1、過去完成式一、過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）。-|- |-|-那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在構(gòu)成：過去完成時由助動詞 had + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，其中 had 通用于各種人稱。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.二、過去完成時的主要用法1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在過去的過去。如：When I woke up, it had stopped rai

2、ning.我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去）2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是過去的過去，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 )3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與 already，yet ，still ，just ，before ，never 等時間副詞及 by ，before ，until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如：Before she came to China

3、, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼

4、續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）三、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為助動詞 have (has) + 過去分詞；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。試比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。- Im sorry t

5、o keep you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。- John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。- Where had he been? 他去哪兒了？四、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去；而一般過去時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。試比較：They had arrived at the station

6、by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。如：She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過

7、去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。如：He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.I (had) called her before I left the office.過去完成時可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法和打算，通常連用的動詞是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等.練習(xí)：一、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空

8、一詞)。1.I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ _ _ learned English ?4.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改寫)I _ just _ a new bike.5.We began to learn Engl

9、ish three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _English _three years.二、 用for 或since填空1. Jill has been in Ireland _Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia _ 15 days. 4. Margaret is in her office.She has been there_ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6.

10、 The bus is late.Weve been waiting _20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty_ many years.8. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital October.9. We have learned five lessons _he beginning of this term.10. Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week.三、A.用 already或 y

11、et1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.B. 用have gone或 have been1) Where are the boy students ?They _to the school factory.2) Is your father in?No, he _to Shenzhen._ he ever_there before?Yes, h

12、e _there several times3) He asked me if I _to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _never _ to that city before.四、選擇填空：1. Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave triedC. has madetried D. madetried2 “He _to draw h

13、orses already”.When _ he ?” “ Last year “A. learnedhas B. learneddidC. has learnedhas D. has learneddid3._you _the text yet?Yes,we_it two hours ago.A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad4. “Why _ she _angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .”A. didgetshouted B. hasgotshouted

14、C. didgethas shouted D. hasgothas shouted5. _you _the film before?Where_you _it?A.Haveseendidsee B. Did seedidwatchC. Haveseenhaveseen D. Did seehaveseen6.You _me waiting for two hours. I_for you since five.A. keptwaited B. have keptwaitedC. kepthave waited D. have kepthave waited7.Where _ John _ ?

15、To the library. He _there for an hour.A. hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas beenC. didgowent D. didbewent8. I _the way.I_here for quite many years.A. knewhave lived B. knewliveC. knowhave lived D. knowlive9. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have.A. Havegone to B. Havegone inC. Havebeen to D. Have been in10.

16、 My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been toC. has been in D. has been at現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果, 過去完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)對過去的影響或結(jié)果。練習(xí)：一、單項選擇1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by

17、 the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents r

18、eached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with

19、 D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at10. He _ to play _ before he was 11

20、years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. wil

21、l work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football. A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned

22、C. learned D. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A.has arrived B.was arriving C.arrived D.had arrived

23、19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in one hour. A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on

24、D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _ while he _ TV. A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatchedC. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched2. 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2.

25、 That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom

26、_ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words

27、 by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet.17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before.19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).3句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）_2.Sh