第1題AuditoryinformationisprimarilyprocessedinAFrontallobes

BTemporallobes

COccipitallobes

第2題Whichofthefollowinglobesareprimarilyconcernedwithplanningandprediction?AFrontallobesBTemporallobes

COccipitallobes

第3題TheWernicke’sareaislocatedin

Athefrontallobeofthelefthemisphere

Bthefrontallobeoftherighthemisphere

Cthetemporallobeofthelefthemisphere

第4題Neuralfibers,theprojectionsofneuroncellsthathavemyelinsheathsarecalled

AaxonsBdendrites

Cneurotransmitters

第5題Howmanylayersarethereinthehumanneocortex?

A1layerB6layers

C10layers

第6題Theencephalizationquotientis

Atheratioofbrainmassrelativetobodymass

Btheratioofspinalcordmassrelativetobrainmass

Ctheratioofbrainmassrelativetoitssurfacearea

第7題WhichofthefollowingcapacitiesareimpairedinBroca’saphasia?

Aspeechproduction

Bspeechperception

Cnonverbalintelligence

第8題Specificlanguageimpairmentsareassociatedwith

AphonologicaldeficitsBgrammaticaldeficits

Cdeficitsatalllevelsofthelanguagesystem

第9題Neuroimagingisusedinneurolinguisticsinorderto

Astudytheneurolinguisticmechanismsofspeechproductionandperception

Bstudythegeneticmechanismsunderlyingthehumanlinguisticcapacity

Ccorrectspeechdeficits

第10題Thedorsallanguagestreamconnects

ATheWernicke’sareawiththeparietalandoccipitalcortex

BTheBroca’areawiththeparietalandoccipitalcortex

CTheBroca’areawiththetemporalandpremotorcortex

第11題Theventrallanguagestreamconnects

Athefrontallobewiththeparietalandtemporallobes

Bthegyriinthefrontallobe

Ctheleftandrighthemispheres

第1題Visualinformationisprimarilyprocessedin

AFrontallobes

BTemporallobesCOccipitallobes

第2題TheBroca’sareaislocatedin

Athefrontallobeofthelefthemisphere

Bthefrontallobeoftherighthemisphere

Cthetemporallobeofthelefthemisphere第3題Sitesoffunctionalcontactbetweenneuronsarecalled

AsynapsesBmediators

Creceptors

第4題Thehumanbrainrelativetothebrainsofotherspecies

Aislarger

Bhasmoreneurons

Chasmoreneuronsintheneocortex

第5題WhichofthefollowingcapacitiesareimpairedinWernicke’saphasia?Aspeechproduction

BspeechperceptionCnonverbalintelligence

第6題TheWilliamssyndromeisassociatedwith

Aspeechandintellectdeficits

Bspeechdeficitswithintactintellectualcapacities

Cintellectualdeficitswithintactspeechcapacities

第7題TheBroca’sandWernicke’sareasareconnectedby

Athearcuatefasciculus

Bthesuperiorlongitudinalfasciculus

Ctheuncinatefasciculus第8題Thedorsallanguagestreamprovidesthebasisfor

Asyntacticprocesses

Bsemanticprocesses

Cprocessesconnectedwithdiscourse

第9題Theventrallanguagestreamprovidesthebasisfor

AsyntacticprocessesBsemanticprocessesCprocessesconnectedwithdiscourse

Checkyourself第1題ClinicalindicationsforintracranialEEG(iEEG)include(checkallthatapply):AEpilepsyBAlzheimer’sdiseaseCBraintumorsDNoclinicalindicationsarenecessaryaslongasthesubjectagreestoparticipateinresearchstudies正確答案：AC第2題AdvantagesofiEEGoverotherneuroimagingmethodsinclude(checkallthatapply):ADirectmeasureofneuronalactivityBHighspatiotemporalresolutionCUninterruptedcoverageoftheentirebrainDHighsignal-to-noiseratio正確答案：BDA第3題Effectsofdirectelectricalstimulationofauditorycortexmayaffectthefollowingfunctions(checkone):ASentencecomprehensionBPhonemeidentificationCAuditorydiscrimination

DNoneoftheaboveEAlloftheabove正確答案：E第4題Advantagesofcorticalcoolingasaresearchmethodincludethefollowing(checkallthatapply):

ANoriskofevokingseizuresBCanbeusedbothinacuteandchronicexperimentsCCanbeusedtoinactivatelargeportionsofthebrainsurface(e.g.anentirehemisphere)DRelativelystraightforwardmechanism(blockingofsynaptictransmission)正確答案：AD第5題Theaveragedauditoryevokedpotential(AEP)iscomputedasfollows(checkone):AByaveragingsingle-channeliEEGsignalsacrossrecordingsites(channels)BByaveragingsingle-trialiEEGsignalsintimedomainC

Byaveragingsingle-trialiEEGsignalsinfrequencydomainDByaveragingsingle-trialiEEGsignalsinbothtimeandfrequencydomain第6題WhichofthefollowingisNOTacanonicalEEGfrequencyband(checkone):AAlphaBBetaCEtaDTheta第7題Ahierarchicalmodelofprimateauditorycortexorganizationincludesthefollowingsubdivisions(checkone):Anucleus,belt,tectumBcore,brim,tectumCcore,belt,parabeltDstriate,extrastriate,metastriate第8題AuditorycorecortexintheposteromedialportionofHeschl’sgyrus(HG)ischaracterizedbythefollowing(checkallthatapply):AShortonsetresponselatenciesBSpectral(tonotopic)organizationCDifferentialresponsestorepetitivestimulithatreflectperceptselicitedbythesestimuli(e.g.flutterorpitch)DStrongmodulationbytaskdemandsESuppressionofresponsestoself-initiatedspeech正確答案：ABC第9題Electroencephalography(EEG)ischaracterizedbythefollowing(checkallthatapply):ARecordingofelectricalfieldsgeneratedbythebrainBElectrodesareplacedonthescalpCRequireshighlysensitivedetectors(superconductivequantuminterferencedevices,SQUIDs)DCandetectactivitygeneratedbyindividualneurons(singleunitresponses)正確答案：AB第10題TheinverseproblemassociatedwithEEGanalysisiscalled“ill-posed”because(checkone):AItcanbesolvedforMEGsignal,butnotforEEGBIthasanunlimitednumberofsolutionsCItisimpossibletomeasureelectricfieldsgeneratedbyneuronalsourcesatthescalp第11題Auditoryevokedpotentials(AEPs)areoftennamedbasedonthefollowingproperties(checkallthatapply):APolarityBLatencyCBraingeneratorDStimuluspropertythatcanelicittheAEPcomponent正確答案：DCBA第12題Dependingonwhetheranevent-relatedpotential(ERP)isphase-lockedtotheevent,thefollowingtypesofERParedistinguished(checkone):APhase-lockedandamplitude-lockedBEvokedandinducedCOvertandcovertTest第1題Electrodesplacedinthebrainsurfaceduringbrainsurgerycanbeusedforthefollowing(checkone):ARecordingofbrainactivityBElectricalstimulationofbraintissueCBoth第2題Intraoperativeresearchstudieshavethefollowinglimitations(checkallthatapply):

ALimitedtimeavailableforresearchBOnceplacedonthebrainsurface,recordingdevicescannotbemovedduringtheexperimentCPresenceofambientnoisethataffectsresearchrecordingsDRecordingscanonlybemadefromthetissuethatwillberesected正確答案：AC第3題Chronicinvasiverecordingsarecharacterizedbythefollowingadvantages(checkallthatapply):AElectrodescanstayinplacepermanently,providinganunlimitedtimeavailableforresearchBElectrodescanberepositionedwithinthebrainfollowingimplantationasneededbytheresearcherCRecordingscanbemadefrommultiplebrainregionsDSubjectscanperformmultipleexperimentaltasks正確答案：CD第4題Chronicinvasiverecordingsarecharacterizedbythefollowingchallengesandlimitations(checkallthatapply):AOnlyonetypeofelectrodearrays(e.g.surfaceordepth)canbeusedinagivensubjectBNeuroimaging(e.g.MRI)afterimplantationiscomplicatedbyartifactsandbraindisplacementCElectrodecoverageislimitedtowhatiswarrantedbyclinicalindicationsDRecordingscannotbeperformedduringinductionofgeneralanesthesia正確答案：BC第5題Trial-basedexperimentalparadigmsarecharacterizedbythefollowing(checkallthatapply):AArebasedonrepeatedpresentationsofauditorystimuliBAllowforthestudyofcorticalspeechprocessingbyaveragingresponsesacrosstrialsCOfferanecologically-relevant,naturalisticmodelofreal-lifespeechandlanguageexperienceDTime-efficient,minimizingthesubject’shabituationandfatigue正確答案：AB第6題Intracranialrecordingsinhumanshavethefollowinglimitations(checkallthatapply):AOnlyavailableinpatientswithbrainpathologyBLimitedagerange(onlyelderlypatientsareeligibleforelectrodeimplantation)CLimitedextentofelectrodecoverageineachsubjectDLimitedtimeavailableforexperimentsineachsubject正確答案：ACD第7題Auditorycortexonlateralsuperiortemporalgyrus(STG)ischaracterizedbythefollowing(checkallthatapply):ASpectralorganizationasrevealedbyresponsestopuretonesBConnectionswithposteromedialHeschl’sgyrusandinferiorfrontalgyrusC

EncodingofphoneticfeaturesofspeechDStrongerresponsestoattendedspeechstreaminamulti-talkerenvironmentESuppressionofresponsestoself-initiatedspeech正確答案：EDCBA第8題CoolingofBroca’sareaischaracterizedbythefollowingeffectsonspeechproduction(checkallthatapply):AEffectonspeechtiming(slowingdown)

BEffectonspeechquality(slurring)CLateralizationofeffect(s)tolefthemisphereDSimultaneoussuppressionofactivityinlaryngealmotorcortex正確答案：AC第9題EEGandMEGhavethefollowingadvantagesoverfunctionalmagneticresonance(fMRI)imaging(checkallthatapply):ABothEEGandMEGaredirectmeasuresofneuronalactivityBBothEEGandMEGofferbetterspatialresolutionCBothEEGandMEGofferbettertemporalresolutionDBothEEGandMEGcanberecordedinsilence正確答案：ACD第10題Functionalconnectivityisdescribedbythefollowing(checkallthatapply):AAnalysiscanonlybedonebasedonEEG,butnotMEGdataBDescribesstatisticalassociationbetweentwosignalsCIsadirectionalconnectivitymeasure(characterizescausalinfluenceofonebrainregiononanother)DCanbequantifiedasthephase-lockingvalue正確答案：DB第11題TheP300ERPcomponentischaracterizedbythefollowing(checkallthatapply):ALatencyofapproximately300msBNegativepolarityCCanbeelicitedintargetdetectiontasksDCanbeabnormalincognitiveorlanguageimpairments正確答案：ACD第12題TheN400ERPcomponentischaracterizedbythefollowing(checkallthatapply):ACanbeelicitedbysyntacticviolationsBCanbeelicitedbyunexpected,yetsemanticallyappropriate,wordsCCanonlybeelicitedbyspokenwordsDIsmoreprominentoverthelefthemisphere正確答案：DBCheckyourself第1題PETandfMRIhelptoperformfunctionalimagingofthebrainbymeasuringApostsynapticpotentialsofneuronsBelectricactivityofneuronsCbloodflowinthebrainDthicknessofwhiteandgreymatter第2題ThePETtechniqueprovidesuswithinformationonchangesinbloodflowinthebrainduetoAx-raysBinfraredradiationCmagneticresonanceDdetectionofpositronemittingradiopharmaceuticals第3題DetectionofBOLDsignalisbasedonAtherelativeproportionofoxygenatedanddeoxygenatedhemoglobinBtherelativeproportionofexcitatoryandinhibitorypostsynapticpotentialsCtherelativeproportionofwatermoleculesandbloodcellsDtherelativeproportionofinhibitoryandexcitatoryneurotransmitters第4題The“multiplecomparisonsproblem”meansthat:Atogetreliableresultswhenstudyingthebrain,onehastocarryoutmanydifferenttestsinordertoperformmultiplecomparisonsofthedata;Bwhenworkingwithmoderndatabasesofbrainimagingresults,analysisof“bigdata”takesalotoftime;Cifmultiplecomparisonsareperformedwhenstudyingdifferenttypesofactivity,itmakesitdifficulttofindgeneralpatternsofchangeinbrainactivation;Difmultiplestatisticaltestsareappliedtoanalyzethesamedata,itincreasestheriskoffalsepositiveresults(i.e.,findingbrainactivationthatdoesnotexistinreality).第5題Analysisofpsychophysiologicalinteractionshelpstoassess:Achangesinlocalbrainactivity;Bhowdifferentregionsofthebraininteractwhensubjectsperformtheactivitythatisbeingstudied;Chowpsychologicalfactorsaffectphysiologicalactivityofthebrain;Dhowphysiologicalfactorsaffectthemechanismsunderlyingpsychologicalprocesses.第6題ThemainfindingofourfMRIstudyofregularandirregularverbproductionwasasfollows:Aregularverbproductionwascharacterizedbyaunidirectionaldecreaseinlocalbrainactivityandinfunctionalinteractionsbetweenbrainregions,ascomparedtoirregularverbproduction;Bregularverbproduction,ascomparedtoirregularverbproduction,wascharacterizedbyanincreaseinlocalbrainactivityandadecreaseinfunctionalinteractions;Cregularandirregularverbproductionwerecharacterizedbythesimilarchangesinlocalbrainactivityandfunctionalinteractions;Dregularverbproduction,ascomparedtoirregularverbproduction,wascharacterizedbyadecreaseinlocalbrainactivityandanincreaseinfunctionalinteractions.第7題AnadditionalfMRIandEPstudyshowedthatthedecreaseinlocalbrainactivityandincreaseindistantfunctionalinteractionsthatwediscoveredwasdueto:Athefactthatregularverbsarelearnedatanearlyageandprocessedmoreeffectively;Bthefactthatlessmistakesaremadewhenproducingregularverbs;Cverbsoftheregularclassbeingmorefrequent;DartifactsinthefMRIimagingTest第1題Chooseonlythecorrectstatementsaboutthesingle-systemanddual-systemapproachestoinflectionalmorphology:(chooseoneormoreanswers)AAccordingtothedual-systemapproach,allverbformsareproducedandprocessedusingtwotypesofrules:defaultandnon-default,while,accordingtothesingle-systemapproach,theverbsarestoredinmentallexiconasindivisibleunits.

BAccordingtothedual-systemapproach,verbformsofoneinflectionalclass(thedefaultclass)areproducedandprocessedaccordingtorules,whileverbsofotherclassarestoredinthementallexiconasindivisibleunits.

CThenotionofdefaultnessexistsinboththesingle-systemanddual-systemapproaches,butitplaysamoreimportantroleinthedual-systemapproach,while,inthesingle-systemapproach,typefrequencyismoreimportant.DAccordingtothesingle-systemapproach,therearenosymbolicrulesinourcognitivesystem.

ETherearesymbolicrulesinboththesingle-systemanddual-systemapproaches,butthesingle-systemapproachsupposesthatthereisasingleruleforallinflectionalclasses.正確答案：ABD第2題Howtheproductivityofaninflectionalclassisdefined?

ATherearemuchmorewordsinaproductiveclassthaninanon-productiveclass.

BProductivitymeansefficiency,thuslessmistakesaremadewhenproducingwordsofproductiveclasses.

CTherearemorenewwordsinaproductiveclassthaninanon-productiveclass.

DAproductiveclassisaclassthat,atthispointinalanguage’shistory,continuestogrowasnewwordsareaddedtoit.第3題Whydidwedecidetotestthepredictionsofthesingle-systemanddual-systemapproachesinaseriesofneurophysiologicalexperimentscarriedoutintheRussianlanguage?(chooseoneormoreanswers)

ABecausethedataacquiredearliercouldbeinterpretedassupportingboththethesingle-systemanddual-systemapproaches.

BBecausetherewerealotofbehavioralexperiments,butnoneurophysiologicalexperimentswereconductedyet.

CBecause,intheRussianlanguage,therearemuchmoreverbsthatarebothfrequentandproductivethanintheEnglishandGermanlanguages,andpreviousstudieswereconductedusingthoseverbs.

DBecausetheRussianlanguagehasrichinflectionalmorphology,whichmakesitpossibletostudycertainfactorsthatcouldn’tbeseparatedinpreviousexperimentsinotherlanguages.

EBecauseitwasimportanttodemonstratethattheseapproaches,whichwerefirstintroducedfortheEnglishlanguage,willnotworkforlanguageswithmorediversemorphology.

正確答案：AD第4題WhichlinguisticparametersdifferentiatetheRussianverbsthatwerechosenforthestudy?

ALengthandfrequency;

BHowlongagotheyappearedintheRussianlanguage;

CClassfrequency,productivityanddefaultness;

DAlltheseparameters.第5題Theageofacquisitionfactorwasfirstdiscoveredusingthefollowinglinguisticmaterial:

AComparisonofindividualwords

BComparisonofwordformsthatdifferedincase,numberorothergrammaticalcategory

CComparisonofdifferentinflectionclassesDComparisonoffirstandsecondlanguagewords

Checkyourself第1題Whatisaphoneme?AalinguisticunitassociatedwithmeaningBalinguisticunitpotentiallyassociatedwithmeaningCalinguisticunitpotentiallyassociatedwithsound第2題TheMentalLexicon

WordsintheMentalLexiconarebelievedtobeorganizedinassociativenetworksbasedon(checkallthatapplies):

AsoundBsyntaxCmeaningDspellingEintonationFform正確答案：FDCA第3題Stagesinauditorywordrecognition

BasedontheCohortModel,auditorywordrecognitioninvolvesthefollowingstages(checkallthatapplies):

AanticipationBunderstandingCactivationDrehearsalEcompetitionFselection正確答案：FEC第4題Nonnative(L2)phonologicalprocessing(dropdown)

HowwouldyoucharacterizeL2phonologicalprocessing(checkallthatapplies)?

AL2speakersexperiencedifficultieswithL2phonologicalcontrastsfromtypologicallydistantlanguagesBL2speakersexperiencedifficultieswithL2phonologicalcontrastsfromtypologicallycloselanguagesCL2speakersexperiencedifficultieswithL2phonologicalcontrastspresentintheirL1DL2speakersexperiencedifficultieswithL2phonologicalcontrastsabsentintheirL1第5題Visualworldeye-tracking(dropdown)

ResolvinglexicalcompetitioninL2:selectthecorrectstatement

AL2speakersareslowertoresolvelexicalcompetitionandrecognizethetargetwordintheinputthanL1speakers.BL2speakersarefastertoresolvelexicalcompetitionandrecognizethetargetwordintheinputthanL1speakers.CL2speakersdonotgetengagedinlexicalcompetitioninL2wordrecognition.DL2speakersdonotresolvelexicalcompetitionevenathighL2proficiencylevels.第6題Morphologicallycomplexwords

Structureofpolymorphemicwords(checkallthatapply)

APolymorphemicwordsconsistoftwoormoreaffixesBPolymorphemicwordsconsistofstemsandinflections.CPolymorphemicwordsconsistoftwostems.DPolymorphemicwordsconsistofstemsandaffixes.EPolymorphemicwordsdonothavestems.FPolymorphemicwordsalwayshaveinflections.正確答案：DCB第7題Processinginflectedwords

Inalexicaldecisiontask,participantsarerequiredtodecide(checkthecorrectanswer):

AWhetherthepresentedwordismonomorphemicorpolymorphemicBWhetherthepresentedwordisspelledcorrectlyCWhetherthepresentedwordispronouncedcorrectlyDWhetherthepresentedstimulusisarealword第8題Processingcase-inflectedRussiannounsbyL1andL2speakers(dropdown)

ThereportedlexicaldecisiontasktestedwhetherL1speakersofRussianincuradditionalprocessingcosts(longerreactiontimes)foronetypeofcase-inflectednounscomparedtoanothertypeofcase-inflectednouns.Theadditionalprocessingcostsweredefinedaslongerreactiontimestooblique-casenouns.Theresultsshowed(checkthecorrectanswer):AL1speakerswerefastanddidnotshowanydifferenceintheprocessingcostsfordifferentcases.BL1speakersshowedadditionalprocessingcostsforoblique-caseinflectednouns.CL1speakersshowedadditionalprocessingcostsforcitation-forminflectednouns.第9題ThesamestudytestedL2learnersatdifferentproficiencylevels.Thestudydemonstratedthat(checkallthatapply):ATherewasadevelopmentaltrajectoryinL2learners.BL2learnerswereslowerthanL1speakers.CL2learnersshowedtheoppositepatternoftheprocessingcostscomparedtoL1speakers.DNoneoftheL2proficiency-basedgroupsshowedthepatternofreactiontimessimilartotheoneobservedinL1speakers.EL2learnersatthehighestproficiencylevelshowedadditionalprocessingcostsforoblique-casenouns.FL2learnersatthehighestproficiencylevelshowedadditionalprocessingcostsforcitation-formnouns.正確答案：EBA第10題Additionalprocessingcostsfornounsinflectedinonecasecomparedtoanothercasehavebeeninterpretedasevidenceof(checkthecorrectanswer):ASlowerL2processingofmorphologicallycomplexwords.BFasterL1processingofmorphologicallycomplexwords.CMorphologicaldecompositionandprocessingofcaseinflections.Test第1題Neurolinguisticdatasuggeststhatthechildrenarecapableofdifferentiatingspeechsoundsfromnon-speechsoundsArightafterbirth

Bfrom6monthofage

Cfrom12monthofage第2題Thepeakinthegrowthofbrainstructuresassociatedwithspeechdevelopmentoccurs

Aattheageof6monthBattheageof12month

Cat2yearsofage

第3題Whichofthefollowingbrainareasareactivatedwhenthechildislisteningtospeechinthenativelanguage?

AOnlytheWernicke’sarea

BOnlytheBroca’sarea

CBoththeWernicke’sandtheBroca’sareas,dependingonthechild’sage第4題Whichofthefollowingbrainareasaremoreactiveinbilinguals,thaninmonolinguals?

Aparietallobes

Bparietalandtemporallobes

Coccipitallobes

第5題Whichofthefollowingbrainareasprovidesthebasisforthebilinguals’abilitytoswitchbetweenlanguages?

Athecaudatenucleus

Btheamygdala

CthecerebellumCheckyourself第1題NeurolinguisticsinRussiawasfoundedby

ANickolaiZhinkin

BPiotrAnokhin

CAlexanderLuria

第2題ChoosetwoINCORRECTstatements:

ATheinnerspeechusesaspecialnonverbalcode(Zhinkincalledit“theobjective-representativecode”).Wordsarestoredaswholeunits,andwhenwespeak,theyareretrievedfrommemoryandconnectedwithotherwordsaccordingtocertainrules.BHighermentalfunctionsarecomplexpsychologicalprocessesformedthroughoutourwholelife.Theyaresocialintheirorigin,mediatedintheirpsychologicalstructureandareperformedvoluntarily.CSpeechisacomplexfunctionalsystem,oneofthehumanhighermentalfunctions.Justlikeallotherhighermentalfunctions,itcanbelocatedinsmallareasofthecortexorinisolatedcollectionsofcells.DNickolaiBernstein'sworks,especiallyhisprincipleof“dualactions”and“motorcontrol”helpedneurolinguiststodifferentiatetwoformsofaphasia:efferentaphasiaandafferentaphasia.

正確答案：AC第3題Inaphasia,thelesioningareaislocated

Ainthetertiarycortexareasthatareconcernedwiththeuseoflanguagetools

Bindifferentpartsofthesecondarycortexthatareconcernedwithvarioustypesofgnosisandpraxis

Cintertiarycortexareasinfrontalformsofaphasia,andinsecondarycortexareasinposteriorformsofaphasia

第4題Choosethecorrectstatement

ASemanticaphasiaisassociatedwithimpairedparadigmaticmechanisms.BAmnesticaphasiaisassociatedwithimpairedsyntagmaticmechanisms

CDynamicaphasiaisassociatedwiththeimpairmentofbothparadigmaticandsyntagmaticmechanisms.Test第1題Whichofthefollowingfunctionsareimpairedinefferentmotoraphasia?Aplanningoftheutterance

Bthekineticmelodicsofspeech,thegrammaticalstructureofthesentence

Cunderstandinglogicalandgrammaticalrelationships

第2題Trueorfalse?“AccordingtoJakobson'slinguisticclassification,therearetwomaintypesofrelationshipsinthelanguage:theinternalrelationshipsofsimilarity(thecapacityforselection)andtheexternalrelationshipsofadjacency(thecapacityforcombination).Speechencodingisimpairedinfrontaltypesofaphasia,whiledecodingisimpairedinposteriortypesofaphasia.”

ATRUE

BFALSE

第3題RomanJakobson’shypothesisisbasedontheideathat:

AInaphasia,speechdeteriorationmirrorsspeechacquisition.

BOntogenyisaconciserepetitionofphylogeny.

CSpeechdevelopmentinontogenyisdifferentfromspeechdevelopmentinanthropogenesis.

第4題T.Akhutinaproposedafour-levelmodelofutteranceproduction.Whichoftheselevelsarewordmeaningselectedon?

Ainternalprogrammingofmeaning

Bbuildingthesemanticstructureofthesentence

Cbuildingthelexico-grammaticalstructureofthesentence

Dmotorprogramming

第5題AccordingtoBalonovandDeglin’smodel,whichwasbasedonthestudyoffunctionalbrainasymmetry,thedeepestlevelofspeechproductionislocated

Ainthefrontalregionsofthelefthemisphere

Bintheposteriorregionsofthelefthemisphere

Cintherighthemisphere

Checkyourself第1題Whatmethodforinvestigationbrainactivationinrelationtoauditoryverbalhallucinationsisdescribedinthelecture?

AfMRIBPETCCT第2題Whatismeantwiththeexpression"theparadoxicalfinding"?

AThesamebrainareacanbebothincreasedanddecreasedBThesamebrainareacanbebothhyper-andhypo-excited

CThesamebrainareacanbebothgeneratedandde-generated

第3題WhatdoesonedowhenundertakingtranscranialDCstimulation?AelectricallystimulatethefingersBelectricallystimulatetheneck

Celectricallystimulatethebrain第4題Howisthecognitivedomaininauditoryverbalhallucinationsstudied?

AWithIQtestBWithmemorytestCWithdichoticlisteningtest第5題Whatistherelationshipbetweentheright-earadvantage(REA)andauditoryverbalhallucinations?

AIncreaseinREAwithincreasingfrequencyofhallucinationsBDecreasingREAwithincreasingfrequencyofhallucinations

CNorelationbetweenREAandfrequencyofhallucinations第6題Howistheemotionalcontentrelatedtofrequencyofauditoryverbalhallucinations?AThemorefrequentthehallucinations,themoreemotionallynegativetheygetBThemorefrequentthehallucinations,thelessemotionallynegativetheygetCThemorefrequentthehallucinations,themoreemotionallypositivetheyget第7題Whatcharacterizestheright-earadvantage(REA)indichoticlistening?

AItisabottom-up,response-driveneffectBItisabottom-up,stimulus-driveneffect

CItisabottom-up,memory-driveneffect第8題NameanimagingmethodthathasbeenusedtospatiallylocalizetheneuralbasisfortheREAAComputer-assistedroentgen

BFibertractographyanddiffusiontensorimaging(DTI)

CMagneticresonancespectroscopy

第9題Whereisthelargestfunctionalasymmetryforspeechperceptionseeninthebrain,usingfMRI?AInthefrontallobe

BIntheparietallobeCInthetemporallobe第10題Whatismeantbythe"forced-attentionparadigm"?AThatattentionisfocusedonbothearstimuliallthetimeBThatattentionisnotfocusedallthetimeCThatattentionisfocusedoneithertherightorleft-earsyllablestimulus

第11題Whichofthefollowclinicalgroupsfailintheforced-left(FL)condition?

ADyslexia

BAutismCAnxiety第12題Theforced-right(FR)effectinthe"forced-attention"dichoticlisteningparadigmreflectsAAperceptualeffectBAnattentionaleffectCAnexecutivecontroleffectTest第1題Whichofthethreeexamplesbelowisa"levelofexplanation"?

A

MotorBCognitive

CStimulus第2題Whatisthepercentageofschizophreniapatientsexperiencingauditoryverbalhallucinations(AVH)?

A80-90B40-50C70-80第3題Areauditoryverbalhallucinationsprimarilyrelatedtoneuronalactivationinthe:Ap