6月英語六級試題冊

PartIWriting(30minutes)

注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthe

topicofDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwrite

atleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.近年來在學生中出現(xiàn)了忽視中文學習的現(xiàn)象；

2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因和后果；

3.我認為…

DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforEarack

Obama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders.Tnthatonesecond,itwasa

validationformywholerace,“sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,*saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAat

VanderbiltUniversityinNashvi1le,Tennessee.therehadalwaysbeenthesethings

inthebackofmymindquestioningwhether1reallycanbewhoIwant.Itwas1ike

ashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygDsofar.Nowit'slikeabarrier

hasbeenletdown.”

White*sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawould

provetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.Somehopedhisriseto

prominencewou1dhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewho

stillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimarevery

contradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveand

uneducated,//saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligent

andeloquent.”

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacy

totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystarting

torevealhowthe"Obamaeffect“ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhaps

surprisingly,itisnotal1goodnews:thereisastinginthetai1oftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelfor

AfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.

Indeed,LhcObamacffecLcanbesurprisinglyimilledidleandpowerful,asRayFiicdnian

ofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidential

campaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,

andthetestassessedtneirlanguageskills.Attvoofthesestages,whenObama*s

successwaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescores

ofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,

forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipants

performedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechasthe

Democrats?presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhite

subjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipants

hadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswou1dbeusedtoassesstheir

strengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith“stereotype

threat*-ananxietytnattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,which

hasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama,ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspectthey

feltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tprove

adistraction,“saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffecting

theirwhitecompatriots(同胞)？Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力

的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywayto

measureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas“implicitbias”,

usingacomputerbasedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeop1eassociatepositiveand

negativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.A

similartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypical

traits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability-withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychelogy,

Plant/steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfound

thatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundina

similarstudyin."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,“Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan,tbesurethoirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalso

showedthatthosewithtnelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblack

skincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president”.Thissuggests

thatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsa

websitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmall

dropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary,whichmightbe

explainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggest

thatchangewillbemuc.islowercomingthanPlant1sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

“PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,“

saysDanie1EffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."Ourresearcharousesthe

concernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfrican

Americans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmore

honestlyaboutthoirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbosuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpression

ofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawas

electedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedto

addressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.Huge

obstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama,ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthat

adisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehuge

obstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuch

asalient(杰出的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—that

there'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,“saysCherylKaiserofthe

UniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.Thosetryingtoaddressissuesofracia1

inequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeop1eoftheinequalitiesthatstillexistto

counteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinking

thatracismandfacialincqualiLiesaxenolongeraproblem."ThulasLthingIwanL

isforpeopletothinkeverythingJssolved.”

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshould

holdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthe

sameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,w

saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideandits

bad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:Whatifthingsbegin

togowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresident

thattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?”O(jiān)vertimehemightbecomehisown

entity,“saysPlant.Thismightseem1iketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoring

theraceofcertainselectindividuals-aphenomenonthatpsychologistscal1

subtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隱伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeople

preservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."That

couldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。，

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObana'svictoryintheelecticn?

A)Excited.B)Victorious.C)Anxious.D)Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether___.

A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant*sstudy?

A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B)Thepowerofrolemodels.

C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.

A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B)whites*attitudetowardsblackshasdranaticallychanged

C)Obama*selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D)Obama*ssuccessimpactedblacks*perfornanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek,spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C)Websitevisitor,sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D)Obama*spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.

A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D)whitepeop1earelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.

A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,there

wouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton______.

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangein

people*s______.

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehis

racealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeasked

aboutwhatwassaid.Beththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.

Aftereachquestiontherewi]1beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),middecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenuidikthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

11.A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.

B)Thewomanhasapoormemory.

C)Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.

D)Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore.

12.A)Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition.

B)Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise.

C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.

D)Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.

13.A)TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.

B)ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.

C)SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.

D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.

14.A)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.

B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.

C)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.

D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.

15.A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.

B)GoseeDaisyimmediately.

C)Apologizeto)aisyagainbyphone.

D)BuyDaisyanawnotebook.

16.A)Batteries.

B)Gardentools.

C)Cameras.

D)Lightbulbs.

17.A)Thespeakers^illwatchthegametogether.

B)Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.

0Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam.

D)Themancangeltheticketatitsoriginalprice.

18.A)Thespeakers"illdressformallyfortheconcert.

B)Themanwi11returnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert.

C)Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert.

D)Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.

B)Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature.

C)Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework.

D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.

20.A)Theyhateexams.

B)TheallplantostudyinCambridge.

0Theyarealladults.

D)Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies.

21.A)Difficultbutrewarding.

B)Variedandinteresting.

0Time-consumingandtiring.

D)Demandingandfrustrating.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Interviewingamovingstar.

B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.

OHostingatelevisionshow.

D)Reviewinganewbiography.

23.A)Helosthismother.

B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.

0Hemissedhisaunt.

D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.

24.A)Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.

B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.

0Hehostedtal<showsonTV.

D)HeplayedaroleinEastofEden.

25.A)Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.

B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.

C)UewasbestatactinginHol1ywoodtragedies.

D)Howasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.

SectionB

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland.

B)AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife.

0Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.

D)18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash.

27.A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.

B)HefailedinlisnegotiationswiththeAfricans.

OUewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica.

D)HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness.

28.A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.

B)Theworkers*paywasraisedandtheirworkinghoursworeshortened.

C)Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand.

D)Theworkersonstrikewereallfired.

29.A)Sunny.B)Rainy.C)Windy.D)Cloudy.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30A)Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake.

B)Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject.

C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.

D)Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore.

31.A)ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes.

B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.

C)Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes.

D)Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples.

32.A)Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake.

B)Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused.

C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.

D)Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887.

B)ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish.

C)Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization.

D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.

34.A)ItaimstomaxeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N.

B)Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia.

C)Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges.

D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.

35.A)Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialsciencejournals.

B)Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities.

C)Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners.

D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.

SectionC注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthat

wegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsof

ourlives,ourparentstelluswhowoarc."You're(36).""You'resostrong.”

Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimpertant

(37)ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(38)

partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howwesee

ourselves(39)___theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.

The(40)connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(41)

evidentinchildrenwhoare(42)_______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildren

whowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheir

mentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(43)bylackoflanguage.

Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalso

directlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwel1-being.Consistently,(44)

Peoplewholackclosefriends

havegreater1eve1sofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.

(45).Theconclusionwasthal

socialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokir.gand

obesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(46)

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn,tgiveanygradeabove94%because,

shesays,“There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%

anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIput

intothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanI

deserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合職業(yè)道德規(guī)范的)？

Answer:Yourteacher*sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.

Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpremotes

learninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.11is

shewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyour

teacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,

youcan*tfaultherethics.

Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisno

possibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecourse

work.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhavea

waytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What*smore,gradesarenotonly

aneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkids

totheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachers

gradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent*schance

ofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.

Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligence

isworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.Ifscholars

suddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch“inanafternoon,

itwouldsti11be"TheNightWalch.”

Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown“paintings”,butI'dproducesomething

youwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.

Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgeneral1yregard

itasfairandreasonable-notthecasehere.Simmering(難以平息的)resentmentis

seldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcerns

withyourteacherortheprincipal.

注意」此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

47.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim.

48.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomtotoenccurage

learning.

49.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhard

andkeep_______.

50.TheexampleofRembrandt,spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemade

between_______.

51.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto.

SectionB

Questions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

On1ytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaid1eave

fromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gave

upthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin.Iwasn't

surprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates-we,rcnewthe

onlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedical

LeaveAct,passedin1953.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks,unpaidleave

forcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemedesty

ofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,

describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement/，anda"dangerousprecedent”.

Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroduce

work-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYcilelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdepends

ondefiningthefami1yasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.

InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,

shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheir1ives:thereis“noexit/'

wheniLcomesLochiIdren.^Societyexpects-andneeds-parentsloprovidetheir

childrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathuman

beingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.And

societyexpects-andneeds-parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlonger

ifneeded.”

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfcrnot

providingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,

fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbut

essentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyof

familylawsthatgovernchildren*welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeeting

the1ife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonal

choiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethe

socialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausethey

accrue(不停積累)totiewholeofsocietyastoday'schiIdrenbecometomorrow*s

productivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparental

investmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandnoney(includinglostwages),is

equalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocial

benefits-astheyclearlydo-thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthe

familyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A)Americaisno;vtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C)Itcam