2026年計算機專業(yè)英語技術(shù)術(shù)語與翻譯綜合試題一、單選題（每題2分，共20題）請選擇最符合題意的選項。1.Whatdoes"BigData"refertointhefieldofcomputerscience?A.AlargedatabasesystemB.AmassivevolumeofstructureddataC.TheprocessofanalyzinglargedatasetsD.Atechnologyforstoringunstructureddata2.Theterm"CloudComputing"typicallydescribes:A.ComputingonasingleserverB.LocaldatastorageonlyC.DistributedcomputingovertheinternetD.Hardware-baseddataprocessing3.Whatis"MachineLearning"inartificialintelligence?A.WritingcodemanuallyB.AutomatingrepetitivetasksC.AlgorithmsthatimprovewithexperienceD.Atypeofdatabase4."Blockchain"technologyisprimarilyusedfor:A.ImprovingnetworkspeedB.Secure,decentralizedrecord-keepingC.EnhancingCPUperformanceD.Encryptingindividualfiles5."IoT"(InternetofThings)refersto:A.AwirelesscommunicationprotocolB.ConnectingphysicaldevicestotheinternetC.AtypeofcloudstorageD.Aprogramminglanguage6.Whatdoes"API"(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)allow?A.DirecthardwareaccessB.SoftwareintegrationbetweensystemsC.AutomaticsystemupdatesD.Datacompression7."Virtualization"inITmeans:A.CopyingphysicalhardwareB.RunningmultipleoperatingsystemsononemachineC.UpgradingRAMcapacityD.Deletingunusedfiles8."Cybersecurity"focuseson:A.IncreasinginternetspeedB.ProtectingsystemsfromdigitalthreatsC.DesigningfasterprocessorsD.Storingmoredatalocally9.Whatis"QuantumComputing"?A.ComputingusingtraditionalbinarysystemsB.AmethodforencryptingdataC.Usingquantumbits(qubits)forcomputationD.Atypeofwirelessnetwork10."Blockchain"ismostcommonlyassociatedwith:A.CentralizeddatabasesB.Decentralized,immutableledgersC.High-performancecomputingD.Cloudstorageservices二、多選題（每題3分，共10題）請選擇所有符合題意的選項。1.Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsof"BigData"?A.VolumeB.VelocityC.VarietyD.Veracity2."MachineLearning"caninclude:A.SupervisedlearningB.UnsupervisedlearningC.ReinforcementlearningD.Quantumalgorithms3."CloudComputing"servicestypicallyinclude:A.InfrastructureasaService(IaaS)B.PlatformasaService(PaaS)C.SoftwareasaService(SaaS)D.NetworkasaService(NaaS)4."Blockchain"technologyisusedin:A.CryptocurrenciesB.SupplychainmanagementC.VotingsystemsD.Traditionalbanking5."IoT"(InternetofThings)devicescaninclude:A.SmartthermostatsB.WearablefitnesstrackersC.AutonomousvehiclesD.Smartfridges6."API"(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)isessentialfor:A.WebdevelopmentB.MobileappintegrationC.DatabasemanagementD.Hardwaremanufacturing7."Virtualization"benefitsinclude:A.ResourceefficiencyB.CostreductionC.BetterhardwareutilizationD.Reducedphysicalhardware8."Cybersecurity"threatscaninclude:A.RansomwareB.PhishingattacksC.DDoSattacksD.Hardwarefailure9."QuantumComputing"aimstosolve:A.OptimizationproblemsB.CryptographicchallengesC.ClassicalcomputingbottlenecksD.Wirelesscommunicationissues10."Blockchain"issecurebecauseof:A.DecentralizationB.CryptographichashingC.ImmutablerecordsD.Centralizedcontrol三、填空題（每空1分，共15空）請根據(jù)英文術(shù)語填寫中文翻譯。1."ArtificialIntelligence"(AI)–_________________________2."MachineLearning"(ML)–_________________________3."CloudComputing"–_________________________4."BigData"–_________________________5."Blockchain"–_________________________6."IoT"(InternetofThings)–_________________________7."API"(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)–_________________________8."Virtualization"–_________________________9."Cybersecurity"–_________________________10."QuantumComputing"–_________________________11."DeepLearning"–_________________________12."NeuralNetwork"–_________________________13."DataMining"–_________________________14."Encryption"–_________________________15."Decentralization"–_________________________四、翻譯題（每題5分，共5題）請將下列英文技術(shù)段落翻譯成中文。1."Cloudcomputingenablesuserstoaccessandstoredataovertheinternet,eliminatingtheneedforlocalhardware."_________________________2."Machinelearningalgorithmscananalyzelargedatasetstoidentifypatternsandmakepredictions,oftenwithoutexplicitprogramming."_________________________3."Blockchaintechnologyensuresdataintegritybydistributingrecordsacrossmultiplenodes,makingtamperingextremelydifficult."_________________________4."IoTdevicescollectandtransmitdatawirelessly,enablingsmartautomationinhomes,cities,andindustries."_________________________5."Quantumcomputingleveragesquantumbits(qubits)toperformcomplexcalculationsmuchfasterthantraditionalcomputers."_________________________五、簡答題（每題10分，共5題）請簡要解釋下列術(shù)語的含義及其應(yīng)用場景。1."ArtificialIntelligence"(AI)_________________________2."CloudComputing"_________________________3."Blockchain"_________________________4."IoT"(InternetofThings)_________________________5."Cybersecurity"_________________________答案與解析一、單選題答案1.B2.C3.C4.B5.B6.B7.B8.B9.C10.B解析：-BigData:Referstothelargevolume,highvelocity,andvarietyofdatathattraditionalsystemsstruggletoprocess.OptionBiscorrect.-CloudComputing:Involvesdeliveringcomputingservicesovertheinternet(e.g.,IaaS,PaaS,SaaS).OptionCisaccurate.-MachineLearning:Algorithmsimprovethroughexperiencewithoutmanualprogramming.OptionCiscorrect.-Blockchain:Adecentralized,immutableledger.OptionBisthebestfit.-IoT:Connectsphysicaldevicestotheinternet.OptionBiscorrect.-API:Enablessoftwareintegration.OptionBisaccurate.-Virtualization:RunsmultipleOSononemachine.OptionBiscorrect.-Cybersecurity:Protectssystemsfromdigitalthreats.OptionBiscorrect.-QuantumComputing:Usesqubitsforcomputation.OptionCiscorrect.-Blockchain:Secureduetodecentralizationandhashing.OptionBisaccurate.二、多選題答案1.A,B,C,D2.A,B,C3.A,B,C4.A,B,C5.A,B,C,D6.A,B,C7.A,B,C,D8.A,B,C9.A,B,C10.A,B,C解析：-BigData:Has4V's–Volume,Velocity,Variety,andVeracity.Alloptionsarecorrect.-MachineLearning:Includessupervised,unsupervised,andreinforcementlearning.OptionDisincorrect.-CloudComputing:OffersIaaS,PaaS,andSaaS.OptionD(NaaS)isuncommon.-Blockchain:Usedincryptocurrencies,supplychains,andvoting.OptionDisincorrect.-IoT:Includessmartdeviceslikethermostats,wearables,vehicles,andfridges.Alloptionsarecorrect.-API:Essentialforwebandmobiledevelopment,anddatabaseintegration.OptionDisincorrect.-Virtualization:Benefitsincludeefficiency,costreduction,resourceutilization,andhardwarereduction.Alloptionsarecorrect.-Cybersecurity:Threatsincluderansomware,phishing,andDDoS.OptionDisincorrect.-QuantumComputing:Solvesoptimization,cryptography,andclassicalcomputingproblems.OptionDisincorrect.-Blockchain:Secureduetodecentralization,hashing,andimmutability.OptionDisincorrect.三、填空題答案1.人工智能2.機器學(xué)習(xí)3.云計算4.大數(shù)據(jù)5.區(qū)塊鏈6.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)7.應(yīng)用程序編程接口8.虛擬化9.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全10.量子計算11.深度學(xué)習(xí)12.神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)13.數(shù)據(jù)挖掘14.加密15.去中心化解析：Alltermsarestandardtechnicaltermsincomputerscience.四、翻譯題答案1.云計算使用戶能夠通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)訪問和存儲數(shù)據(jù)，無需本地硬件。2.機器學(xué)習(xí)算法可以分析大型數(shù)據(jù)集以識別模式并做出預(yù)測，通常無需