteinsarestructurallysimilartotheireukaryoticcounterpartsandcarryoutsimilarfunctions.第4題Bacterialribosomesarecalled80Sribosomesandareconstructedofa50Sanda30Ssubunit第5題

Thecorepolysaccharide

portionofLPScanactasatoxinandiscalledendotoxin.第6題Theperiplasmicspaceofgram-negativecellwallissonarrowthatitisoftennotvisible.第7題Penicillininterfereswiththefinallinkingofthepeptidoglycanrowsbypeptideinterbridges.第8題Thesizeofbacteriaismeasuredinnanometer.第9題Thecellsoflifeareclassifiedintoprokaryoticcellsandeukaryotic

cells.

第10題Gram-negativebacteriaareso-namedbecausetheyquicklydieinthepresenceoftheGramreagent.第11題Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?Ametachromaticgranules-storedphosphatesBpolysaccharidegranules-storedstarchClipidinclusions--poly-β-hydroxybutyricacidDribosomes-proteinstorage第12題Youhaveisolatedamotile,gram-positivecellwithnovisiblenucleus.YoucanassumethiscellhasAribosomes.Bmitochondria.Canendoplasmicreticulum.DaGolgicomplex.第13題TheantibioticamphotericinBdisruptsplasmamembranesbycombiningwithsterols;itwillaffectallofthefollowingcellsexceptAanimalcells.Bgram-negativebacterialcellsCfungalcells.DMycoplasmacells.第14題Thechromosomesofbacteriaaretypically：Alinear,madeofsingle-strandedDNA,andfoundintheirnucleusBcircular,madeofsinge-strandedDNA,andfoundintheirnucleusClinear,madeofdouble-strandedDNA,andfoundintheirnucleoidregionDcircular,madeofdouble-strandedDNA,andfoundintheirnucleoidregion第15題ThefirstlivingcellonearthwasmostsimilartoAacyanobacteriumBanendosporeformerCagram-positivecellDanarchaea第16題Whichofthefollowingisnotadistinguishingcharacteristicofprokaryoticcells?ATheyusuallyhaveasingle,circularchromosome.BTheyhave70Sribosomes.CTheyhavecellwallscontainingpeptidoglycan.DTheirDNAisnotassociatedwithhistones.ETheylackaplasmamembrane.正確答案：E第17題Whichofthefollowingisfalseaboutfimbriae?ATheymaybeusedformotility.BTheymaybeusedforattachment.CTheyarefoundongram-negativecells.DTheyarecomposedofpilin.第18題Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?Aglycocalyx-adherenceBpili-reproductionCplasmamembrane-transportDcellwall-protection第19題Metachromaticgranulesareconcentrated______foundin______Afat,MycobacteriumBdipicolinicacid,BacillusCsulfur,ThiobacillusDPO4,Corynebacterium第20題BacterialendosporesfunctioninAreproductionBsurvivalCproteinsynthesisDstorage第21題Anarrangementinpacketsofeightcellsisdescribedasa______AmicrococcusBdiplococcusCtetradDsarcina第22題Towhichtaxonomicgroupdocyanobacteriabelong?ADomainArchaeaBPhylumActinobacteriaCDomainBacteriaDPhylumFusobacteria第23題Whichstainisusedtodistinguishdifferencesbetweenthecellwallsofmedicallyimportantbacteria?AsimplestainBacridineorangestainCGramstainDnegativestain第24題Piliaretubularshaftsin______bacteriathatserveasameansof______Agram-positive,geneticexchangeBgram-positive,attachmentCgram-negative,geneticexchangeDgram-negative,protection第25題AnexampleofaglycocalyxisAacapsuleBpiliCoutermembraneDacellwall第26題Whichofthefollowingisaprimarybacterialcellwallfunction?AtransportBmotilityCsupportDadhesion第27題Whichofthefollowingispresentinbothgram-positiveandgram-negativecellwalls?AanoutermembraneBpeptidoglycan.CteichoicacidDlipopolysaccharides第28題whichstructureisnotacomponentofallcells?AcellwallBcellmembraneCgeneticmaterialDribosomes第29題VirusesarenotconsideredlivingthingsbecauseAtheyarenotcellsBtheycannotreproducebythemselvesCtheylackmetabolismDAllofthesearecorrect第30題ThemajorlocomotorstructuresinbacteriaareAflagellaBpiliCfimbriaeDciliaChapterTest-4第1題Reproductioninfungicanbeeitherasexualorsexual.

第2題Eachhyphaeofafungusmaydevelopintoanewthallus,whichisasexualreproduction第3題Fungalcelllackofcellwalls第4題Ingeneral,fungiderivenutrientsthroughAphotosynthesisBengulfingbacteriaCdigestingorganicsubstratesDparasitism第5題AhyphadividedintocompartmentsbycrosswallsiscalledAnonseptateBimperfectCseptateDperfect第6題WhichisNOTacharacteristicofaeukaryoticcell?AAnucleussurroundedbyanuclearenvelopeBTheyhaveanumberofmembrane-enclosedorganellesCDNAorganizedintochromosomesDanucleoidregionwhereDNAisconcentrated第7題WhichoftheseisNOTafungus?AMoldBMushroomCAlgaeDYeast第8題Ofthe4componentsoftheyeastcellwall,themaincomponentthatimpartsitsmechanicalstrengthisAglucanBproteinCChitinDmannan第9題WhichofthefollowingisnotasexualreproductionbyyeastAfissionBmultiplebuddingConeendbuddingDAscospores第10題Yeastsare______fungi,andmoldsare______fungi.Amacroscopic,microscopicBunicellular,filamentousCmotile,nonmotileDwater,terrestrial第11題BothflagellaandciliaarefoundprimarilyinAalgaeBprotozoaCfungiDbothbandc第12題FeaturesofthenuclearenvelopeincludeAribosomesBadoublemembranestructureCporesthatallowcommunicationwiththecytoplasmDbandc第13題Thecellwallisusuallyfoundinwhicheukaryotes?AfungiBalgaeCprotozoaDaandb第14題Whatisembeddedinroughendoplasmicreticulum?AribosomesBGolgiapparatusCchromatinDvesiclesChapterTest-5第1題Virusesare____outsideofhostcell.

正確答案：:inactiveornotalive第2題Sixphasesofanimalviruslifecycleare________________________正確答案：:Adsorption正確答案：:Penetration正確答案：:Uncoating正確答案：:Synthesis正確答案：:Assembly正確答案：:Release第3題Virusescommonlycontaineither____or____astheirgeneticmaterial.正確答案：:DNA正確答案：:RNA第4題Bacteriophages,containtailfibersandcapsidhead____capsid.正確答案：:complex第5題第6題SpecialDNAphagesthathavetheabilitytoundergoadsorptionandpenetrationinbacterialhostandnotreplicateimmediately.Integratenucleicacidintohostgenome.Prophagestage:insertionofbacterialchromosomeandresultsinaconditioncalledlysogen,cellsdonotlyseandappearnormalATreatmentofAnimalVirusInfectionsBPenetration/UncoatingofAnimalVirusesCTemperatePhages

partoflysogenyDReplicationofdsDNAviruses第7題Sumtotalofgeneticinformationcarriedbyorganism.Viruseshavesmallnumberofviralgenes.AGenomeBNegativeSenseRNACVirionDCapsid第8題FoundinAIDSvirus-synthesizesDNAfromRNA.Can'tproducemetabolicenzymessostealsfromhostcell.ASegmentedRNAVirusesBPersistentInfectionsCLysogenicConversionDReverseTranscriptase第9題1)EntryofnucleicacidcausescessationofhostcellNDAreplicationandproteinsynthesis2)Hostcellmachineryusedforviralreplicationandproteins.3)Spontaneouslyassembly4)CelllysisABacteriophageLifecycleBNonEnvelopedReleaseCReplicationofdsDNAvirusesDExternalCoatinginAnimalViruses第10題第11題第12題ThefirststepininfectionofahostbacterialcellsbyaphageisAabsorptionBadsorptionCpenetrationDreplication第13題TheviralnucleocapsidisthecombinationofAgenomeandcapsidBcapsidandspikesCenvelopeandcapsidDcapsomereandgenome第14題AchangefromlysogenytolysisisgenerallyinducedbyAultravioletlightBchemicalsCirradiationDallofthese第15題InorderforavirustoreplicateAthecapsidmustenterthehostcellcytoplasmBthehostcellmustbeundergoingmitosisCthegenomemustbereleasedinthecytoplasmDthehostcellmustlackacellmembrane第16題Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofviruses?AViruseshavebeensuccessfullygrowninpureculturesintesttubesBAllvirusesareobligatoryintracellularparasitesCAllviruseshaveeitherDNAorRNAastheirgeneticmaterialDVirusesprobablyarosefromsmallfragmentsofcellularchromosomes第17題ThesizeofvirusesisusuallymeasuredinAcentimetersBmicrometersCnanometersDmillimeters第18題Virusesrequire__________forgrowth.AbacteriaBplantsCanimalsDlivingcells第19題ReversetranscriptaseisausefulenzymetohavewhenAanRNAvirusconvertsitsRNAtoDNABtherearenohostcellspresentCnutrientsarescarceDspikesareforminginthenewvirus第20題Whenavirusentersacellbutdoesnotreplicateimmediately,thesituationiscalledAlysogenyBfermentationCsymbiosisDsynergismChapterTest-6第1題Instationaryphase,thetotalnumberofviablemicroorganismsremainsconstant.第2題Solidifiedmediaareparticularlyimportantbe-causetheycanbeusedtoisolatedifferentmicrobesfromeachothertoestablishpurecultures.

第3題Whichofthefollowingisnotinvolvedinquorumsensing?AaccumulationofinducerBacertainlevelofbiofilmdensityCself-monitoringDreleaseofgeneticmaterial第4題ThetimerequiredforacelltoundergobinaryfissionIscalledtheAexponentialgrowthcurveBgrowthcurveCgenerationtimeDlagperiod第5題Whichofthefollowingistrueofpassivetransport?AitrequiresagradientBitusesthecellwallCitincludesendocytosisDitonlymoveswaterChapterTest-7第1題IonizingandnonionizingarebothintendedtodisruptDNA.第2題Whichofthefollowingisnotachararcteristicofquaternaryammoniumcompounds?Abactericidalagainstgram-positivebacteriaBsporicidalCamebicidalDfungicidal第3題Thetemperature-pressurecombinationforanautoclaveisA100℃and4psiB121℃and15psiC131℃and9psiD115℃and3psi第4題DetergentsareAhigh-levelgermicidesBlow-levelgermicidesCexcellentantisepticsDusedindisinfectingsurgicalinstruments第5題NoorganismsareleftafterPasteurizationtreatmentChapterTest-8第1題Threemeansforgeneticrecombinationinbacteriaare____,____,and____.

正確答案：:conjugation正確答案：:transformation正確答案：:andtransduction第2題Sincemutationscanbepotentiallyfatal,thecellhasseveralenzymaticrepairmechanismsinplacetofindandrepairdamagedDNA.Theyare____________and____.

正確答案：:DNApolymerase正確答案：:Mismatchrepair正確答案：:Lightrepair正確答案：:Excisionrepair第3題Inducibleoperonismadeofthreesegments:____,____,and____.

正確答案：:regulator正確答案：:controllocus正確答案：:structurallocus第4題Twotypesofoperonsare____operonsand____operons.

正確答案：:inducible正確答案：:repressible第5題DNApolymeraseIIIaddsnucleotidesina5'to3'direction.____strand:synthesizedcontinuouslyin5'to3'direction:

____strand:synthesized5'to3'inshortsegments;overalldirectionis3'to5'.

正確答案：:leading正確答案：:lagging第6題第7題第8題genethatcodesforproteincapableofrepressingoperonAWhatistranscriptionBWhatisbackmutationCWhatisregulargeneDWhatisreplicationfork第9題non-specificacceptancebybacterialcellofsmallfragmentsofsolubleDNAfromsurroundingenvironmentAWhatistransformationBWhatisDNAreplicationCWhatistranscriptionDWhatistransduction第10題第11題第12題第13題第14題第15題第16題-SynthesizedCONTINUOUSLY-Usesonly1RNAprimer&proceedsinthesamedirectionasreplicationforkATerminationinTranscriptionBRepressibleOperon-ProkaryoticOperonsCLaggingStrandinDNAReplicationDLeadingStrandinDNAReplication第17題Operonconsistsofapromoterandaseriesofgenes-controlledbyaregulatorelementcalledanoperator-operatorscontroloperonsAEukaryoticTranslationBProkaryoticOperons-GeneticExpressionCProkaryoticTranscription-InitiationDProkaryoticTranscription-Elongation第18題30differentenzymesseperatestrandsofexsistingDNA,copy1strand,produces2completedaughtermolecules.Identicaltoparentcell,servesastemplateAWhatisDNApolymeraseIIIBWhatisDNApolymeaseICWhatisthechromosomeDWhatisDNAreplication第19題TwoareaspromoterrecognizedbytheRNApolymeaseandoperatorsequenceactsason/offswitchfortranscriptionAWhatisthechromosomeBWhatisnonsensemutationCWhatiscontrollocusDWhatistransformation第20題processbywhichbacteriophageservesascarrierofDNAfromdonorcelltoreceivingcell,generalizedandspecificAWhatisrepressibleB

WhatistranscriptionCWhatistransformationDWhatistransductionChapterTest-9第1題Intowhichgroupwouldyouplaceamulticellularorganismthathasamouthandlivesinsidethehumanliver?AAnimaliaBFungiCPlantaeDFirmicutes(gram-positivebacteria)第2題Whichis(are)foundonlyinprokaryotes?AnucleusBfimbriaCpeptidoglycanDplasmamembrane正確答案：BC第3題AprominentdifferencebetweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellsistheAlargersizeofprokaryotesBlackofpigmentationineukaryotesCpresenceofanucleusineukaryotesDpresenceofacellwallinprokaryotes第4題Whichisthecorrectorderofthetaxonomiccategories,goingfrommostspecifictomostgeneral?Adomain,kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,speciesBdivision,domain,kingdom,class,family,genus,speciesCspecies,genus,family,order,class,phylum,kingdom,domainDspecies,family,class,order,phylum,kingdom第5題Whichofthefollowingisascientificname?AMycobacteriumtuberculosisBTuberclebacillus第6題BacillusandLactobacillusarenotinthesameorder.Thisindicatesthatwhichoneofthefollowingisnotsufficienttoassignanorganismtoataxon?AbiochemicalcharacteristicsBaminoacidsequencingCphagetypingDmorphologicalcharacteristics第7題WhichofthefollowingisusedtoclassifyorganismsintotheKingdomFungi?Aabilitytophotosynthesize;possessacellwallBunicellular;lackingcellwall;eukaryoticCabsorptive;possesscellwall;eukaryoticDingestive;lackingcellwall;multicellular;prokaryotic第8題Whichofthefollowingisfalseaboutscientificnomenclature?AEachnameisspecific.BNamesvarywithgeographicallocation.CThenamesarestandardized.DEachnameconsistsofagenusandspecificepithet.第9題YoucouldidentifyanunknownbacteriumbyallofthefollowingexceptAhybridizingaDNAprobefromaknownbacteriumwiththeunknown’sDNA.Bmakingafattyacidprofileoftheunknown.Cspecificantiserumagglutinatingtheunknown.Dpercentageofguanine+cytosine.第10題Intowhichgroupwouldyouplaceaphotosyntheticorganismthatlacksanucleusandhasathinpeptidoglycanwallsurroundedbyanoutermembrane?AAnimaliaBFungiCPlantaeDFirmicutes(gram-positivebacteria)ChapterTest-10第1題Therearethreemaintypesofhumaninterferons____,____,and____.正確答案：:alphainterferon(IFN-α)正確答案：:betainterferon(IFN-β)正確答案：:gammainterferon(IFN-γ)第2題Somebacteriause____

,____and____destructiontoescapethedestructionofcomplement.正確答案：:capsules正確答案：:surfacelipid–carbohydratecomplexes正確答案：:enzymaticdestructionofC5a第3題Thethreewaysofthecomplementsystemare____,____,and____

.正確答案：:classicalpathways正確答案：:alternativepathways正確答案：:lectinpathways第4題Threefunctionsofthecomplementsystem____

,____,____

.正確答案：:Enhancesinflammatoryresponse正確答案：:Increasephagocytosisthroughopsonizationorimmuneadherence正確答案：:CreateMembraneAttackComplexes(MACs)第5題____

and____

inbodyfluidsarethesecondlineofdefensetodefendthehumanbody.正確答案：:Bactericidalsubstances正確答案：:phagocyte第6題Onewayforinfectedhostcellstoresistviralinfectionistouseaseriesofcytokinescalled____.正確答案：:interferons(IFNs)第7題Thecomplementsystemiscomposedofmorethan30types____producedbytheliver.正確答案：:proteins第8題Antibacterialsubstancesmainlyinclude____

,____

,____

,and____.正確答案：:proteinsofthecomplementsystem正確答案：:interferons正確答案：:iron-bindingproteins正確答案：:antimicrobialpeptides第9題Thesecondlineofdefenseismainlycomposedof____.正確答案：:formedelementsinblood第10題Thethreestagesofinflammationare____

,____

,and

____

.正確答案：:vasodilationandincreasedpermeabilityofbloodvessels正確答案：:phagocytemigrationandphagocytosis正確答案：:tissuerepair第11題Phagocytosisisdividedintofourmainstages:

____

,____,

____,

____.正確答案：:chemotaxis正確答案：:adherence正確答案：:ingestion正確答案：:digestion第12題Inadditiontotheskinofthewholebody,____

,____

,and____arealsothefirstlineofdefenseofthehumanbody.正確答案：:"mucousmembrane"ofthedigestivetract正確答案：:respiratorytract正確答案：:urogenitaltract第13題Theexternalearcanalcontains____and____

,正確答案：:hairs正確答案：:earwax第14題____

isamechanismtoprotecttheeyes.正確答案：:lacrimal第15題Thehumanbody'sfirstlineofdefenseagainstenvironmentalpathogensistheresultof

____

and____workingtogether.正確答案：:physical正確答案：:chemical第16題第17題第18題第19題第20題第21題第22題第23題第24題第25題第26題第27題第28題第29題第30題第31題The____and____membranesarethebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstenvironmentalpathogens.

正確答案：:skin正確答案：:mucous第32題Innateimmunityfirst-linedefensesinclude____、____.正確答案：:skin正確答案：:mucousmembranes第33題Themodeofactionofinterferonistoinduceuninfectedcellstoproduce____andinhibitvirusreplication.正確答案：:antiviralproteins(AVPs)第34題one'sowntissuesandorgans.第35題____

thepresenceofbacteriallipopolysaccharideandheat-shockproteins.正確答案：:TLR4signals第36題ThesalivaandtearsofAIDSpatientsalsocontainHIV.第37題Non-specificimmunityistheabilitytodefendagainstallpathogens.

第38題Ingeneral,therearetwotypesofimmunity____、____.正確答案：:innate正確答案：:adaptive第39題____、____、____、____areinvolvedinbacteriainvasionprocess.正確答案：:Adhesion正確答案：:diffusion正確答案：:invasion正確答案：:colonization第40題CytokinesarenotincludedALymphotoxinBAllergytoxinCIL-2DColonystimulatingfactorEInterferon第41題WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthebiologicalroleofIL-2?AByautocrineandparacrineBItcanpromoteTlymphocyteproliferationanddifferentiationCRecognizedbyil-2receptorsonthemembraneofactivatedBlymphocytesDItcanenhanceNKcellactivityEInhibitionofTh1celldifferentiation正確答案：E第42題CytokinesthatcanstimulatetheproliferationanddifferentiationoferythrocyteprecursorcellsintomatureerythrocytesareAIL-1BIL-2CIL-4DIFNEEPO正確答案：E第43題WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutcytokinesABioactivesubstancesynthesizedandsecretedbycellsBItcanregulateavarietyofcellularphysiologicalfunctionsCItplaysaveryimportantregulatoryroleintheimmunesystemDIsitgoodforthebodyunderanycircumstancesECytokinesincludeIL,IFN,CSF,TNFandchemotacticcytokines第44題Whichofthefollowingisnottrueabouttheeffectoreffectofcytokines?AWorksinAnonspecificwayBNoMHCrestrictionCStrongbiologicaleffectsDItlastsalongtimeinthebodyETheeffectismulti-directional第45題TcellsaredistinguishedfromBcellsbyAMorphologicaldifferencesBThedifferenceinsizeCDifferencesinintracytoplasmicparticlesDNucleardifferencesEDifferencesinfilmsurfacemarks正確答案：E第46題SurfacemarkersthatTlymphocytesdonotpossessare:ACD2BCD3CCD4/CD8DCD80(B7)ETCR第47題ComplementlysisproductsthatcanbothchemotaxisandstimulatemastcellstoreleasehistamineareAC3bBC4bCC4aDC5aEC2a第48題WhichofthefollowingisC5invertase?AC3bBbPBC4b2bCC3bBbDC3bBb3b第49題ThecomplementlysisproductswithopsonativeeffectsareAC4aBC5aCC3aDC3bEC5b第50題Whichofthefollowingtypesofcellscannotsecretecytokines?ATlymphocytesBBlymphocytesCPlasmacellDMonocytesEFibroblasts第51題Whichcomponentsmustbeinvolvedinthethreeactivationpathwaysofcomplementsystem?AC1qBC4andC2CC3DBfactorEDfactor第52題Intheclassicalactivationpathway,complementrecognitionunitisAC1BC2CC3DC5EC9第53題Amongtheclassicalapproaches,immunoglobulinwiththestrongestcomplementactivationabilityisAIgGBIgECIgADIgMEIgD第54題ThecomplementsystemisAAsinglecomponentofnormalserumactivatedbyanantigen-antibodycomplexBItexistsinnormalserumandisagroupofthermallystablecomponentsCasinglecomponentofnormalserumthatincreasesinseruminresponsetoantigenicstimulationDAmulti-sub-systemcomposedofmorethan30proteins,withenzymeactivityandself-regulation第55題ThemostimmunogenicsubstanceisAproteinBlipidCpolysaccharideDThenucleicacidElipopolysaccharide第56題HaptenAAremacromoleculesBUsuallyproteinCOnlyimmunogenicityDReactivityonlyEOnlyafterbindingtothecarriercanitbeboundtothecorrespondingantibody第57題SuperantigenACertainTorBcellscanbepolyclonalactivatedBItmustbeprocessedbyantigenpresentingcellsCNothingtodowithaSuperantigenutoimmunediseaseDTherearestrictMHCconstraintsEOnlyonecorrespondingT-cellclonecanbeactivated第58題ResistancetosmallpoxafterexposuretovacciniavaccinereflectsAAntigenspecificityBThecrossreactionofantigensCHyperinfectionofthevirusDInnateimmuneEActiveprotection第59題第60題WhichofthefollowingisnotimmunogenicAHeterophilicantigenBantibodyCcomplementDhaptenEBacterialpolysaccharides第61題PropertiesoftoxoidAImmunogenicity,toxicityBNoimmunogenicity,notoxicityCImmunogenicity,nontoxicDThereistoxicityandnoimmunogenicityEAllergenicity,toxicity第62題ThecrossreactioniscausedbytwodifferentantigenmoleculeshavingAConformationaldeterminantBDifferentepitopeCFunctionaldeterminantDCommonepitopeEContinuousdeterminant第63題Asubstancethathasonlyreact