鎂合金的變形機制及應用發(fā)展研究文獻綜述1鎂合金的特點Mg廣泛分布于自然界之中，在地殼所含化學元素中處第八位，約占2.35%。此外，Mg還在宇宙元素中居第九位。Mg屬于堿土金屬元素，化學性質非?；顫?，基本以化合物的形式存在，所以直到1808年才成功制得金屬鎂?，F(xiàn)在人們通常采用礦石提取和海水提取來獲取Mg。自發(fā)現(xiàn)金屬鎂后，它獨特的物理化學性質和得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢就引起了廣大科研人員的重視。鎂為密排六方晶格，密度僅為1.738g/cm3。鎂合金在目前實際應用的金屬結構材料中密度最低，是輕質結構材料ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>杜文博</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>63</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>63</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1622599248">63</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>杜文博</author><author>侯江濤</author><author>孟繁婧</author><author>李淑波</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>北京工業(yè)大學材料科學與工程學院;</auth-address><titles><title>碳納米管增強鎂基復合材料導熱性能研究</title><secondary-title>中國材料進展</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國材料進展</full-title></periodical><pages>12-18+30</pages><volume>39</volume><number>01</number><keywords><keyword>碳納米管</keyword><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>復合材料</keyword><keyword>導熱性能</keyword><keyword>顯微組織</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1674-3962</isbn><call-num>61-1473/TG</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]，密度僅稍高于Mg，通常在1.75~1.85g/cm3之間，大約比鋁（2.70g/cm3）輕36%，比鈦（4.506g/cm3）輕的61%，比鋼輕77%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>柳楊璐</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>2</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>2</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621310840">2</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>柳楊璐</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>潘復生,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Mg-Al和Mg-Y合金的第一性原理計算及實驗研究</title></titles><keywords><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>合金元素</keyword><keyword>臨界剪切應力</keyword><keyword>力學性能</keyword><keyword>變形機制</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><publisher>重慶大學</publisher><work-type>碩士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]。這是鎂合金最突出的優(yōu)點。假如我們能夠通過采用鎂合金來使車輛重量減少100公斤，那么車輛行駛100km我們可以減少0.38L的燃料使用量和8.7g的CO2排放量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zeng</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621402644">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ZhuoranZeng</author><author>Jian-FengNie</author><author>Shi-WeiXu</author><author>ChrisH.J.Davies</author><author>NickBirbilis</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>0000000419367857,grid.1002.3,DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,MonashUniversity,3800,Melbourne,Vic,Australia;;grid.484636.b,AutomotiveSteelResearchInstitute,ResearchInstitute(R&DCentre),BaoshanIron&SteelCo.,Ltd,201900,Shanghai,China;;0000000419367857,grid.1002.3,DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,MonashUniversity,3800,Melbourne,Vic,Australia</auth-address><titles><title>Super-formablepuremagnesiumatroomtemperature</title><secondary-title>NatureCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureCommunications</full-title></periodical><volume>8</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。因為環(huán)境和能源問題越來越嚴峻，不管是汽車、能源、航空還是電子設備等各個領域都在追求輕量化。毫無疑問，鎂合金將會成為這些制造行業(yè)的首選材料。鎂合金的彈性模量為44.8GPa，泊松比為0.35，這意味著當施加同樣的載荷時，鎂合金能夠消耗更多的變形功，優(yōu)良的減震吸振性能也是市場選擇它的理由ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>樊振中</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621320153">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>樊振中</author><author>陳軍洲</author><author>陸政</author><author>熊艷才</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中國航發(fā)北京航空材料研究院;北京市先進鋁合金材料及應用工程技術研究中心;</auth-address><titles><title>鎂合金的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</title><secondary-title>鑄造</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>鑄造</full-title></periodical><pages>1016-1029</pages><volume>69</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>研究現(xiàn)狀</keyword><keyword>發(fā)展趨勢</keyword><keyword>表面防護</keyword><keyword>微觀組織</keyword><keyword>力學性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1001-4977</isbn><call-num>21-1188/TG</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]。除此之外，鎂合金的比強度和比剛度也高于這些材料。這意味著，如果我們在工程上采用鎂合金，不僅能夠不減少零部件強度，還能夠極大地減輕工件質量。近年來，鎂合金的相關產業(yè)不斷發(fā)展，從科學研究到投入使用，成本不斷降低，性能不斷改善，其工業(yè)化應用已經成為材料領域的研究熱點。鎂合金的低密度是與生俱來的優(yōu)勢。但是不可忽視的是處于室溫下時，工業(yè)純鎂強度低、塑性差，而且受溫度變化影響很大，無法直接作為結構材料而使用。這也正是因為鎂自身的3s2自由價電子結構，這種結構導致鎂無法構成共價鍵，因此具有最低的平均價電子結合能和非常弱的原子結合力ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>曾小勤</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>6</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>6</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621322509">6</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>曾小勤</author><author>朱慶春</author><author>李揚欣</author><author>丁文江</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>上海交通大學材料科學與工程學院輕合金精密成型國家工程研究中心;上海交通大學材料科學與工程學院金屬基復合材料國家重點實驗室;</auth-address><titles><title>鎂合金中的第二相顆粒強化</title><secondary-title>中國材料進展</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國材料進展</full-title></periodical><pages>193-204+250</pages><volume>38</volume><number>03</number><keywords><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>第二相</keyword><keyword>時效強化</keyword><keyword>長周期堆垛有序結構相</keyword><keyword>鎂基增強體</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1674-3962</isbn><call-num>61-1473/TG</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[6]。這種有限的強度和塑性很大程度上限制了鎂合金的應用潛力。2鎂合金的分類鎂合金一般有三種分類方式，分別為：合金化學成分、成形工藝ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kojima</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>62</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>62</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1622564735">62</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>YoKojima</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,NagaokaUniversityofTechnology</auth-address><titles><title>ProjectofPlatformScienceandTechnologyforAdvancedMagnesiumAlloys</title><secondary-title>MATERIALSTRANSACTIONS</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>MATERIALSTRANSACTIONS</full-title></periodical><volume>42</volume><number>7</number><keywords><keyword>Advancedmagnesiumalloys</keyword><keyword>Platformscience</keyword><keyword>Platformtechnology</keyword><keyword>Microstructurecontrol</keyword><keyword>Surfacemodification</keyword><keyword>Eco-material</keyword><keyword>Environmentalburden</keyword><keyword>Structuralspacematerial</keyword><keyword>Newfunctionality</keyword><keyword>Biomaterial</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2001</year></dates><isbn>1345-9678</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[7]和應用工況與服役載荷。2.1合金化學成分按照合金化學成分不同主要可以分為四個系列，即AZ（Mg-Al-Zn）系列、AM（Mg-Al-Mn）系列、AS（Mg-Al-Si）系列和AE（Mg-Al-RE）ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王宣</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621439935">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王宣</author><author>李秀蘭</author><author>周立玉</author><author>曾洪亮</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangXuan</author><author>L.I.Xiu-lan</author><author>ZhouLi-yu</author><author>ZengHong-liang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>四川輕化工大學</auth-address><titles><title>高強鎂合金的制備研究進展 Researchprogressinpreparationofhighstrengthmagnesiumalloy</title><secondary-title>輕合金加工技術</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>輕合金加工技術</full-title></periodical><pages>6-10</pages><volume>47</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>高強鎂合金</keyword><keyword>制備方法</keyword><keyword>稀土元素</keyword><keyword>組織</keyword><keyword>性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1007-7235</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNTE4EhBxaGpqZ2pzMjAxOTExMDAzGgg1dzVyc2Yybg%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13979/j.1007-7235.2019.11.002</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據股份有限公司基金項目:國家自然科學青年科學基金項目;過程裝備與控制工程四川省高校重點實驗室項目;四川省教育廳重點項目;釩鈦資源綜合利用四川省重點實驗室項目;四川輕化工大學人才引進項目</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]。其中，AZ系列力學性能最好，屈服強度也較高，綜合性能較好，可以用來作較復雜的壓鑄件。AM系列承受載荷能力強，可以應用于安全度需求高的服役零部件。AS系列蠕變性能較好，因此常用于制備風扇套和離合器活塞等工件ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>樊振中</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621320153">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>樊振中</author><author>陳軍洲</author><author>陸政</author><author>熊艷才</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中國航發(fā)北京航空材料研究院;北京市先進鋁合金材料及應用工程技術研究中心;</auth-address><titles><title>鎂合金的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</title><secondary-title>鑄造</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>鑄造</full-title></periodical><pages>1016-1029</pages><volume>69</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>研究現(xiàn)狀</keyword><keyword>發(fā)展趨勢</keyword><keyword>表面防護</keyword><keyword>微觀組織</keyword><keyword>力學性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1001-4977</isbn><call-num>21-1188/TG</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]。AE系列能在晶界處偏析，有助于增加位錯密度，改善鎂合金的拉伸性能和高溫蠕變性ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王小蘭</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>14</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621440656">14</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王小蘭</author><author>李秀蘭</author><author>洪小龍</author><author>王斌</author><author>周立玉</author><author>王宣</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangXiaolan</author><author>L.I.Xiulan</author><author>HongXiaolong</author><author>WangBin</author><author>ZhouLiyu</author><author>WangXuan</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>四川輕化工大學</auth-address><titles><title>高強鎂合金的制備及研究進展綜述 Preparationandresearchprogressofhighstrengthmagnesiumalloy</title><secondary-title>四川冶金</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>四川冶金</full-title></periodical><pages>5-9</pages><volume>42</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>高強鎂合金</keyword><keyword>分類</keyword><keyword>制備工藝</keyword><keyword>研究進展</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1001-5108</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNTE4Eg1zY3lqMjAyMDA1MDAzGgg3am5ueThpbg%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1001-5108.2020.05.003</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據股份有限公司基金項目:大學生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓練計劃項目;國家自然科學青年科學基金項目;四川輕化工大學研究生創(chuàng)新基金項目</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[9]。此外，稀土元素的添加還可以凈化熔體，使晶粒細化，改善綜合性能。從而減緩微裂紋的產生與擴展，延長鎂合金的使用壽命。根據研究表明，稀土是針對鎂合金而言最有效的強化元素ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王宣</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621439935">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王宣</author><author>李秀蘭</author><author>周立玉</author><author>曾洪亮</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangXuan</author><author>L.I.Xiu-lan</author><author>ZhouLi-yu</author><author>ZengHong-liang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>四川輕化工大學</auth-address><titles><title>高強鎂合金的制備研究進展 Researchprogressinpreparationofhighstrengthmagnesiumalloy</title><secondary-title>輕合金加工技術</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>輕合金加工技術</full-title></periodical><pages>6-10</pages><volume>47</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>高強鎂合金</keyword><keyword>制備方法</keyword><keyword>稀土元素</keyword><keyword>組織</keyword><keyword>性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1007-7235</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNTE4EhBxaGpqZ2pzMjAxOTExMDAzGgg1dzVyc2Yybg%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13979/j.1007-7235.2019.11.002</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據股份有限公司基金項目:國家自然科學青年科學基金項目;過程裝備與控制工程四川省高校重點實驗室項目;四川省教育廳重點項目;釩鈦資源綜合利用四川省重點實驗室項目;四川輕化工大學人才引進項目</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]。2.2成形工藝按照成型工藝的不同可以分為變形鎂合金和鑄造鎂合金ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王宣</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621439935">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王宣</author><author>李秀蘭</author><author>周立玉</author><author>曾洪亮</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangXuan</author><author>L.I.Xiu-lan</author><author>ZhouLi-yu</author><author>ZengHong-liang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>四川輕化工大學</auth-address><titles><title>高強鎂合金的制備研究進展 Researchprogressinpreparationofhighstrengthmagnesiumalloy</title><secondary-title>輕合金加工技術</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>輕合金加工技術</full-title></periodical><pages>6-10</pages><volume>47</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>高強鎂合金</keyword><keyword>制備方法</keyword><keyword>稀土元素</keyword><keyword>組織</keyword><keyword>性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1007-7235</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNTE4EhBxaGpqZ2pzMjAxOTExMDAzGgg1dzVyc2Yybg%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13979/j.1007-7235.2019.11.002</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據股份有限公司基金項目:國家自然科學青年科學基金項目;過程裝備與控制工程四川省高校重點實驗室項目;四川省教育廳重點項目;釩鈦資源綜合利用四川省重點實驗室項目;四川輕化工大學人才引進項目</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]，這兩種鎂合金在成分、組織和性能上差異都較大。變形鎂合金主要是在原材料熔鑄后，通過軋制、擠壓和鍛造等塑性變形手段制備得到的管材和板材等制品，如下圖1.1所示ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>樊振中</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621320153">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>樊振中</author><author>陳軍洲</author><author>陸政</author><author>熊艷才</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中國航發(fā)北京航空材料研究院;北京市先進鋁合金材料及應用工程技術研究中心;</auth-address><titles><title>鎂合金的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</title><secondary-title>鑄造</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>鑄造</full-title></periodical><pages>1016-1029</pages><volume>69</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>研究現(xiàn)狀</keyword><keyword>發(fā)展趨勢</keyword><keyword>表面防護</keyword><keyword>微觀組織</keyword><keyword>力學性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1001-4977</isbn><call-num>21-1188/TG</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]。變形鎂合金主要有Mg-Mn、Mg-Al-Zn和Mg-Zn-Zr等系列ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王宣</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621439935">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王宣</author><author>李秀蘭</author><author>周立玉</author><author>曾洪亮</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangXuan</author><author>L.I.Xiu-lan</author><author>ZhouLi-yu</author><author>ZengHong-liang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>四川輕化工大學</auth-address><titles><title>高強鎂合金的制備研究進展 Researchprogressinpreparationofhighstrengthmagnesiumalloy</title><secondary-title>輕合金加工技術</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>輕合金加工技術</full-title></periodical><pages>6-10</pages><volume>47</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>高強鎂合金</keyword><keyword>制備方法</keyword><keyword>稀土元素</keyword><keyword>組織</keyword><keyword>性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1007-7235</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNTE4EhBxaGpqZ2pzMjAxOTExMDAzGgg1dzVyc2Yybg%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13979/j.1007-7235.2019.11.002</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據股份有限公司基金項目:國家自然科學青年科學基金項目;過程裝備與控制工程四川省高校重點實驗室項目;四川省教育廳重點項目;釩鈦資源綜合利用四川省重點實驗室項目;四川輕化工大學人才引進項目</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]。這類鎂合金的晶粒尺寸小，具有良好的力學性能ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王小蘭</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>14</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621440656">14</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王小蘭</author><author>李秀蘭</author><author>洪小龍</author><author>王斌</author><author>周立玉</author><author>王宣</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangXiaolan</author><author>L.I.Xiulan</author><author>HongXiaolong</author><author>WangBin</author><author>ZhouLiyu</author><author>WangXuan</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>四川輕化工大學</auth-address><titles><title>高強鎂合金的制備及研究進展綜述 Preparationandresearchprogressofhighstrengthmagnesiumalloy</title><secondary-title>四川冶金</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>四川冶金</full-title></periodical><pages>5-9</pages><volume>42</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>高強鎂合金</keyword><keyword>分類</keyword><keyword>制備工藝</keyword><keyword>研究進展</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1001-5108</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNTE4Eg1zY3lqMjAyMDA1MDAzGgg3am5ueThpbg%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1001-5108.2020.05.003</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據股份有限公司基金項目:大學生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓練計劃項目;國家自然科學青年科學基金項目;四川輕化工大學研究生創(chuàng)新基金項目</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[9]。(a)板材；(b)棒材；(c)擠壓型材；(d)管材；(e)絲材；(f)鍛件圖1.1變形鎂合金制品ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>樊振中</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621320153">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>樊振中</author><author>陳軍洲</author><author>陸政</author><author>熊艷才</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中國航發(fā)北京航空材料研究院;北京市先進鋁合金材料及應用工程技術研究中心;</auth-address><titles><title>鎂合金的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</title><secondary-title>鑄造</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>鑄造</full-title></periodical><pages>1016-1029</pages><volume>69</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>研究現(xiàn)狀</keyword><keyword>發(fā)展趨勢</keyword><keyword>表面防護</keyword><keyword>微觀組織</keyword><keyword>力學性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1001-4977</isbn><call-num>21-1188/TG</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]鑄造鎂合金主要是通過鑄造和壓力加工如砂模鑄造和熔模鑄造等壓鑄工藝制備ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王宣</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621439935">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王宣</author><author>李秀蘭</author><author>周立玉</author><author>曾洪亮</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangXuan</author><author>L.I.Xiu-lan</author><author>ZhouLi-yu</author><author>ZengHong-liang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>四川輕化工大學</auth-address><titles><title>高強鎂合金的制備研究進展 Researchprogressinpreparationofhighstrengthmagnesiumalloy</title><secondary-title>輕合金加工技術</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>輕合金加工技術</full-title></periodical><pages>6-10</pages><volume>47</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>高強鎂合金</keyword><keyword>制備方法</keyword><keyword>稀土元素</keyword><keyword>組織</keyword><keyword>性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1007-7235</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNTE4EhBxaGpqZ2pzMjAxOTExMDAzGgg1dzVyc2Yybg%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13979/j.1007-7235.2019.11.002</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據股份有限公司基金項目:國家自然科學青年科學基金項目;過程裝備與控制工程四川省高校重點實驗室項目;四川省教育廳重點項目;釩鈦資源綜合利用四川省重點實驗室項目;四川輕化工大學人才引進項目</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]，主要有AZ（Mg-Al-Zn）系列、AM（Mg-Al-Mn）系列和AE（Mg-Al-RE）等系列。鑄造鎂合金結構優(yōu)異，制備成本相對而言較低，工件精度較高，生產效率高，可以大批量成產。因此鑄造鎂合金成為國外工業(yè)應用最廣泛的鎂合金ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王宣</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621439935">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>王宣</author><author>李秀蘭</author><author>周立玉</author><author>曾洪亮</author></authors><translated-authors><author>WangXuan</author><author>L.I.Xiu-lan</author><author>ZhouLi-yu</author><author>ZengHong-liang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>四川輕化工大學</auth-address><titles><title>高強鎂合金的制備研究進展 Researchprogressinpreparationofhighstrengthmagnesiumalloy</title><secondary-title>輕合金加工技術</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>輕合金加工技術</full-title></periodical><pages>6-10</pages><volume>47</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>高強鎂合金</keyword><keyword>制備方法</keyword><keyword>稀土元素</keyword><keyword>組織</keyword><keyword>性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1007-7235</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjEwNTE4EhBxaGpqZ2pzMjAxOTExMDAzGgg1dzVyc2Yybg%3D%3D</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13979/j.1007-7235.2019.11.002</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據股份有限公司基金項目:國家自然科學青年科學基金項目;過程裝備與控制工程四川省高校重點實驗室項目;四川省教育廳重點項目;釩鈦資源綜合利用四川省重點實驗室項目;四川輕化工大學人才引進項目</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]，常應用于汽車零部件和機件外殼的制備。2.3應用工況與服役載荷鎂合金按照應用工況與服役載荷主要可以分為8種，即稀土鎂合金、耐熱鎂合金、阻燃鎂合金、耐蝕鎂合金、變形鎂合金、阻尼鎂合金、生物鎂合金和壓鑄鎂合金，如下圖1.1所示ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>樊振中</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621320153">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>樊振中</author><author>陳軍洲</author><author>陸政</author><author>熊艷才</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中國航發(fā)北京航空材料研究院;北京市先進鋁合金材料及應用工程技術研究中心;</auth-address><titles><title>鎂合金的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</title><secondary-title>鑄造</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>鑄造</full-title></periodical><pages>1016-1029</pages><volume>69</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>研究現(xiàn)狀</keyword><keyword>發(fā)展趨勢</keyword><keyword>表面防護</keyword><keyword>微觀組織</keyword><keyword>力學性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1001-4977</isbn><call-num>21-1188/TG</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]。圖1.2鎂合金材料分類ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>樊振中</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621320153">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>樊振中</author><author>陳軍洲</author><author>陸政</author><author>熊艷才</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中國航發(fā)北京航空材料研究院;北京市先進鋁合金材料及應用工程技術研究中心;</auth-address><titles><title>鎂合金的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</title><secondary-title>鑄造</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>鑄造</full-title></periodical><pages>1016-1029</pages><volume>69</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>鎂合金</keyword><keyword>研究現(xiàn)狀</keyword><keyword>發(fā)展趨勢</keyword><keyword>表面防護</keyword><keyword>微觀組織</keyword><keyword>力學性能</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1001-4977</isbn><call-num>21-1188/TG</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]其中，耐熱鎂合金通過晶內與晶界達成雙重強化，多種強化機制符合強化，可以有效提高耐熱溫度使用限制。阻燃鎂合金則采用溶劑防護和氣體防護等方法，氣體防護常添加Ar等惰性氣體，此外，還可以將Ca、Zn與稀土元素一同體添加以保護熔體的表面，有效達到阻燃目的ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>樊振中</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="rdze5zzau99z5cevfr0vv054ex0pwe9wsptr"timestamp="1621320153">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>樊振中</author><author>陳軍洲</author><author>陸政</author><author>熊艷才</author></authors></contributors