高中特殊英語(yǔ)詞匯專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題在高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的征途上，詞匯無(wú)疑是構(gòu)建語(yǔ)言大廈的基石。然而，除了那些高頻出現(xiàn)的核心詞匯外，我們還常常會(huì)遇到一類(lèi)“特殊詞匯”。它們或許并非教材大綱的重中之重，卻在閱讀理解的深邃處、完形填空的語(yǔ)境中、乃至?xí)姹磉_(dá)的亮點(diǎn)里扮演著關(guān)鍵角色。這些詞匯可能是熟詞僻義、固定搭配、特定領(lǐng)域術(shù)語(yǔ)，或是在特定語(yǔ)境下才顯露出其“特殊性”的尋常單詞。掌握這類(lèi)詞匯，往往能讓我們?cè)诶斫夂瓦\(yùn)用英語(yǔ)時(shí)更上一層樓，突破學(xué)習(xí)瓶頸。本專項(xiàng)練習(xí)旨在聚焦此類(lèi)詞匯，通過(guò)針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練，幫助同學(xué)們深化理解，提升應(yīng)試與應(yīng)用能力。一、熟詞僻義專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)中許多詞匯我們看似“認(rèn)識(shí)”，但其在特定語(yǔ)境下的含義卻與我們熟知的意義大相徑庭，這就是所謂的“熟詞僻義”。能否準(zhǔn)確把握這些詞匯的特殊含義，直接影響到對(duì)篇章的理解深度。Exercise1:MultipleChoiceChoosethebestexplanationfortheunderlinedwordineachsentence.A.depositmoneyinabankB.relyonC.establishabankD.lookat2.Afteralongday,shelikestoretiretoherstudyandread.A.stopworkingbecauseofageB.gotobedC.movebackD.withdrawtoaprivateplace3.Thejudgedismissedthecaseduetolackofevidence.A.sentawayB.refusedtoconsiderfurtherC.laughedatD.finished4.Hislatestnovelhasrunintoseveraleditionssinceitspublicationlastyear.A.movedquicklyB.encounteredC.hadacontinuousseriesof(editions)D.escapedAnswers&Explanations:1.B.relyon2.D.withdrawtoaprivateplace3.B.refusedtoconsiderfurther*Explanation:*Inlegalcontexts,"dismissacase"meansthejudgedecidesnottoproceedwiththecase,oftenbecauseofinsufficientevidence.4.C.hadacontinuousseriesof(editions)*Explanation:*"Runinto"hereindicatesthatthenovelhashadmultipleeditionspublishedinsuccession.二、固定搭配與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練固定搭配（包括形容詞與介詞、名詞與介詞、動(dòng)詞與介詞/副詞等的搭配）和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)中非常活躍且難以掌握的部分。它們的意義往往不能簡(jiǎn)單從字面推斷，需要系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶。Exercise2:FillintheBlanks1.Weneedtolookintothemattercarefullybeforemakingadecision.(investigate)3.Theoldtraditionhasbeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogenerationinthisvillage.(passedon)5.Thenewpolicyaimsatreducingtrafficcongestioninthecitycenter.(hasasitsobjective)Exercise3:ErrorCorrectionEachsentencecontainsanerrorintheuseofaphrasalverborfixedcollocation.Identifyandcorrecttheerror.1.Sheapologizedforhermistake.(Correct)2.TheteacheraskedthestudentstoputofftheirassignmentsbyFriday.(Incorrect:"putoff"meanspostpone;shouldbe"handin"or"submit")*Corrected:*TheteacheraskedthestudentstohandintheirassignmentsbyFriday.3.Heisverygoodinplayingthepiano.(Incorrect:"goodat"isthecorrectcollocation)*Corrected:*Heisverygoodatplayingthepiano.4.Theprojectwascalledoffduetounforeseencircumstances.(Correct)三、易混詞與形近詞辨析專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)中存在大量拼寫(xiě)相似但意義和用法迥異的詞匯，或是意義相近但搭配、語(yǔ)體色彩不同的詞匯。準(zhǔn)確辨析這些詞匯，是避免理解偏差和寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵。Exercise4:ChoosetheRightWord1.Theprincipal(principal/principle)reasonforhisabsencewasillness.2.Wemuststicktoourprinciples(principal/principle)evenindifficulttimes.3.Shefeltasenseofloss(loss/lose)whenherbestfriendmovedaway.4.Don'tlose(loss/lose)hope;thingswillgetbetter.6.Theeffect(affect/effect)ofthenewpolicyremainstobeseen.Answers:1.principal2.principles3.loss4.lose5.affect6.effectExplanation:*Principal(adj.):main,mostimportant;(n.):headofaschool.Principle(n.):afundamentaltruthorrule.*Affect(v.):toinfluenceorproduceachangeinsomething.Effect(n.):achangethatresultsfromanactionorcause.四、場(chǎng)景化詞匯與特定領(lǐng)域詞匯專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練在不同的話題場(chǎng)景（如環(huán)保、科技、教育、健康等）或特定學(xué)科領(lǐng)域中，會(huì)用到一些具有針對(duì)性的詞匯。積累這些詞匯，有助于我們更專業(yè)、更準(zhǔn)確地理解和談?wù)撓嚓P(guān)話題。Exercise5:MatchingMatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirappropriatedefinitions/descriptionsinColumnBrelatedtothefieldofenvironmentalscience.ColumnA1.biodiversity2.sustainable3.emissions4.conservation5.biodegradableColumnBA.Thevarietyofplantandanimallifeinaparticularhabitatorintheworld.C.Theactofprotectingsomething,especiallynaturalresources,fromharmordestruction.D.Theproductionanddischargeofsomething,especiallygasorradiation.E.Abletobemaintainedatacertainrateorlevel;notharmfultotheenvironment.Answers:1.A2.E3.D4.C5.B五、學(xué)習(xí)建議與總結(jié)攻克高中特殊英語(yǔ)詞匯，非一日之功，需要同學(xué)們：1.語(yǔ)境優(yōu)先，活學(xué)活用：詞匯的生命力在于語(yǔ)境。不要孤立背單詞，要結(jié)合例句、篇章來(lái)理解和記憶其含義及用法，特別是特殊用法。2.勤查詞典，細(xì)究差異：遇到不確定的詞匯或搭配，要養(yǎng)成查閱權(quán)威詞典（如牛津、朗文）的習(xí)慣，關(guān)注其英文釋義、例句及usagenotes。3.整理歸納，定期復(fù)習(xí)：建立個(gè)人的“特殊詞匯”筆記本，將遇到的熟詞僻義、固定