第1題Whatisthebasisfordata-drivendecision-making(DDD)?ASettingofdataBTheanalysisofdataCIntuitionDDataengineeringandprocessing第2題WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofDDD?AGreatertransparencyandaccountabilityBIthelpstogetfeedbackCFraudDetectionandPreventionDorganizationshaveconsistencyovertime第3題Howmanystepscandata-drivendecisionmakingbedividedintoinpractice?A5B6C7D8第4題Whatistheultimategoalofdataanalysis?AFindinginsightsandcommunicatingtheminauseful,engagingwayBDiscoverandcorrectdatafilesCAssistedDecisionMakingDDiscoverthechangingtrends第5題Whichofthefollowingareasareincludedindatascience?ADatacleaningBDatapreparationCDataanalysisDDatacreation正確答案：ABC第6題Whichofthefollowinggroupsaredatascienceproducts?ARawdataBAlgorithmsCDecisionsupportDAutomaticdecision-making正確答案：ABCD第7題datascienceisdealingwithunstructuredandstructureddata.第8題Inthenarrowsense,adatascienceproductisaproductfacilitatedwithaparticulardatasciencetechnique.第1題Thereisadatasetconsistingofthefulltextofseveralpapers.Fromthepointofviewofdatastructure,whatdatatypemightitnotbe?AstructureddataBsemi-structureddataCunstructureddataDtextdata第2題WhichofthefollowingtypesofdatadoDatebelongto?AContinuousdataBDiscretedataCCategoricaldataDOrdereddata第3題WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofRectangularDataisincorrect?APythonandRcanhousesuchdatain“dataframes.”BAsingletableinarelationaldatabasewouldbeanexampleofrectangulardataCTextdataisnotnormallyconvertedtothistypeDItiseasiertoanalyzethanothertypesofdata第4題WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofExploratorydataanalysis(EDA)isincorrect?AoftenemployingdatavisualizationmethodsBprimarilyusedtoseewhatdatacanrevealbeyondtheformalmodelingorhypothesistestingtaskCdevelopedbyAmericanmathematicianJohnTukeyDcontinuetobeawidelyusedmethodinthedatacollectionprocesstoday第5題UsinglongdataorwidedataformattostoreGDPdataof12countriesfrom2000to2005,itsdimensionmaybeA12*6B12*6*2C72*2D72*3正確答案：AD第6題IndefaultRboxplot,itextendsthewhiskerstothefurthestpointbeyondthebox,exceptthatitwillbethe_______________timesoftheIQRA95%B100%C175%D200%正確答案：CD第7題Inadensityplot,whichshowsthedistributionofdatavaluesasacontinuousline.第8題Thestandardwaytovisualizetherelationshipbetweentwonumericalvariablesiswithascatterplot.Section3Test第1題WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofRisincorrect?AalanguageandenvironmentdesignedforstatisticalcomputingandgraphicsBanintegratedsuiteofsoftwarefacilitiesfordatamanipulation,calculation,andgraphicaldisplayCopen-sourcedDincludesintegrateddevelopmentenvironments第2題Whichofthefollowingcode

willbeErrorinR?Alibrary(dplyr)Blibrary(“dplyr”)Clibrary(dplyr);Dlibrary(dplyr;)第3題ThefollowingoptionsthatcanbeusedasvariablenamesinRisAa.B_matB'A0529.csv'C`wow`DNULL第4題Whichofthefollowingcode

cannotgettheoutput“[1]6”inRconsoleA1+eger('5')B1+eger('6-1')Ceger(31/5)Das.numeric(30/5)第5題forthecode“data=data.frame(a=1:3,b=4:6,c=10:12,d=5)”,whichofthefollowingcanselectcolumnsnamed“b”and“c”indata.Adata[,c(2,3)]Bdata[,-c(1,4)]Cselect(data,b,c)Ddata[,c(b,c)]正確答案：ABC第6題Whichofthefollowingfunctionnamescorrespondscorrectlytofunctioncapabilitiesindplyrpackage?Amutate():addnewcolumnsthatarefunctionsofexistingcolumnsBfilter():functionallowsustoselectasubsetofrowsinadataframeCarrange():reordersdatainsteadoffilteringorselectingrowsDsummarise():performdescriptivestatisticsonthedata正確答案：ABC第7題Whenprogramming,wealwaysmeetwithsomeissues.It’sagoodideaforustosolvetheissuesbyaskingothersforhelp.第8題Intidyr,thegather()functionandspread()functionmaketheoppositeeffectSection4Test第1題Whichchartis

usedtocomparetwoormorevalueswithonlyonevariableandareusuallyusedfortheanalysisofsmallerdatasets?ABarchartBlinechartCbubbleplotDpiechart第2題Whichchartcanshowtherelationshipbetweenincome,lifeexpectancy,andpopulationnumberofresidentsondifferentcontinents?ABarchartBlinechartCbubbleplotDpiechart第3題ggplot2allowsuserstobuildaplotlayer-by-layerbyspecifying.Whichonereferstothegraphicalprimitivetodrawonthefigureaccordingtothemapping?AMappingBGeomCStatDPosition第4題Whichisthedatatypethatggplpt2canaccept?ADataframeobjectBMatricesCListsDArray第5題Wheredoesdatavisualizationplayanimportantrole?ADatavisualizationallowsustousesomegraphicstoreflectthosecomplexinformation.Decision-makerscaneasilyinterpretthemeaningbehindthedata.BDatavisualizationhelpsorganizerstoquicklyseetrendsandoutliersthroughmulti-dimensionaldisplayandpermutationandcombination.CDatavisualizationenablesdecision-makerstotracethecausefromtheresultsbetter.Thespecificcaseisthatdatavisualizationallowsuserstotracktheconnectionbetweenoperationsandoverallbusinessperformance.DThroughthecombinationoftheabovethreepoints,datavisualizationwillhelptheorganizermakedecisions.正確答案：DCBA第6題WhatarethemainadvantagesofRggplot2graphicsgrammar?ATheuseoflayerdesignisconducivetostructuredthinkingtorealizedatavisualization.BSeparatingthegraphicdetails'characterizationdatacanquicklyexpressthegraphics,makingcreativedrawingeasiertoachieve.CTheexpansionpackageisupdatedquicklyDThegraphicsarebeautiful.Theextensionpackageisrich.正確答案：ABD第7題Apiechartisacircularstatisticalchartdividedintoseveralsectorstodescribetherelativerelationshipbetweenvolume,frequency,orpercentage.第8題ggplot2isanRpackagefromthetidyversepackage.Section5Test第1題OrdinalLeastSquareMethodisamathematicalmethodusedtofindthebestfitlinethatrepresentstherelationshipbetweenanindependentanddependentvariableinsuchawaythattheerroris（）AminimizedBnullCmaximizedDneglected第2題Whenwefitalinetothedataandfindtheequationoftheline,wehavethreevariablesintotal,onedependentandtwoindependent.

Therefore,theplotis().Aone-dimensionalBtwo-dimensional

Cthree-dimensionalDfour-dimensional第3題Ay1-a1x1By1-a0Cy1-a0-a1Dy1-a0-a1x1第4題Which

of

the

followingsignificancelevelsisnotoftenchosenbyresearchers?()A

0.01B

0.05C

0.10D

0.50第5題Whataretheapplicationscenarioofregression?()ATheregressionmightbeusedtoidentifythestrengthoftheeffectthattheindependentvariable(s)haveonadependentvariable.BTheregressioncanbeusedtoforecasteffectsorimpactofchanges.CTheregressioncanpredicttrendsandfuturevalues.DTheregressionaimsatfindinganumericalvaluethatexpressestherelationshipbetweenvariables.正確答案：ABC第6題What

are

the

advantagesof

linearregression？()AItissimpletoimplementandeasiertointerpretespeciallywhentherelationshipbetweentheindependentanddependentvariableislinear.BItcanusesometechniquesandcross-validationtoavoidover-fitting.CItissusceptibletooutliersbecauseitover-simplifiesreal-worldproblemsbyassumingalinearrelationshipbetweenthevariables.DItmaynotbetrueorcomplete.正確答案：AB第7題We

can

usecorrelationanalysistopredictadriver'straveltimeby

using

milestraveledandnumberofdeliveries.（)第8題Forlinearregressionmodels,boththeinputvalues(x)andtheoutputvalue(y)shouldbenumeric.()Section6Test第1題Whichofthefollowingisnotatypeofclassificationproblem？ABinaryClassificationBMulti-ClassClassificationCMulti-LabelClassificationDMulti-strategyclassification第2題Thefirstpartoftheprogressofclassificationis____.Atheleftmostx-sequenceBtheTrainingdataCtheclassifierDthepredictedcategoryresult第3題

Ifacaseisnegativeandismistakenforpositivebytheclassifier,wecallit_______.AtruepositiveBtruenegativeCfalsepositiveDfalsenegative第4題Whichofthefollowingtypesofalgorithmslogisticregressionbelongto?AUnsupervisedlearningalgorithmBSupervisedlearningalgorithmCSemi-supervisedlearningalgorithmDClusteringAlgorithm第5題WhichofthefollowingalgorithmsbelongtotheclassifiersofNaiveBayes?AMultinomialNaiveBayesBBernoulliNaiveBayesCLogisticNaiveBayesDGaussiannaiveBayes正確答案：ABD第6題Accordingtoitsoutputdatatypes,thecategoriesoflogisticregressioninclude_____.AbinaryBordinal

CnominalDcontinuous正確答案：CBA第7題"Pruning"isthemainmethodofdecisiontreealgorithmtodealwith"overfitting".Infact,itistoreduceoverfittingbyremovingsomeriskybranches.第8題Logisticregressionishardtoimplementandwidelyusedinindustrialpracticebecauseofitshugecalculation.Section7Test第1題Whichdistancemeasurementcancalculatethedistanceinhigherdimensions?ASMCBJaccarddistanceCEuclideandistanceDManhattandistance第2題Whichdistancemeasurementisabetterchoicewhencalculatingthedistancebetweentwodocuments?ACosinedistanceBEuclideandistanceCSMCDManhattandistance第3題WhichdescriptionaboutclusteringbelowisNOTtrue?AComparedtoclassification,clusteringdoesn’trequirepriorknowledge.BClusteringcanserveasapreprocessingstepbeforeregressionorclassificationtasks.CClusteringisawaytogainadee