第1題Whichcountry'sscientistsfirstproposetheconceptof"ecology"?ATheUnitedStatesBTheUnitedKingdomCGermanyDFrance第2題Intheprocessofenergyflowofecosystem,whatistheratioofnutrientlevelenergyofthisleveltothatoftheupperlevel?A30%

B25%

C15%

D10%

第3題Whatisformedbytheflowofenergybetweendifferentorganisms?AFoodchainBFoodwebCCompetitionDTrophiclevel第4題Whichofthefollowingareecologicalresearchobjects?AAtomsBPlantsC

elephantsDcoralsESolarsystemplanets正確答案：BCD第5題

Whatarethefunctionsofecosystems?A

BiologicalproductionBEnergyflowC

MaterialcycleDself-repairEself-growth正確答案：ABC第6題Whatarethemainformsofenergyflowintheecosystem?APhotosynthesisBAssimilationCRespirationDExcretion

E

Reproduction正確答案：ABCDE第7題The“Environment”inecologicalresearchreferstopurenaturalenvironment.第8題Communityecologystudiesthegrowthofindividualorganisms.第9題Theterm"ecosystem"wasfirstproposedbyErnstHaeckel.第10題The“foodweb”isformedwhenthefoodchainsformedbydifferentspeciesintheecosystemareinterconnectedthroughfeedingrelationships.第11題The“ecosystem”isadynamicfunctionalsystemwiththeabilitytoself-regulate.第12題Theenergyintheecosystemflowsincycles.第13題About10%ofthematerialislostateachlevelinthecycleoftheecosystem.第14題Biosphereisnottheobjectofecologicalresearch.第15題ArthurTansleydefinedtheterm“ecosystem”

asabiologicalassemblageinteractingwithitsassociatedphysicalenvironmentandlocatedinaspecificplace.第1題

Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongto"urbanization"?AThetransformationofagricultureintoindustryBThetransformationofagricultureintohigh-techindustriesCThegradualdevelopmentofruralareasintotowns

DUrbanresidentsaregraduallymovingtothecountryside第2題Whichorganizationputforward

theconceptofEcocity?AUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization，UNESCOBUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization，UNIDOCWorldBankDFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations，F(xiàn)AO第3題WhenwasthefirstEcocityWorldSummit

held?A1980B1990C2000D2010第4題Whichofthefollowingare"urbandiseases"?ATrafficcongestionB

Resourceshortage

CAirpollution

DPopulationexpansion

EEcologicalrestoration正確答案：ABCD第5題Whichofthefollowingareservicefunctionsprovidedbyurbanecosystems?ASewagepurification

BFoodsupplyCCompulsoryeducationDHealthcareEUrbanmanagement正確答案：ABD第6題Whatstepsareinvolvedinecologicalplanning?ASurveyBAssessmentCPrediction

DDesignEEvaluation正確答案：ABCDE第7題Whatarethecontentsofecologicalcityconstruction?AEcologicaldesignBEcologicalplanning

C

EcologicaldestructionDEcologicalmanagement

E

Ecologicalbalance正確答案：ABDE第8題Urbanizationisthecontinuousexpansionofurbanareas.第9題Urbanizationisactuallyanevolutionaryprocessofurbanecosystem.第10題Becausetherearefewergreenplantsinthecity,theproductionfunctionoftheurbanecosystemisweak.第11題"GardenCity"proposedbyEbenezerHowardactuallybelongstotheecologicalplanningofacity.第12題Urbanecosystemsarenotdominatedbyhumans.第13題Thereis

nodecomposerinurbanecosystems.第14題Humanbeingscanimprovetheefficiencyofenergyandmaterialflowbydealingwithvariouskindsofinformation.第15題Theartificialtransportationfacilitiescanenhancethefluxofenergyandmaterialflow.Unit3Exercises第1題WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutspatialplanninginJapan?ATherearethreelevelsinJapanese

landdevelopmentplanningsystemBJapanhasadoptedthespatialplanningsystemoflanddevelopmentplanning,landuseplanningandbasiclanduseplanninginparallel.CJapanese

landuseplanningisdividedintotwolevels:nationalandprefectural.DBasiclanduseplanninginJapanisdevelopedonlyatthenationallevel.第2題WhatisthemainpurposeoftheterritorialspaceplanningatnationallevelinChina?ASystematicnessBImplementationCCoordinationDStrategic第3題Whichofthefollowingoptionsisnotthe“threelines”inChinese

territorialspaceplanning?AUrbandevelopmentboundary

lineBBoundarylinesofroadsCPermanentbasicfarmlandlineDEcologicalprotectionredline第4題Regard

tothespatialplanninginFrance,whichofthefollowingdescriptionsiscorrect?A“TheRegionalPlanforPlanning,SustainableDevelopmentandTerritorialEquality”(SRADDETinshort),isalegallybindingBTherearetherelevelsofspaceplanninginFrance,respectivelyapplytoregion,groupementsandcommuneCSincethenewcentury,newcontentssuchasenvironmentalprotectionandenergyconservationhavebeenadded

inFranceSpatialplanningDThelanduseplanninginFranceisdevelopedonlyatthenationallevel正確答案：BC第5題WhatspatialplanningwillChinaintegrateintoaunifiedterritorialspatialplanningAMainfunctionalareaplanningBLand-useplanningCUrbanandruralplanningDSocio-economicdevelopmentplanning正確答案：ABC第6題WhatarethethreezonesinChineseterritorialspaceplanning?ALivingspaceBUrbanspaceCAgriculturalspaceD

Ecologicalspace正確答案：ACD第7題StategovernmentshaveabsoluteautonomytoprepareandimplementterritorialspaceplansinGermany.第8題The“America2050Prospectus”isadetailplanningwtihlegallybinding.第9題TheoverallframeworkofterritorialspaceplanninginChinacanbesummarizedasfivelevels,threecategoriesandfoursystems.第10題In2018,ChinacarriedoutinstitutionalreformsandestablishedtheMinistryofNaturalResources.第11題“Doubleevaluation”referstotheevaluationofthecarryingcapacityofresourcesandenvironmentandthesuitabilityofterritorialspacedevelopment.第12題Althoughthedoubleevaluationis"double",itisevaluatedasawholeintheplanningprocess.第13題Territorialspaceplanningisthelong-termplanningandoverallarrangementofallkindsofspaceresourcesinanationalterritory.第14題ThegoalofTerritorialSpacePlanningistoachieveeffectivecontrolandscientificgovernanceoftheterritorialspace,andfindingabalancebetweendevelopmentandconservation.第15題Localgovernmentarrangeproductionspace,livingspace,andecologicalspacescientificallybyTerritorialSpacePlanninginChina.Unit4Exercises第1題WhoisthedesigneroftheCentralPark,NewYork,NY?AEbenezerHowardBFrederickLawOlmstedCIanLennoxMcHarg

DIeohMingPei第2題WhoisthedesigneroftheEmeraldNecklace,Boston,MA?AEbenezerHowardBIeohMingPeiCIanLennoxMcHarg

DFrederickLawOlmsted第3題WhofirstproposedtheconceptofGardenCitiesAEbenezerHowardBIeohMingPeiCIanLennoxMcHargDFrederickLawOlmsted第4題Whoistheauthorof《DesignwithNature》andsuggestedtheSuitabilityanalysisframework.AEbenezerHowardBIeohMingPeiCIanLennoxMcHargDFrederickLawOlmsted第5題AccordingtothePercolationTheory,ifweadopt8-connectedrule,whatthedensityofmediumisreached,thepenetrantcansuddenlymovefromoneendofthemediummaterialtotheother.A20%B40%C60%D80%第6題WhichmodelcanbeusedtodescribetheLandscapepattern.Alayer-cakemethodBPoint-line-planeCpatch-corridor-matrixDAggregate-with-outliers第7題WhatarethemainresearchsubjectsofLandscapeEcology?AStructureoflandscapeBFunction

oflandscapeCDynamicchangesoflandscapeDAnimalsinthelandscape正確答案：ABC第8題WhicharethecommontypesofMetapopulation?ALevinsMetapopulationBMainland-islandMetapopulationCPatchyMetapopulationDNonequilibriumMetapopulationEIntermediatetypeMetapopulation正確答案：ABCDE第9題WhataretheelementsoflandscapesecuritypatternproposedbyYuKongjian.ASourceBRadiatingroutesCStrategicpointsDBufferzonesEInter-sourcelinkage正確答案：ABCDE第10題Whatarethemaindirectionsforthedevelopmentoflandscapeplanningmethods?

AIntegratedLandscapeEcologyPlanningSystemBThe"LayerCake"PlanningModel

basedonSuitabilityAnalysisCIndispensablePatternsDAggregate-with-outliersElandscapesecuritypattern正確答案：AB第11題Thetheoryofislandbiogeography

predictsthatthenumberofspeciesispositivelyrelatedtoislandsize.第12題TheMainland-islandMetapopulation

ismorestablethanthoseofothertypes.第13題TheNonequilibriumMetapopulationismorelikelytogoextinct.第14題Landscapeprocessesarenaturalprocessesandhavenothingtodowithhumans.第15題Thecharacteristicsofresearchobjectswillchangewiththespatialortemporalscale.Unit5Exercises第1題WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttraditionalChinesevillagesistrue?AThepurposeofprotectingtraditionalvillagesisjusttobringeconomicbenefitstothelocalgovernment.BTraditionalvillagesarethosewithalonghistoryCAllofoldvillagesshouldbeprotected.DTraditionalvillagesarethecommonspiritualsourceoftheChinesepeople.第2題WhatwasthedevelopmentpatternoftraditionalvillagesinKoreainthelaterperiodofdevelopment?

ACitizenledmodelBCultivatedbythegovernmentCGovernment-leddevelopmentmodelDGuidedbythedevelopmentofenterprises第3題Whatis

themaintraditionalvillageconservationplanningmethodmentioned

inthisUnit？AConstructlandscapesecuritypatternBAnalysisoftraditionalvillagefeaturescaleCAplanningmethodcombininglandscapesecuritypatternandfeaturescaleDHigh-qualitydevelopmentoftraditionalvillages第4題Atthevillagescale,whatdoweusuallypaymoreattentionto?AEcologicalenvironmentBStreetpatternCBuildingsDReligiousplace第5題InChina,whataretherequirementsforinclusioninthenationallistoftraditionalvillages?

AThetraditionalarchitecturalfeaturesofthevillageareintactBThelocationandpatternofvillageshavetraditionalcharacteristicsCVillageintangibleculturalheritagecanbepassedonlivelyDBeautifulvillagescenery正確答案：ABC第6題WhatkindofsupporthasthevillageofNoyers-BocageinFrancereceivedintheprocessofdevelopment?

ApublicBenterpriseCexpertDgovernment正確答案：ABCD第7題Whatarethe"featurescales"mentionedinthislessonreferto?

ATheurbanscaleBThecourtyardscaleCThesettlementscaleDThevillagescale正確答案：BCD第8題Inthisunit,fromwhataspectstoputforwardthestrategyoftraditionalvillageconservationplanning?AFive-linecontrolofvillageareaBConstructionofvillagepatternCZoningprotectionofsettlementDThebuildingsofthecourtyardareprotectedbyclassification正確答案：ACD第9題Intheearlystagesofdevelopment,the"NewvillageMovement"inSouthKoreamainlyadoptedagovernment-leddevelopmentmodel.第10題Thetraditionalvillageculturecontainsthefinetraditionsandvaluesystemsofallnationalities.第11題Traditionalvillageconservationplanningusuallydividesvillagesintocoreprotectionareas,constructioncontrolareasandenvironmentalcoordinationareas.第12題The"fivelines"inthe"fivelinescontrol"referstotheroadredline,theconstructionredline,thewaterblueline,theconstructionpurplelineandthemountaingreenline.第13題Theconservationoftraditionalvillagescanpromotethedevelopmentofruraltourism.第14題Theprotectionanddevelopmentoftraditionalvillagesarecontradictoryandcannotbeachievedatthesametime.第15題Wedon'tneedtokeepthetraditionalcustomsbecausetheyareoutoffashion.Unit6Exercises第1題WhichcountryadoptedWaterSensitiveUrbanDesign"(WSUD)AChinaBAustraliaCAmericaDBritain第2題Accordingtothedefinitionofspongecity,whatistheessentialpart

intheconstructionofspongecity?

A

PurifyandtreatrainwaterBIncreasetherateofrainwaterinfiltrationCReducesurfacerunoffDBuildlargereservoirs第3題Whichofthefollowingisnotameasureofspongecityconstruction?ARoofgardenBImpoundmentCHardenedpavementDSodditch

第4題Intheconstructionofspongecity,whatisthebestchoiceofpavementmaterialforurbanmainroads?AAsphaltpavementBCementconcretepavementCTimberDstone第5題Urbandevelopmentbringsmanywateruseproblems.Whichofthefollowingaretrue?

AWaterpollutionBWaterecosystemdamageCWatershortageDWatersecurityrisks正確答案：ABCD第6題Whatarethemaincausesofrainfallpollutiontourbanwaterenvironment?APrimaryrunoffpollutionBExtensivegroundhardeningCCombinedflowcontroloverflowpollutionDWaterresourcesshortage正確答案：ABC第7題Whichofthefollowingarecorrectwaystobuildspongecities?AProtectionregionalaquaticsystemBEcologicalrestorationCChangethethinkingofdrainageandfloodpreventionbyLowimpactdevelopmentDBuildingrainwaterutilizationandreclaimedwaterreuse正確答案：ABCD第8題Whatarethebenefitsofspongecityconstructiontothecity?AAlleviatewaterloggingproblemsBImprovetheurbanwaterenvironmentCPurifyingtheinitialrainpollutionDImprovethequalityofthecityandenhancethesenseofgainofthemasses正確答案：ABCD第9題InthecaseofQinglongLakeWetlandPark,whatarethewaysofpurifyingthewater?ASetuppollutioninterceptionfacilitiesBAquaticplantpurificationCAquaticanimalpurificationDChemicalpurification正確答案：ABC第10題TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisthefirstcountrytoputforwardLIDdesignconceptandgreeninfrastructureconstruction.第11題"Sustainabledrainage"intheUKincludesarangeoftechnologiesforthesustainablemanagementofsurfacewater.第12題InChina,spongecitydesigncanbesummarizedasanintegrateddrainagesystemof“Infiltration,Retention,Storage,Purification,UtilizationandDischarge”.第13題Raingardensaredesignedtodelaytheamountofrainwaterthatcanformoverashortperiodoftime.第14題Greenroofisoneoftheimportantmeasurestorealizespongecitydesign.第15題Spongecitiescaneffectivelyreduceurbanwaterlogging.Unit7Exercises第1題WhatisnottrueaboutthecharacteristicsofEco-community?AHarmonyBEntiretyCIndependenceDPersistence第2題WhatisthebasicfunctionalunitofacityAResidentBConstructionCRoadDCommunity第3題RegardingtothepurposeofEco-community,whichofthefollowingdescriptionsiscorrect?AReducinggreenhousegasemissionsBUtilizeresourcesmoreeffectivelyCIncreaseeconomicreturnsDProtectbiodiversityandthenaturalenvironment正確答案：ABD第4題InwhatwayshasBedZEDreduceditswaterconsumptionbyonethirdcomparedtotheaveragehome?AConservingwaterBDecreased

watersuppliesCUsingrainwaterDRecyclingsewage正確答案：ACD第5題Whatistheprincipleof“3R”

?A

ReduceBReuseCRecycleDRecovery正確答案：ABC第6題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutecologicalcommunityplanning?AThecommunityusedroofgreeningandverticalgreeningtoreducecarbonemissions.BTheplacementofindustrialareasaroundcommunitiescanprovidealargenumberofnearbyjobs

andreducetheneedforlong-distancetransportation.CTheperfectpublicservicesysteminthecommunitycan

bringsomelocalemploymentopportunities.DThecommunityincreasedgreenareaby

multiplewaystoimprovecarbonsequestration.正確答案：ABCD第7題Intermsofenergyfacilities,theBedZEDreducesenergyconsumptionthroughsolarenergyutilization,wallenclosures,cogenerationplants,photovoltaiccells,andtheuseofenergy-savingdevicesinthebuildings.第8題TheBedZEDencouragespeopletousepublictransportationbylimitingthenumberofparkinglotsformotorvehicles.第9題Designers,buildersandmanagersagreedatthebeginningoftheconstructionoftheBEdZEDthat2/3ofthehouseswereallocatedassocialhousing,and1/3weresoldintherealestatemarket.第10題Villagesaretheconcentrationofpopulation,construction,transportation,industryandlogistics,andarethelargestcarbonemitters.第11題AlloftheEco-communityshouldadoptstheringradialroadnetworkstructure.第12題InthegreenspaceplanningofEco-community,weshoulduselocalplantspeciesasmuchaspossible.第13題Ecologicalcommunitiesareexpensivetobuildandthereforeuneconomical.第14題Garbageclassificationisthebasicrequirementofecologicalcommunity.

第15題Themodeoftransportationiscrucialtothecarbonsinkandenergyconsumptionofecologicalcommunities.Unit8Exercises第1題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutagricultureistrue?AAgricultureisnotthemainproductionactivityforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.BAgriculturallandcoversonlyonetenthoftheworldlandarea.CFarmlandprovideshabitatandfoodsourcesformanyspecies.DProtectingfarmlandbiodiversityhasnoeffectonexistingprotectedareas.第2題WhatisthefirststepintheAESplanimplementationprocess?ASelectbiodiversitytargetsBDesignascoringsystemandfarmplanCDeterminetherewardmechanismDImplementtheplan第3題Whatistheappropriateproportionofnaturalandsemi-naturalhabitatsinfarmland?

A1%~3%B3%~8%C5%~8%D8%~10%第4題WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofNbSarecorrect?ANbSisaholisticconceptthatactivelyleveragesecosystemservicestoaddressmajorcrisesandrisksfacinghumansociety.BNbSemphasizesmakingfulluseoftheproductionfunctions,regulatoryfunctions,supportingfunctionsandculturalservicesoftheecosystemtoaddressarangeofmajorthreatsfacinghumansociety.CNbScanbringavarietyofeconomic,environmentalandsocialbenefits,suchasreducinginfrastructurecosts,creatingjobs,promotinggreeneconomicgrowth,andimprovinghumanhealthandwell-being.DNbScancontributingtotheachievementoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.正確答案：ABCD第5題Whatarethecorrectdescriptionsofhowtoplanfarmlandlandscape?ABuildadiverseecologicallandscapepatternandconservesemi-naturalhabitatstability.BImprovetheconnectivityofecologicallandscapeandbuildecologicalnetworks.CCreatediverseecologicallandscapepatchesandmaintainlandscapeheterogeneity.DBuildanengineeringsystemforfarmlandbiodiversityconservation,includinglandlevelingproject,roadproject,watersystemengineeringproject,shelterforestnetworkprojectandsoon.正確答案：ABCD第6題Whichofthedescriptionsofnaturalenemiesofpestsarecorrect?ANaturalenemiesofpestsmainlyliveinthespaceofsunlight.BThedistributionofthepredatorsofpestsinthefarmlandisuneven.CThepredatorsofpestshaveaconsiderabledensityinthevegetationbeltwithawidthofabout1m.Dthepredatorsofpestsmainlyliveinthedarkspacesuchasgrassattheborderofthefieldorbarkcracksunderleaves.正確答案：BCD第7題whichofthefollowingareecologicalservicefunctionoffarmlandecologicallandscape?ASoilconservationBWaterpurificationCEntertainmentDLeisureEPestcontrol正確答案：ABCDE第8題Theecologicalservicefunctionoffarmlandecologicallandscapeismainlyreflectedinmanyaspects,suchasbiodiversity,soilconservation,Waterpurification,pestcontrol,Pollinationofflowers,nutrientcycling,floodcontrolanddisasterresistance,landscapeculture,entertainmentandleisureetc.第9題IntheUnitedStateofAmerica,themainprotectionpolicyoffarmlandiscalled"AES".第10題Onlyincities,NbScangiveusinnovativeideasandmethodstodealwiththebiodiversitycrisisandthesocialchallengesitbrings.第11題Inagriculturallandscape,weshouldpayattentiontothediversificationofpatchesandvegetationtypes.第12題Theuseofnativenectarplantscaneffectivelyincreasethenumberofpollinatorsandimproveyieldandecologicalservicefunctions.第13題Thewildflowerbuffercancreateagoodplantlandscapewherepestcontrolandfarmlandlandscapeorganicallycombined,resultinamutuallybeneficialagriculturalecologicallandscape.第14題Agriculturallandmaintainsabout30%oftheworld'swildandendangeredspecies.Unit9Exercises第1題Howmuchofthebuildingsaccountfortotalenergy

usearoundtheworld?A30%B40%C50%D60%第2題Howmuchofthebuildingsaccountforcarbondioxideemissionsaroundtheworld?A1/3B2/3C1/2D3/4第3題WhicharethebasicprinciplesingreenbuildingdesignprocessAEconomyofResourcesBLifeCycleDesignCSavingcostDHumaneDesign正確答案：ABD第4題What

arethecharacterofGreenbuildings?AEfficientmanagementofenergyandwaterresources

BRestorationandprotectionofenvironmentalqualityCEnhancementandprotectionofhealthandindoorenvironmentalqualityDReinforcementofnaturalsystemsEIntegrationofthedesigndecision-makingprocess正確答案：ABCDE第5題Whatarethekeyconsiderationsofagreenbuilding?AReducedenergyandwateruseBHealthyindoorenvironmentalqualityCSmartmaterielselectionDThebuilding’seffectonitssiteEThecostofthebuilding.正確答案：ABCD第6題GreenBuildingsarehigh-performancestructuresthatalsomeetcertainstandardsforreducingnaturalresourceconsumption.第7題GreenBuildingscanalsobecalledsustainablearchitecture.第8題Greenbuildingsrepresentgreenplants,hightechnologyandhighcost.第9題Buildingscanonlyhaveimpactsonthepeoplewhoinhabitthemeveryday.第10題Greenbuildingrequirescooperationofarchitectsandengineers.第11題GreenBuildingsdonotmakeanybusinesssense.第12題AtPost-Buildingphase,oldmaterialsshouldbethrewaway.第13題Biophilicdesignisthepracticeofconnectingpeopleandnaturewithinourbuiltenvironmentsandcommunities.第14題Indoorgardensisoneofthebiophilicdesignstrategies.第15題MiesVanDerRohe’sFarnsworthHouseisaclassicexampleofbophilicarchitecturaldesign.第16題Passivedesignstrategiesfocusonutilizingthenaturalenvironmenttoprovideheating,cooling,ventilation,andlightingtoabuilding.Unit10Exercises第1題WhichofthefollowingstatementsisthebestsummaryofChinesestylecourtyards?AAdvocatingandlearningfromnatureBPayattentiontothesecludedartisticconception,simpleandquietCPrecise,symmetricallinesDYearningfornature,advocatingnature.第2題Thestepsofcourtyarddesignare