1、初中英語語法-狀語從句小結(jié) 狀語從句是一種作狀語用的從句，修飾主句的動詞、形容詞、副詞或修飾全句，補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、方式、程度、狀態(tài)等。根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思的不同，可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、比較狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句等。時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、原因狀語從句都是中考的重點(diǎn)。一、時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句表示主句動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有when, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since等。until 用于肯定句中，表示句子的動作一直持

2、續(xù)到until短語所表示的時(shí)間為止，即表示動作的終點(diǎn)。一般可譯為“直到時(shí)(為止)”或“在以前”。在這種用法中，句子的謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)動詞(非瞬間動詞)，如live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue等。until用于否定句中，表示句子的動作直到until短語所表示的時(shí)間才開始發(fā)生，即表示動作的起點(diǎn)。一般譯為“直到才”或“直到之前(還不 )”eg. It may last until Friday. 這可能要延續(xù)到星期五。用于否定句中：eg. The secret was never told until after the old ma

3、ns death.這個(gè)秘密在老人去世后才說出來。連詞until以同樣的方式分析作連詞的until的用法。作連詞用的until的英文釋義是up to the time when(直到時(shí)為止)。作連詞的until用于肯定句中，表示主句的動作一直持續(xù)到從句動作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)時(shí)為止。一般可譯為“直到為止”。在這種用法中，主句的謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)動詞(非瞬間動詞)，如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。eg. Heat can be conducted from a hot body to a cooler one until bo

4、th are at the same temperature.熱可以從一個(gè)熱的物體傳到一個(gè)較冷的物體，直到兩者溫度相同為止。作連詞的until用于否定句中 , 表示主句的動作在從句的動作發(fā)生之前尚未發(fā)生，或者說主句的動作在從句的動作發(fā)生之后才開始。一般可譯為“直到才”。eg. I hadnt realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不說話我還一直不知道她是個(gè)外國人。since作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法：一、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如：eg. He has studied

5、very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞的過去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從那持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。eg. I havent heard any noise since I slept.Sleep為持續(xù)性動詞，sleep的動作結(jié)束時(shí)，即“醒來”時(shí)，這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a t

6、eacher.約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。while表示“正當(dāng) 時(shí)”； (指同時(shí))用于同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩延續(xù)性動作相伴隨而發(fā)生，常對同類的兩動作進(jìn)行對比。eg. Please write while I read. 我念的時(shí)候，請寫下來。when表示“當(dāng) . 時(shí)：可表示瞬間、時(shí)間段，與主從句所述動作、事情可同時(shí)，也可有先后。例：eg. It was snowing when we got to the airport. 我們到達(dá)機(jī)場時(shí)，天正下著雪。(同時(shí)發(fā)生)。as當(dāng)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)at the same time 不指先后，而指同時(shí)發(fā)生，尤指短動作或事件同時(shí)發(fā)生，eg. I look

7、ed; someone came here. 正當(dāng)我看的時(shí)候，有個(gè)人走過來。 as不可說明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況。eg. As I get older, I get more optimistic. 隨著年齡變大我變得更加樂觀。as、when、while都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間較長的同時(shí)發(fā)生的“背景”情況。eg. As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of a shop.當(dāng)我順著馬路往前走的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)一家商店前停著一輛警車。注意：1. 在以as soon as, until, wh

8、en等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而主句用將來時(shí)。2. since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句常用完成時(shí)，并且動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。二、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句表示主句動作發(fā)出的前提或條件、假想、推測等，條件狀語從句通常由連詞if, unless等引導(dǎo)。eg. Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. 如果我明天有空，我就幫你學(xué)英語。He wont be late unless he is ill. 他不會遲到的，除非他生病了。注意：在if, unless等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時(shí)，從句的

9、謂語動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的含義。三、目的狀語從句目的狀語從句表示主句的動作發(fā)生的目的或愿望，可用so that, that, in order that等詞引導(dǎo)。目的狀語動詞中常有情態(tài)動詞may/might, can/could, should或will/would.eg. He visited London in order that he could see his parents.He visited London so that he could see his parents. 為了看望父母他來到了倫敦。School was closed early in order tha

10、t the children might get home ahead of the storm. 學(xué)校早放學(xué)，為的是讓孩子們在暴風(fēng)雨前到家。四、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句表示主句的動作所引起的結(jié)果，可以用sothat, suchthat等引導(dǎo)。eg. The burglar wore gloves, so that there were no fingerprints found. 竊賊帶著手套，所以沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)指紋。He spoke so quickly that only a few students could follow him. 他講話太快，只有幾個(gè)學(xué)生能聽懂。The house is

11、 so expensive that very few people can afford it. 房子價(jià)格太貴，很少有人買得起。He was so good a runner that nobody could catch him. 他是跑步的能手，沒人能趕上他。It is such a good chance that we mustnt miss it. 如此好的機(jī)會我們絕不能錯(cuò)過。It is such nice weather that I dont like to stay at home. 天氣這么好，我不愿呆在家里。辨析：sothat和suchthatsothat和suchtha

12、t的意思均為“如此以致”，都用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。但二者用法不盡相同，現(xiàn)歸納如下：1. sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中的so為副詞，后面跟形容詞或副詞；suchthat中的such為形容詞，后面接名詞(名詞前可以有形容詞修飾)。eg. He became so angry that he couldnt speak.他變得很生氣，以致說不出話來。It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一個(gè)很晴朗的日子，我們出去散步。2. 當(dāng)that前的名詞有表示數(shù)量多少的many, much, few, little等修飾時(shí)，只能用so，不能用such.e

13、g. There was so much noise outside that we couldnt hear the teacher.外面嘈雜聲很大，以致我們不能聽到老師的話。He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他跌了這么多的跤，以致全身青一塊、紫一塊的。注意：若名詞前的little解釋為“小(的)”意思時(shí)，則仍用such, 而不能用so.eg. They are such little sheep that they cant run fast.它們是小綿羊，以至于它們跑得不快。3. 當(dāng)that前是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞且

14、該名詞前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，so與such可以互換，即：soadj.a/ann.sucha/anadj.n.eg.She is so good a teacher that we all love her.She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老師，我們都愛她。4. 當(dāng)that前是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則必須用such，不能用so來代替。eg. It was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 那是個(gè)好天氣，他們都去游泳了。They are such nice ap

15、ples that we would like to eat them. 它們是如此好的蘋果，以致我們想吃它們。五、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句由because, as, for, since等引導(dǎo)。eg. We couldnt walk very fast because the road was very slippery. 因?yàn)槁坊覀冏卟豢?。As shes been ill, perhaps shell need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些幫助。Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it. 既然你不感興趣，那我就

16、不告訴你。辨析：because, since, as和for1. because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接原因，可用于回答 why 提出的問題、引導(dǎo)表語從句、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句等，而其余三者均不行。eg. “Why didnt he come?” “Because he was ill.” “他為什么沒來?”“因?yàn)樗×??！盡y stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples. 我肚子痛，因?yàn)樘O果吃得太多。Thats because you cant appreciate music. 這是因?yàn)槟悴荒苄蕾p音樂。It is because he is hon

17、est that I like him. 是因?yàn)樗\實(shí)我才喜歡他。2. since語氣較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，譯為“既然”，側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。eg. Since you dont like it, Ill put it away.既然你不喜歡，我就把它放在一邊。Since you are wrong, you should apologize. 你既然錯(cuò)了，就應(yīng)該道歉。3. as “由于，鑒于”，指客觀事實(shí)，常與since互換使用。eg. As there was no answer, I wrote again. 鑒于沒回復(fù)，我又寫了一封信。As you

18、 werent there, I left a message. 由于你不在那兒，我留了個(gè)口信。4. for 是并列連詞，不說明直接原因而是對某種情況加以推斷，其引導(dǎo)的分句前常有逗號。eg. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定是生病了，因?yàn)樗裉鞗]來。He took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn. 他狼吞虎咽地吃了起來，因?yàn)樗麖奶炝炼紱]吃過東西。六、比較狀語從句常由than, asas, not as(so)as等連詞引導(dǎo)。eg. John is taller th

19、an his brother. 約翰比他的弟弟高。Im as tall as you. 我和你一樣高。He doesnt pay as much tax as we do/ as us. 他沒有我們交的稅款多。七、方式狀語從句常由as, as if(as though)等連詞引導(dǎo)。eg. Leave it as it is. 保持原狀，別動它。Do it as I do it. 照我的樣子做這件事。He treats me as if/ as though I were a child. 他把我當(dāng)小孩子一樣來對待。They completely ignore the fact as if/ a

20、s though it never existed. 他們完全忽略了這個(gè)事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。八、讓步狀語從句常由though(although)等連詞引導(dǎo)。eg. Although it was cold, he went out without a coat. 盡管天氣很冷，他沒有穿大衣就出去了。Though they are poor, they have enough to eat. 他們雖然很窮，食物還是夠吃的。典型例題：1. I_ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.A. will return B. returned C. have

21、returnedD. return解析：考查狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。在if條件狀語從句中，主句用將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選A。2. Dick gave me a note while I_ in the library.I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you.A. am readingB. was readingC. readsD. will read解析：主句使用了一般過去時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句也應(yīng)使用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，這里應(yīng)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動作正在發(fā)生。下句I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you. 也為解題提供了很好的提示

22、。故選B。3.Look! Here comes our school bus.No hurry. Dont get on it_ it has stopped.A. untilB. afterC. sinceD. when解析：考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意為“看！我們的校車來了。”“別急。等車停穩(wěn)再上去吧。”選A，notuntil直到才，是固定搭配。4. I didnt know he came back_ I met him in the street.A. since B. whenC. untilD. After解析：考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意為：直到在街上見到他，我才知道他回來了。notunti

23、l是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“直到才”。故選C。 5. Ill do it better if the teacher_ me another chance.A. giveB. givesC. gaveD. will give解析：考查狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句一般遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的規(guī)則，故選B。6. When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she_ the piano.A. is playingB. playsC. was playingD. played解析：When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句使用了一般過去時(shí)，主句也應(yīng)使用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，這里表示動作正在發(fā)生（她正在彈

24、鋼琴），用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，這能使描寫的對象更加生動。故選C。7. I have been trying my best to study English_ I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.A. untilB. becauseC. though解析：考查原因狀語從句。I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics. （我想有機(jī)會成為一名北京奧運(yùn)會的志愿者）與I have been trying my best to

25、 study English（我一直在竭盡全力學(xué)習(xí)英語）構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故選B。8. How was your climbing on Mount Tai？I didnt believe I could do it_ I got to the top.A. untilB. unlessC. afterD. when解析：考查時(shí)間狀語從句。notuntil“直到才”是固定句式。句意為“你爬泰山的感受是什么？”“我簡直難以置信，直到登上山頂”。9.Look at the noisy kids!Havent you heard the saying“When the cat is away, the

26、mice_.”?A. playB. playedC. are playingD. will play解析：考查含有時(shí)間狀語從句的主句的時(shí)態(tài)。規(guī)律是：“主將從現(xiàn)”，即從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)。故選D?！癢hen the cat is away, the mice will play.”（相當(dāng)于“山中無老虎，猴子稱大王。”）10. He met many problems_ he was going over his lessons.A. beforeB. as soon asC. sinceD. while解析：考查時(shí)間狀語從句中連詞的選用。要從意義和句子邏輯兩方面考慮。與as和whe

27、n相比，敘述兩個(gè)較長時(shí)間的動作，特別是提供“背景”的時(shí)間更長時(shí)，常用while，故選D。句意為“他在復(fù)習(xí)功課時(shí)碰到了許多問題?！闭Z法專練：一、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步狀語從句練習(xí)1. People behind you will be unhappy _ you talk too long on the phone.A. asB. forC. if2. _ you dont go to see the doctor, _ youll be worse.A. If; /B. If; andC. If; or 3. Mother was busy cooking in the kitchen _ f

28、ather was watching TV in the sitting room.A. asB. when C. while4. Dont leave the office_ I come back.A. whenB. ifC. until5. I didnt go to bed_ all the TV programmes were over.A. untilB. whenC. after6. There are usually some people watching_ those retired workers play chess.A. whichB. whereC. as7. _

29、it was raining, _ we went on with our sports meeting.A. Though; /B. Though; butC. /; but8. I reached the station_ the train had just moved.A. untilB. afterC. as soon as9. The mouse had run into the hole_ the cat could catch it.A. beforeB. afterC. as soon as10. The baby stopped crying_ he saw his mot

30、her.A. untilB. as soon asC. then二、原因、比較、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句練習(xí)。用所給的關(guān)聯(lián)詞將簡單句連接成復(fù)合句。1. He didnt pass the exam. He hadnt gone over his lessons. （because）2. You can buy the dictionary. You have got enough money. （since）3. You have seen the film twice. You can give the ticket to your brother.（now that）4. It was a lo

31、ng letter. It took her more than two hours to type it.（suchthat）5. I called out to him in a loud voice. He heard me on the other side of the street.（so that）6. Lily sings well. Linda sings well, too.（asas）7. Jim looks weak. His brother Tim looks even weaker.（than）8. Mr. and Mrs. Smith work hard. The

32、y want to send their son to college.（in order that）9. Ill give you some more examples. You can learn how to use this expression.（so that）10. He ran very fast. Nobody in our class could catch up with him.（sothat）三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. The students were reading books. The teacher came into the room.（合并為一個(gè)含有時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)

33、合句）_2. After the mother came back, the little girl went to bed.（改為同義句）The little girl_ _ to bed_ the mother cam back.3. Jane and Kate are of the same age.（改為同義句）Jane is_ _ _ Kate.4. Study hard, and youll catch up with your classmates.（改為同義句）_ you _ study hard, you _ catch up with your classmates.5.

34、There are many rabbits in the filed in Australia. The farmers cant kill them all.（改為同義句）There are _ many rabbits in the filed in Australia_ farmers cant kill them all.6. The boy is so lazy that he does badly in all his lessons.（改為同義句）He is _ a_ boy _ he does badly in all his lessons.7. If he isnt il

35、l, he wont be late.（改為同義句）He wont be late_ he is ill.8. He visited London to see his parents.（改為復(fù)合句）He visited London _ _ _ he could see his parents.9. I will try it; I may fail.（改寫為讓步狀語從句）I will try it, _ _ I may fail.10. Without your help, I cant finish the work on time.（改為同義句）_ you _ help me, I c

36、ant finish the work on time.四、完形填空Have you ever heard of the satellite called Early Bird which was built by an organization consisting of 16 countries? Now dozens of satellites 1_ into space, and they help people in many ways.You can speak to people on 2_ side of the world over the telephone 3_ the

37、help of satellites. They can help take photos of Earth and produce maps. Some pictures 4_ by satellites show us the exact places where different metals can be found. They can also 5_ the differences between healthy plants and poor ones. This is a great help to the scientists 6_ work in forests. Sate

38、llites benefit our daily life. For example, satellites for 7_ are used to send radio and TV programs from one part of the world to another. It is satellites that make our world seem 8_.A number of research stations have been set up to study outer space. In the past, it was difficult 9_ the scientist

39、s to get a clear picture of the dusty air, while satellites make it easier now. They are being used more and more to collect information about space, just like 10_ between space and us.1. A. has putB. have putC. has been putD. have been put2. A. otherB. bothC. neitherD. the other3. A. with B. inC. b

40、yD. at4. A. take B. takes C. taking D. taken5. A. sayB. speakC. tell D. read6 A. which B. whoC. whereD. what7. A. weatherB. armyC. industryD. broadcasting8. A. cleanerB. smaller C. largerD. farther9. A. forB. of C. withD. by10. A. lines B. lightsC. bridges D. ropes五、閱讀理解They British Museum is the bi

41、ggest museum in the world. Inside you feel smaller than usual.The story of the British Museum goes back three hundred years to one unusual man. Sir Hans Sloane, a doctor to King George .The doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers, things from all over the world. The doctor

42、 wanted everything to stay together when he died, so that people could come and have a look. The British Museum began. King George gave his library, and the museum started to grow.The British Museum opened in 1759, six years after Sir Hans Sloane died. At first the museum was only open three days a

43、week and only ten people could enter in an hour. There wasnt much time to see things. Visitors had to run through the rooms.By about 1800, things began to get better. Wonderful statues（雕像）, three thousand years old, arrived from Egypt.George IV sold all his books to the museum secretly. A hundred ye

44、ars ago, not only old books but also new ones arrived at the museum, and more people came to read them. Since then many famous men have written and studied there. And the library is growing faster and faster. There are four kilometers of new shelves every year and there are about two million visitor

45、s every year.1. Sir Hans Sloane was interested in_.A. collecting all kinds of booksB. collecting all kinds of drawingsC. collecting all kinds of moneyD. collecting all kinds of things2. When you go inside the British Museum, you feel smaller than usual because_.A. the museum is emptyB. the museum is

46、 very bigC. there are too many things in it D. you are too small3. Sir Hans Sloane died_.A. in 1753B. in 1759C. in 1765D. in 18004. At first, the visitors had to run through the museum because_.A. there were only several things to seeB. the museum was the biggest one in the worldC. they were not int

47、erested in the things in itD. they had only one hour to see all the things in it5. The passage is mainly about_.A. Sir Hans SloaneB. George C. the history of the British MuseumD. the books of the museum答案與解析：一、1. C本句用從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。本句如果使用as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句或用for連接并列句，句子時(shí)態(tài)要調(diào)整：People behind you are unhappy as

48、you have talked too long on the phone.People behind you are unhappy, for you have talked too long on the phone.2. Aif用來連接條件狀語從句，and或or用來連接并列句，所以用if就不能用后兩個(gè)并列連詞。3. Cwhile在這兒連接一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語，表示與主句同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動作。4. C“notuntil”句型表示“不到就不（要）”或“直到才”。5. C本句的最佳答案是after，而until不能使用，除非將主句改為否定句：I didnt go to bed until all the T

49、V programmes were over.6. B本句中用where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。7. Athough與but不能并用；可只用but，但句子開頭須大寫。8. Bafter引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，明確表示從句動詞表示的動作先于主句動詞表示的動作。9. Abefore引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，明確表示主句動詞表示的動作先于從句動詞表示的動作。10. Bas soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示從句動作一發(fā)生，主句動作即發(fā)生。由于兩個(gè)動作連接緊密，所以從句中不一定要用過去完成時(shí)。二、1. He didnt pass the exam because he hadnt gone over his lessons. 用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句置主句之后。2. Since you have got enough money, you can buy the dictionar