EUROPEANSTANDARDNORMEEUROPéENNEEUROP?ISCHENORMICS35.020;35.160;35.110-Part4-7:CoolingEffiTechnologiede'information-Installationetinfrastructuresdecentresdetraitementdedonnées-Partie4-7:Tauxd'efficacitéderefroidissementInformationstechnik-EinrichtungenundInfrastrukturenvonRechenzentren-Teil4-7:WirkungsgradderKühlung(CER)ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENELECon2020-02-10.CENELECmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentreortoanyCENELECmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENELECmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENELECmembersarethenationalelectrotechnicalcommitteesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,theCzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,lceland,lreland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,theNetherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TurkeyandtheUnitedKingdom.EuropeanCommitteeComitéEuropeendeNormalisationElectEurop?ischesKomiteefürElektrotechnischCEN-CENELECManagementCentre:RuedelaScience23,B-1040Brussels◎2020CENELECllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedworldwideforCENELECMembers.Ref.No.EN50600-4-7:2020E2EN50600-4-7:2020(E) 3 41Scope 72Normativerefe 73Terms,definitionsandabbreviation 73.1Termsanddefinition 73.2Abbreviations 73.3Symbols 84Applicableareaofthedatacentre 8 85.2Determiningtotalenergyuseinmulti-purposebuildingsusingCER 9 6.1General 106.2Requirements 6.3Recommendations 10 107.1General 107.2Requirements 7.3Recommendations AnnexA(informative)CorrelationofCERandotherKPlI AnnexC(informative)ParametersinfluencingCER AnnexD(normative)DerivativesofCER 15 Figures 5Figure2—Heatloadsinmultipurposebuildingsandenergy 9 Tables EN50600-4-7:2020(E)3EuropeanforewordThisdocument(EN50600-4-7:2020)hasbeenpreparedbyCLC/TC215“Electrotechnicalaspectsoftelecommunicationequipment”.Thefollowingdatesarefixed:··latestdatebywhichthisdocumenthas(dop)tobeimplementedatnationalevelbypublicationofanidenticalnationalstandardorbyendorsementlatestdatebywhichthenational(dow)standardsconflictingwiththisdocumenthavetobewithdrawn2021-02-102023-02-10Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CENELECshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENELECbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation.4andsupportingtheinformatiocustomerpremises)andbyenterprisesaccommodatetherapidlychangingrequicentreshasbecomecriticalbotrespecttoeconomicconsiderationsa)purpose(enterprise,co-location,co-hosd)accommodation(mobile,temporaryandpermanentconstructionsfbuildingconstruction,powerdistribution,environmentalcontiesinvolvedinthedesignffacilitiesandinfrastructureswithindatacen1)owners,facility3)facilityandinfrastructureintegrators,suppliersofeqAtthetimeofpublicationofthis一EN50600-2-1,Informat-2-2,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitr一EN50600-2-3,一EN50600-2-4,50600-2-5,InformayEN50600-4-7:2020(E)5一EN50600-3-1,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part3-1:Managementandoperationalinformation;一EN50600-4-1,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part4-1:Overviewofandgeneralrequirementsforkeyperformanceindicators;一EN50600-4-2,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part4-2:PowerUsageEffectiveness;一EN50600-4-3,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part4-3:RenewableEnergyFactor,一FprEN50600-4-6,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part4-6:EnergyReuseFactor一FprEN50600-4-7,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part4-7:CoolingEfficiencyRatio;-CLC/TR50600-99-1,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part99-1:Recommendedpracticesforenergymanagement;-CLC/TR50600-99-2,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part99-2:Recommendedpracticesforenvironmentalsustainability;-CLC/TR50600-99-3,Informationtechnology—Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures—Part99-3:GuidancetotheapplicationofEN50600seriesTheinter-relationshipofthestandardswithintheEN50600seriesisshowninFigure1.ENEN50600-1GeneralconceptsEN50600-3-xResourcemanagementOperationCLC/TR50600-99-xSupportinginformationandTechnicalReportsRecommendedpracticesforenergymanagementRecommendedpracticesforenvironmentalsustainabilityGuidancefortheapplicationofEN50600seriesEN50600-2-xDesignKeyPerformanceIndicatorsEN50600-4-xFigure1—SchematicrelationshipbetweentheEN50600seriesofdocumentsEN50600-2-Xstandardsspecifyrequirementsandrecommendationsforparticularfacilitiesandenablement"selectedfromEN50600-1.6consequenceandthatNOTEWithintheEN50600-4-Xseries,theterm“resourceusageeffectiveness”ismoregenerallyusedforKPlsinpreferenceto"resourceusageefficiency",whichisrestrictedtosituationswheretheinputandoutputparametersusedtodefinetheKPIhavethesameunits.ThesestandardsareintendEN50600-4-7:2020(E)7ThisdocumentspecifiestheCoolingEfficiencyRatio(CER)asaKeyPerformanceIndicator(KPI)toquantifytheefficientuseofenergytocontrolthetemperatureofthespaceswithinthedatacentre.Thisdocument:a)definestheCoolingEfficiencyRatio(CER)ofadatacentre;b)describestherelationshipofthisKPItoadatacentre'sinfrastructure,informationtechnologyequipmentandinformationtechnologyoperations;c)definesthemeasurement,thecalculationandthereportingoftheparameter;d)providesinformationonthecorrectinterpretationoftheCER.AnnexAdescribesthecorrelationofCERandotherKPls.AnnexBprovidesexamplesoftheapplicationofCER.AnnexCintroducestheparametersthataffectCER.AnnexDdescribesrequirementsandrecommendationsforderivativesofKPlsassociatedwithCER.2NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.EN50600-1,Informationtechnology-Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures-Part1:GeneralconceptsEN50600-4-1,Informationtechnology-Datacentrefacilitiesandinfrastructures-Part4-1:Overviewofandgeneralrequirementsforkeyperformanceindicators3.1TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsqiveninEN50600-1andthefollowingapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:一IECElectropedia:availableat/一ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableat/obp3.1.1CoolingEfficiencyRatioratiooftotalheatremovedandelectricalenergyusedbyacoolingsystem3.1.2CoolingPerformanceRatioratioofactualheatloadandelectricalpowerusedbyacoolingsystem3.2AbbreviationsForthepurposesofthisdocument,theabbreviationsgiveninEN50600-1,EN50600-4-1andthefollowingapply.CEFCoolingEfficiencyFactorCERCoolingEfficiencyRatio8EN50600-4-7:2020(E)CPRCoolingPerformanceRatioHVACHeating,Ventilation,AirConditioningiCERinterimCoolingEfficiencyRatioKPIKeyPerformanceIndicatorPUEPowerUsageEffectivenesspCEFpartialCoolingEfficiencyFactorpPUEpartialPowerUsageEffectivenesspPUEHVACpartialPowerUsageEffectivenessforheating,ventilationandairconditioningsystems3.3SymbolsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingsymbolsapply.ECoolingElectricalEnergyusedbycoolingsystemsECoolDCPartofEcoolingthatisaccountedtothedatacentreElectricalEnergytransferredtoheatEHVAC,DCElectricalEnergyusedbyairconditioningsystemsEITElectricalEnergyusedbyITequipmentEUPSlossElectricalEnergylossinUPSTotalenergyusedbythedatacentrecalculatedfromCERQactualheatloadfromdatacentreQremovedheatquantityremovedbythecoolingsystemPCoolingactualelectricalpowerofthecoolingsystems4ApplicableareaofthedatacentreCoolingEfficiencyRatio(CER)asspecifiedinthisdocument:a)isassociatedwiththedatacentreinfrastructurewithinitsboundariesonly;b)describestheefficiencyofacoolingsystemwithrespecttoitselectricalenergyuse.DerivativesofCERwhichareusefulincertaincircumstancesaredescribedinAnnexD(CoolingPerformanceRatio(CPR),interimCER(iCER)).5DeterminationofCoolingEfficiencyRatio5.1DefinitionofCERTheCoolingEfficiencyRatio(CER)isdefinedasfollows:WhereQremoved=totalheatremovedfromdatacentreinkWh9EN50600-4-7:2020(E)Ecoolingenergyconsumption(annual)ofthecoolingsystemsinkWhBothQremovedandEcoolingshallbemeasuredinkWhandforthesameperiodT.NOTEInEN50600-3-1:2016,Formula(1)isdesignatedasEER.Thiswillbecorrectedwiththerevisionof5.2Determiningtotalenergyuseinmulti-purposebuildingsusingCERCalculationofPUEfordatacentreslocatedinmulti-purposecanbeachallenge,whenpartsoftheinfrastructurearesharedbetweenthedatacentreande.g.theofficebuilding.Separatingelectricalenergyusecanbeeasilyarrangedwithsub-metersinthepowertrail.WhentheofficesareequippedwithUPSsecuredsockets,UPSlossesneedtobesplitupforofficesanddatacentre.ThiscanbeaccomplishedbydeterminationoftheUPSlosswithameterbeforetheUPSandmetersoneverylinebehindtheUPS.Foralargedatacentreinasmallofficebuildingthelossattributedtotheofficesmayevenbeignored.ThemajorchallengeistoaccountfortheelectricalenergyforcoolingwhenthecoolinginfrastructureissharedbetweendatacentreandofficesasshownschematicallyinFigure2.Inmostcases,thepipingsystemisnotseparatedbetweendatacentreandoffices.Therefore,theheatloadsofdatacentreandofficescannotbeseparatedandmeasured.Inaddition,theheatloadinofficesstronglydependsontheweatherconditionsandthusismuchmorevariablethantheheatloadofthedatacentre.Figure2—HeatloadsinmultipurposebuildingsandenergyusedforcoolingThecalculationoftheheatloadofthedatacentreisbasedontheassumptionthatallelectricalenergyusedinthedatacentreistransferredtoheat:ITenergy,UPSlosses,andelectricalenergyforHVAC.Eheat=EIT+EUPSloss+EHVAC,DC(2)ProvidedthattheCERofthecoolinginfrastructureisknown,i.e.thetotalheatremovedandtheelectricalenergyusedbythecoolinginfrastructureismeasured,theelectricalenergyusedtoremoveheatcanbecalculatedasfollows:Tocalculatetheelectricalenergyusedforcoolingofthedatacentre,theheatremovedintheformulaaboveneedstobereplacedbyEheat·EN50600-4-7:2020(E)Thetotalenergyusageofthedatacentreisthesumofallparts:BasedonthiscalculationitispossibletodeterminethePUEofadatacentreinamulti-purposebuilding,becauseITenergyuseisknownandtotalenergyusecanbecalculated.Pre-requisitesarethemeasurementoftheenergyuseofthesub-systemsHVAC,UPSandcoolingandthetotalheatremovedbythecoolinginfrastructure.Uncertaintiesinthecalculationresultfromheatlossesofthedatacentrepartintothebuildinganddisregardedheatintaketothecomputerroom,e.g.throughwindows.Botheffectscanbeconsideredneglectableformostofthemulti-purposebuildings.6.1GeneralThecalculationofCERrequirestherecordinganddocumentingoftotalheatremovedandelectricalenergyusedforcoolingoveracoincidentperiodof12months.Thisdocumentdoesnotspecifythefrequencyofmeasurementsoftotalheatremovedandelectricalenergyusedforcooling,sinceCERiscalculatedonanannualtimeframe.However,thefrequencyofmeasurementemployedwilldefinethetimingofsubsequentCERcalculationsonarollingannualbasis.6.2RequirementsThemeasurementofCERrequiresthemeasurementofthetotalheatremovedandtheelectricalenergyusedinthesameperiod.Inordertomeasuretheheatremoved,thevolumeofthecoolantanditsheatcapacityshallbemeasured.Incaseslikedirectfreecooling,everyparameterinfluencingtheheatcapacity(likehumidity)shallbemeasuredforanacceptableaccuracyofthecalculationoftheheatremoved.Incaseofredundantpipes,everypipeshallbemeasured.Fortheelectricalenergyuseallcomponentsofthecoolinginfrastructure,likepumps,valvesetc.,shallbemeasuredandincludedintheenergyused.ElectricalmeteringshallbebasedonkWh,notonpowerinkW.6.3RecommendationsDatacentresshouldimplementmeterswithremotereadinganddatahistorystoragecapabilities.7ReportingofCER7.1GeneralInorderforareportedCER(orCPR,seeD.2)tobemeaningful,thereportingorganizationshallprovidethefollowinginformation:a)thedatacentre(includingtheboundariesofthestructure)underinspection;b)theCERvalue(orCPRvalue,seeD.2);c)theterminationdateoftheperiodofmeasurement;7.2RequirementsIngeneral,theCERshallbereportedtoonedecimalplace.However,dependingontheaccuracyofbothmeasurements,theheatremovedandtheelectricalusage,morethanonedecimalplacemaybereported.ReportingofCERforexternalcommunicationshallbeaccompaniedbyadditionalcoolingconditions,likeusageofdirectfreecoolingorwater.AsfarasKPlexistfortheseconditions,theyshouldbedeterminedandreportedtogetherwiththeCER.EN50600-4-7:2020(E)AnnexA(informative)CorrelationofCERandotherKPlsCoolingisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofenergyuseinadatacentre,andonewiththelargestpotentialforoptimizationofenergyefficiency.ThepartialPUE(pPUE)ofthecoolinginfrastructureprovidesinsightintothatpotentialincomparisontotheotherpartsoftheinfrastructure,butitislesshelpfulinenergymanagementtoverifytheeffectofimprovementsofthecoolinginfrastructure,asthevalueofapPUEingeneralisbetween1andthePUEofthedatacentre:1<pPUE<PUE(A.1)SeeEN50600-4-2forthedefinitionandfurtherinformationontheusageofPUEandpPUE.MeasuringtheheatremoveddividedbytheelectricalenergyusedbythecoolinginfrastructureprovidesamuchmoresenstiveKPI.Therearealreadymultipletermsdefinedforperformanceratingofheatpumpsandcoolingequipment,e.g.inANSI/AHRIStandard210/240-2008,seeTableA.1:TableA.1—TermsofefficiencyforcoolingmachinesTheCoefficientofPerformance(COP)isavaluebasedonactualheatloadandelectricalpower.Itdescribestheperformanceundercontrolled,optimalconditions,thusgivingamaximumvalueforperformance,notarealisticoneforoperationinarealdatacentre.Furthermore,itisdefinedforheatpumps,notforcoolinginfrastructure.AccordingtoANSI/AHRIStandard210/240-2008theEERis“AratioofthecoolingcapacityinBtu/htothepowerinputvalueinwattsatanygivensetofRatingConditionsexpressedinBtu/(Wh)".Italsodescribestheperformanceundercontrolledconditions,butitalreadyacknowledgestheinfluenceofpartloadoperationofacoolinginfrastructure.AccordingtoANSI/AHRIStandard210/240-2008theSEERis"Thetotalheatremovedfromtheconditionedspaceduringtheannualcoolingseason,expressedinBtu's,dividedbythetotalelectricalenergyconsumedbytheairconditionerorheatpumpduringthesameseason,expressedinwatt-hours”.Itdescribestheperformanceofacoolinginfrastructureunderrealconditionsbasedonaperiodofafullyear.ItthereforeaccountsforthedependencyoftheEERonclimateconditions,or-tobemoreprecise-ontheoutsideairtemperature.AnnexB(normative)ExamplesofusageofCEREheat=EIT+EUPSloss+EHVAC,DCFprEN50600-4-6).EN50600-4-7:2020(E)AnnexC(informative)ParametersinfluencingCERAirhandlingunits,iftechnicallycapable,canbeconfiguredregardingtwoimportantparameters:a)fanspeed,definingtheamountofaircirculatedinthecomputerroom;b)lowertemperatureofthecoolant,definingthecoolingpower.WhilethefirstonehasmajorimpactonthepPUEHVAC,thelatteronehasimpactonCER.Thehigherthelowertemperaturefortheairhandlingunits,theloweristheircoolingpower,butforpartloadoperationalowercoolingpowercanbesufficient.Risingthelowertemperatureisbeneficialforsystemsusingfreecooling,astheperiodofsufficientdifferenceofoutsideairtemperaturetolowertemperaturecanbeextended.UsingfreecoolingoveralongerperiodthroughouttheyearleadstoahigherCERforafullyear.Therefore,adjustinglowertemperatureforcoolantinairhandlingunitsinfluencesCER.Insidethecoolinginfrastructure,asetofpumpsensurestheflowofcoolantthroughthepipestotheairhandlingunits.Areductionofthevolumeofcoolantdowntothedemandofcoolingavoidsunnecessarypumping.ThisdirectlyimprovesthevalueofCERaslesselectricalenergyisusedbythecoolinginfrastructure,servingthesameITloadandthusheatload.EN50600-4-7:2020(E)AnnexD(normative)DerivativesofCERThedefinitionofCERclearlyindicatesthatitisanannualfigureandrequirescontinuousmeasurementofITenergyandtotalheatremovedfromdatacentreforatleastoneyear.ReportingrequiresaccompanyingeveryCERvaluewithitscategoryandtheperiodofmeasurement(see6.2).Forenergymanagementpurposes,itcanbeusefultomeasureandreportperiodssmallerthanafullyear.Thesevaluesshallbedesignatedas“interimCER”(iCER).Theyshallalsobeaccompaniedbytheperiodofmeasurement,andtheothercontextandreportinginformationrequiredforannualizedCER.D.2DeterminationofCoolingPerformanceRatioD.2.1CalculationofCPRForsmallperiodsiCERevolvesintothedirectionofaCOPforcoolinginfrastructure,butunderconditionsofrealoperationsasaparameterdependentontheloadandtheoutsideairtemperature.TheCoolingPerformanceRatio(CPR)isdefinedasfollows:WhereQ=ActualheatloadfromdatacentreinkWPcooling=ActualelectricalpowerofthecoolingsystemsinkWBothnominatoranddenominatorshallbemeasuredinkWandatthesametimeT.D.2.2MeasurementofCPRD.2.2.1RequirementsDeterminingCPRrequiresdeterminationofheatloadandpowerusageonasmalltimeframe.ThesizeofthistimeframedependsontheintendeduseofCPR,e.g.intheprocessofCapacityManagement,andthetechnicalcapabilitiesofthemetersandthemonitoringinfrastructure.ForanacceptableaccuracyoftheCPR,itisnecessarytoensureaprecisealignmentofthemeasurementperiodofbothfactorsoftheCPR,i.e.theheatremovedandtheelectricalusage.D.2.2.2RecommendationsDatacentresshouldimplementautomationofmeterreadinganddataprocessinginordertocopewiththeexpectedamountofdata.D.2.3ReportingofCPRD.2.3.1RequirementsReportingofCPRrequiresthepointintimeofdetermination,e.g.“onJuly15that13:30hCPRwas2,3”or"onJanuary12th,at5:15hCPRwas12,7".Ingeneral,theCPRshallbereportedtoonedecimalplace.However,dependingontheaccuracyofthemeasurementofCPR,morethanonedecimalplacemaybereported,butnotmoredecimalplacesthanreportedforCER.EN50600-4-7:2020(E)AsthereisastrongdependencyoftheCPRfromoutsideairtemperatureandotherconditionslikehumidityformostenergyefficientcoolingsystems,reportingofCPRshallcontaintheseconditions.D.2.3.2RecommendationsForusageinCapacityManagement,CPRshouldbeplottedagainstoutsideairtemperatureandhumidity,ifapplicable.TheminimumofCPRisusuallyabetterindicationforthemaximumpowerrequirementofthecoolinginfrastructurethanthedatagivenonthenameplatesofallcomponents.D.2.4UsingCPRinCapacityManagementDeterminingtheutilizationofmainpowersupplyandgeneratorsrequiresknowledgeofmaximumpowerdemandofallnfrastructuresub-systems.WhilepeakloadofUPSsystemscanbemonitoredandrelatedtoITload,maximumloadofthecoolinginfrastructuredependsonITloadandoutsideairtemperature.Machinecharacteristicsprovidedbyvendorscandeviatefrompowerdemandinarealdatacentre.Therefore,ametricisrequiredtodeterminepowerdemandofacoolinginfrastructureunderindividual,realoperatingconditions.ThismetriccanbeprovidedbyCPR.AccordingtoD.2.3.2,aplotofCPRagainstoutsideairtemperatureandhumidity-ifapplicable-leadstoabetterunderstandingoftherealpowerdemandofacoolinginfrastructure.TypicalvaluesofCPRforcompressorbasedcoolingsystemsareintherangeof2to3.Atmoderateoutsideairtemperatureoptimizedsystemscanachievevalueswellabove3,asdoallfreecoolingsystems.AthigheroutsideairtemperaturesthevaluesofCPRcanfallbelow2andforlowpartloadsevenbelow1,i.e.thecoolinginfrastructurerequiresmoreelectricalenergythentheamountofheatitremoves.Althoughthisshouldnotoccurathigherloadsanddoesnotputthetotalcapacityofadatacentreatrisk,CPRshouldbemonitoredatdifferentITloadstoverifythedevelopmentofCPRtohigher