高校公共管理外語(yǔ)期末試題集試卷說(shuō)明本試題集旨在綜合考察學(xué)生運(yùn)用外語(yǔ)進(jìn)行公共管理領(lǐng)域知識(shí)獲取、信息交流及初步學(xué)術(shù)探討的能力。試題內(nèi)容涵蓋公共管理核心概念、理論流派、實(shí)踐案例及當(dāng)前熱點(diǎn)議題，注重檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生的閱讀理解、術(shù)語(yǔ)運(yùn)用、信息提煉、邏輯思辨及書(shū)面表達(dá)水平。考試時(shí)間為120分鐘，滿(mǎn)分100分。請(qǐng)考生用指定外語(yǔ)作答，并注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范與時(shí)間分配。---Directions:Therearetworeadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter.PassageOneDespitethesedebates,NPMhasundeniablyinfluencedpublicsectorreformsworldwide.Manygovernmentshaveimplementedperformance-basedbudgeting,contractedoutcertainservices,andsoughttoenhancecitizensatisfactionthroughservicecharters.ThelastingimpactofNPMcontinuestobeasubjectofscholarlyinquiry,aspublicadministrationevolvestomeetthechallengesofthe21stcentury,includingdigitaltransformationandtheneedformoreinclusiveandsustainablegovernancemodels.Questions:1.WhatistheprimaryargumentofproponentsofNewPublicManagement?B.Privatesectormanagementpracticescanimprovepublicservicedelivery.C.Traditionalpublicadministrationisinherentlycorrupt.D.Publicorganizationsshouldfocussolelyonprofitmaximization.2.WhichofthefollowingisacriticismleveledagainstNPM,asmentionedinthepassage?A.Itignorestheimportanceofresultorientation.B.Itmayleadtoadeclineinthequalityofpublicservicesfortheneedy.C.Itoveremphasizesequityandtransparency.D.Itfailstoaddressdigitaltransformation.3.ThepassagesuggeststhattheimpactofNPMischaracterizedby:A.Universalrejectionbygovernments.C.Ongoingscholarlyexaminationandadaptation.D.Areturntopre-20thcenturygovernancemodels.PassageTwoQuestions:4.ThemainobjectiveofPublic-PrivatePartnerships,asstatedinthepassage,isto:A.Eliminatepublicsectorinvolvementinservicedelivery.B.Transferallfinancialriskstotheprivatesector.C.Achievebettervalueformoneyandimprovedservicequality.D.Shortenthetimerequiredtodeliverpublicinfrastructure.5.WhichofthefollowingisidentifiedasachallengeinPPPimplementation?A.Lackofprivatesectorinterestinpublicprojects.B.Overlysimplisticcontractdesign.C.Inabilitytoinvolveend-usersinprojectdesign.D.Difficultyinadaptingtochangingsocietalneedsovertime.6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeymeasuretosafeguardthepublicinterestinPPPs?A.Allowingprivatepartnersfullautonomyindecision-making.B.Implementingrobustregulatoryframeworks.C.ShorteningthedurationofPPPcontracts.D.Prioritizingprivatesectorprofitoverservicequality.---PartII:VocabularyandTerminology(20points)Directions:Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordortermfromtheboxbelow.Eachwordortermcanbeusedonlyonce.Somewordsortermsmaynotbeused.*governance*accountability*policy-making*stakeholders*sustainabledevelopment*publicgoods*bureaucracy*transparency*decentralization*socialequity1.Theconceptof_______________referstotheprocesses,mechanisms,andinstitutionsthroughwhichcitizensandgroupsarticulatetheirinterests,exercisetheirlegalrights,meettheirobligations,andmediatetheirdifferences.2._______________inpublicadministrationensuresthatgovernmentofficialsareanswerablefortheiractionsanddecisions,andthattherearemechanismstoredressgrievances.3.Inthe_______________process,governmentsidentifyproblems,developsolutions,andimplementandevaluatecoursesofactiontoaddresssocietalissues.5._______________isaprinciplethatemphasizesfairnessandjusticeinthedistributionofresources,opportunities,andbenefitswithinasociety.6._______________referstotheshiftofdecision-makingauthorityandresponsibilitiesfromcentralgovernmenttolowerlevelsofgovernmentorotherentities.7.Theprovisionof_______________,suchascleanairandnationaldefense,whicharenon-excludableandnon-rivalrous,isaprimaryresponsibilityofgovernments.8._______________ingovernmentoperationsmeansthatinformationisaccessible,anddecision-makingprocessesareopentopublicscrutiny.---PartIII:SentenceTranslation(20points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(forsentences1-3)andintoChinese(forsentences4-5).1.有效的城市治理是提升居民生活質(zhì)量、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。2.公共政策的制定應(yīng)充分考慮社會(huì)公平與環(huán)境保護(hù)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的公共利益。3.在數(shù)字時(shí)代，政府部門(mén)需要提升其數(shù)據(jù)治理能力，以更好地服務(wù)公眾并應(yīng)對(duì)新興挑戰(zhàn)。5.Goodgovernanceischaracterizedbyparticipation,ruleoflaw,efficiency,andresponsivenesstotheneedsofthepeople.---PartIV:EssayWriting(30points)Directions:Writeanessayofapproximately____wordsonthefollowingtopic.Youressayshouldhaveaclearintroduction,bodyparagraphswithsupportingarguments,andaconclusion.Topic:Discusstheroleofdigitaltechnologyintransformingpublicservicedelivery.Whatarethemainopportunitiesandpotentialrisks?---參考答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（簡(jiǎn)要）1.B2.B3.C4.C5.D6.BPartII:VocabularyandTerminology(20points,2.5pointseach)1.governance2.Accountability3.policy-making4.Stakeholders5.socialequity6.Decentralization7.publicgoods8.transparencyPartIII:SentenceTranslation(20points,4pointseach)(以下為參考答案，學(xué)生答案意思正確、語(yǔ)法無(wú)誤即可酌情給分)1.Effectiveurbangovernanceiskeytoimprovingresidents'qualityoflifeandpromotingsustainableeconomicdevelopment.2.Theformulationofpublicpoliciesshouldfullyconsidersocialequityandenvironmentalprotectiontoachievelong-termpublicinterests.3.Inthedigitalage,governmentdepartmentsneedtoenhancetheirdatagovernancecapabilitiestobetterservethepublicandaddressemergingchallenges.4.循證政策制定依賴(lài)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)难?/p>