直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)練習(xí)題在英語(yǔ)寫作與口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，引語(yǔ)的正確使用是傳遞信息、轉(zhuǎn)述觀點(diǎn)的重要手段。直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的靈活轉(zhuǎn)換，不僅體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性，更能增強(qiáng)表達(dá)的流暢性與得體性。掌握這一語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，需要清晰理解其轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則，并通過(guò)持續(xù)練習(xí)加以鞏固。本文將提供一系列練習(xí)題，并附參考答案與解析，旨在幫助讀者系統(tǒng)提升相關(guān)技能。一、核心概念與轉(zhuǎn)換要點(diǎn)回顧在進(jìn)入練習(xí)之前，我們簡(jiǎn)要回顧直接引語(yǔ)（DirectSpeech）和間接引語(yǔ)（IndirectSpeech，或稱ReportedSpeech）的核心區(qū)別及轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)需注意的關(guān)鍵要素：*直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用他人的原話，通常置于引號(hào)內(nèi)，并需說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人及說(shuō)話的情境（如"Hesaid,'Iamhappy.'"）。*間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述他人的意思，不使用引號(hào)，通常由引導(dǎo)詞（如`that`,`if`,`whether`,或疑問(wèn)詞）引導(dǎo)，并需根據(jù)語(yǔ)境調(diào)整人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等（如"Hesaidthathewashappy."）。轉(zhuǎn)換的主要調(diào)整方面：1.人稱代詞：根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述者的視角進(jìn)行調(diào)整。2.時(shí)態(tài)：若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)通常要“倒退”一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)（如一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)等）。若引語(yǔ)內(nèi)容為客觀真理或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，時(shí)態(tài)可不變。3.指示代詞：如`this`變?yōu)閌that`，`these`變?yōu)閌those`。4.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：如`now`變?yōu)閌then`，`today`變?yōu)閌thatday`，`tomorrow`變?yōu)閌thenextday`/`thefollowingday`，`yesterday`變?yōu)閌thedaybefore`。5.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：如`here`變?yōu)閌there`。6.句式：疑問(wèn)句需調(diào)整為陳述句語(yǔ)序；祈使句通常轉(zhuǎn)換為`ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.`結(jié)構(gòu)。二、練習(xí)題（一）基礎(chǔ)陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換將下列直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)，注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)及狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化。1.Shesaid,"IamlearningEnglishnow."2.Tomtoldme,"Iwillvisitmygrandparentsnextweekend."3."Ihavefinishedmyhomework,"Maryannounced.4.Theteachersaid,"TheEarthgoesaroundtheSun."5.Hesaid,"Imetyourbrotheryesterday."（二）疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換將下列直接引語(yǔ)（疑問(wèn)句）轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)。6."Doyoulikecoffee?"sheaskedme.7.Myfatherasked,"Wheredidyougolastnight?"8."Havetheyarrivedyet?"themanagerinquired.9."Whattimedoesthetrainleave?"hewondered.10.Sheasked,"Isthisbookyours?"（三）祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換將下列直接引語(yǔ)（祈使句）轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)。11.Themothersaidtoherchild,"Cleanyourroom."12."Pleasepassmethesalt,"hesaidtohiswife.13.Thepolicemanshouted,"Stop!"14."Don'ttouchthatbutton,"theengineerwarnedus.15.Shesaidtome,"Pleasewaithereforamoment."（四）混合練習(xí)與特殊結(jié)構(gòu)16."Icanspeakthreelanguages,"hetoldusproudly.17.Myfriendsaid,"Iwillbestudyingwhenyouarrivetomorrow."18."Wewenttothecinemayesterday,"theyexplained.19.Thedoctorasked,"Howlonghaveyouhadthissymptom?"20."Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrythisbox?"shesaidtotheboy.三、參考答案與解析（一）基礎(chǔ)陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換1.ShesaidthatshewaslearningEnglishthen.*解析：人稱"I"變?yōu)?she"；時(shí)態(tài)"amlearning"（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）變?yōu)?waslearning"（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"now"變?yōu)?then"。2.Tomtoldmethathewouldvisithisgrandparentsthenextweekend.*解析：人稱"I"變?yōu)?he"；時(shí)態(tài)"willvisit"（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）變?yōu)?wouldvisit"（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"nextweekend"變?yōu)?thenextweekend"。3.Maryannouncedthatshehadfinishedherhomework.*解析：人稱"I"變?yōu)?she"；時(shí)態(tài)"havefinished"（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）變?yōu)?hadfinished"（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。4.TheteachersaidthattheEarthgoesaroundtheSun.*解析：雖然主句為過(guò)去時(shí)"said"，但引語(yǔ)部分是客觀真理，時(shí)態(tài)保持一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)"goes"。5.Hesaidthathehadmetmybrotherthedaybefore.*解析：人稱"I"變?yōu)?he"，"your"變?yōu)?my"；時(shí)態(tài)"met"（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）變?yōu)?hadmet"（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"yesterday"變?yōu)?thedaybefore"。（二）疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換6.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIlikedcoffee.*解析：一般疑問(wèn)句用"if"或"whether"引導(dǎo)；人稱"you"變?yōu)?I"；時(shí)態(tài)"like"（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）變?yōu)?liked"（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；句末用句號(hào)。7.MyfatheraskedwhereIhadgonethenightbefore.*解析：特殊疑問(wèn)句用疑問(wèn)詞"where"引導(dǎo)；人稱"you"變?yōu)?I"；時(shí)態(tài)"didgo"（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）變?yōu)?hadgone"（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"lastnight"變?yōu)?thenightbefore"；疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序調(diào)整為陳述句語(yǔ)序。8.Themanagerinquiredif/whethertheyhadarrivedyet.*解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)"Havearrived"變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)"hadarrived"；"yet"在間接引語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句中可保留。9.Hewonderedwhattimethetrainleft.*解析：特殊疑問(wèn)詞"whattime"引導(dǎo)；時(shí)態(tài)"doesleave"（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)）變?yōu)?left"（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。10.Sheaskedif/whetherthatbookwasmine.*解析：指示代詞"this"變?yōu)?that"；人稱"yours"變?yōu)?mine"；時(shí)態(tài)"is"變?yōu)?was"。（三）祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換11.Themothertoldherchildtocleanhisroom.*解析：祈使句表命令，用"toldsb.todosth."結(jié)構(gòu)；人稱"your"變?yōu)?his"。12.Heaskedhiswifetopasshimthesalt.*解析：祈使句表請(qǐng)求，用"askedsb.todosth."結(jié)構(gòu)；"please"暗示請(qǐng)求語(yǔ)氣。13.Thepolicemanorderedthemtostop.*解析：祈使句表強(qiáng)烈命令，用"orderedsb.todosth."結(jié)構(gòu)；原句無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，間接引語(yǔ)中可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)充"them"。14.Theengineerwarnedusnottotouchthatbutton.*解析：否定祈使句，用"warnedsb.nottodosth."結(jié)構(gòu)；指示代詞"that"保留。15.Sheaskedmetowaitthereforamoment.*解析："Please"表明請(qǐng)求，用"askedsb.todosth."；地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)"here"變?yōu)?there"。（四）混合練習(xí)與特殊結(jié)構(gòu)16.Hetoldusproudlythathecouldspeakthreelanguages.*解析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞"can"變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式"could"。17.Myfriendsaidthathe/shewouldbestudyingwhenIarrivedthenextday.*解析：主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，引語(yǔ)中"willbestudying"（將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)）變?yōu)?wouldbestudying"（過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)）；"you"變?yōu)?I"；"tomorrow"變?yōu)?thenextday"。18.Theyexplainedthattheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.*解析："went"（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）變?yōu)?hadgone"（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）；"yesterday"變?yōu)?thedaybefore"。19.ThedoctoraskedhowlongIhadhadthatsymptom.*解析：特殊疑問(wèn)詞"howlong"引導(dǎo)；人稱"you"變?yōu)?I"；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)"havehad"變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)"hadhad"。20.Sheaskedtheboyifhecouldhelphercarrythatbox./Sheaskedtheboytohelphercarrythatbox.*解析："Couldyouplease...?"是委婉請(qǐng)求，可轉(zhuǎn)換為"askedifhecould..."或直接用"askedsb.todosth."結(jié)構(gòu)。此處兩種轉(zhuǎn)換方式皆可，前者更貼近原句疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)，后者更簡(jiǎn)潔地表達(dá)請(qǐng)求含義。四、總結(jié)與練習(xí)建議直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換，看似復(fù)雜，實(shí)則有章可循。關(guān)鍵在于準(zhǔn)確把握語(yǔ)境，尤其是主句的