1、最新人教版八年級(jí)下冊英語全冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全 Unit 1重點(diǎn)短語:have a stomachache have a cold lie downtake ones temperature have a fever go to a doctorto ones surprise agree to (do sth.) get into troublebe used to take risks run out (of)cut off get out of be in control ofkeep on ( doing sth.） give up 語言知識(shí)歸納：1. Whats the matter (wi

2、th you)? 此句用來詢問別人的病情。類似的句子還有： Whats wrong with you?/ Whats the trouble? matter作動(dòng)詞用，意為“要緊”“有關(guān)系”，主要用于疑問句和否定句。 What does it matter? It doesnt matter.【例題】Does it _ if we cant finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名詞”. have a cold have a f

3、ever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough【例題】( )-Does he often have _ cold? -Yes. He also _a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下單詞詞義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie說謊liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying 4.Thats probably why. 那可能就是原因。 probably

4、意為“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一種近乎肯定的意思。5. hurt v. 使受傷；傷害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔傷的時(shí)候傷了腿。 My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party.他沒有請我參加聚會(huì)使我很傷心。6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping.公交車司機(jī)，24歲的王平 24-year-old 是用連字符連接數(shù)字和名詞所構(gòu)成的一個(gè)形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“24歲的”。 （名詞必須用單數(shù)，常用在名詞前做定語） 【例題】A_girl name

5、d DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7. expect vt. 期待；預(yù)期；期盼 expect的常見用法:expect+名詞/代詞Theoldmanisexpectinghisdaughtersvisit.expect to do sth.Iexpecttogetabirthdaypresentfrommydad.expect sb. to do sth.DoyouexpecthimtoteachyouEnglish?expec

6、t +從句Iexpectthatyouwillgettheresoon.【辨析】expect與look forward to 兩者都有期待的意思 look forward to doing sth. Im looking forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise.但是令他吃驚的是 to ones surprise 表示“令人驚奇的是”，相當(dāng)于“主語+be+surprised” To his surprise, he found the girl was bind. = He was surprised to find the girl was b

7、lind. 令他驚奇的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩是個(gè)盲人。 【拓展】in surprise表示“驚奇的”，相當(dāng)于副詞性短語，用來修飾動(dòng)詞。 The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那兩個(gè)女孩驚奇地互相看著。 be surprised at表示“對感到驚訝”。 We are very surprised at the news. 聽到這個(gè)消息，我們很詫異。 surprising 表示“使人驚奇的”，作表語時(shí)，主語是事物。9. They dont want any trouble. 他們不想惹麻煩。 trouble用作名詞，意為“煩惱，困難，麻煩，疾

8、病等”。 His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充滿了煩惱。 Whats the trouble? 怎么了？ trouble用作動(dòng)詞，意為“麻煩，打擾”。 Im sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打擾你。 【拓展】與trouble相關(guān)的短語in trouble處于困境中 get into trouble陷入困境Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難【例題】-How is your English study? -Not bad. But I_learning English grammar. A. am interest

9、ed B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble10. 辨析 used to do sth. 與 be used to sth. / doing sth. 過去常常 習(xí)慣于某事/做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end, I got used to doing hard work.11. 辨析 run out 與run out of人+ run out of They have run out of

10、the water.物+ run out (不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)） The money is running out. 【例題】選出能代替句中畫線部分的一項(xiàng) ( ) Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now. A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of12. make decisions = make a decision 作出決定decision為decide的名詞形式make a decision to do sth. = decide

11、 to do sth.13. be in control of 管理；控制 A teacher should be in control of his class.重點(diǎn)語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法 （1）should后接動(dòng)詞原形，變否定句在should后加not, 變一般疑問句時(shí)將should提前。 （2）should常用于以下兩種情況： 提出建議 You looked tired. You should lie down and rest. 表推測，意為“該，按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”。 Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute. Unit 2

12、Ill help to clean up the city parks.重點(diǎn)短語:clean up by oneself cheer upput off give out put onused to give away take afterset up make a difference care forcome up with 語言知識(shí)歸納：1. give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放【拓展】give構(gòu)成的短語還有：give away 贈(zèng)給，贈(zèng)送 give in 屈服，投降give up 放棄 give off 發(fā)出（氣味、光、熱等）2.come up with 提出，想出 (1)表示“想出或提出”，

13、相當(dāng)于think of I think she can come up with a good idea (2)come up with還可表示 “趕上”,相當(dāng)于catch up with. We should study hard to come up with them 【例題】( ) We must _a plan to improve your math. A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up3. Iv run out of it. 我已經(jīng)把它用完了。 run out of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主語一般是人。

14、【拓展】run out of 還可表示“從跑出來”。 Bill ran out of the room. Bill從房間里跑出來。 run構(gòu)成的短語還有 run away 逃走 run after追趕 run into difficulties遇到困難 【例題】( ) When your money_, please come to me for some. A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out4. I take after my mother.我長得像我媽媽。 【辨析】take after 與look li

15、ke take after意為“長得像，行為、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的長輩。 The boy takes after his father. 這個(gè)男孩長得像他爸爸。 look like 可以用于所有場合，既可指人也可指物，僅指外表看上去像。 The man looks like our teacher. 這個(gè)男的看起來像我們的老師。 The rainbow looks like a bridge. 彩虹看上去像一座橋。 【拓展】take 構(gòu)成的短語 take up take off take place take ones time take care 【例題】( ) -Youve real

16、ly beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I _my mother. A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for語氣。 翻譯短語位at most,意為“至多，最多”。 He kept me waiting at least an hour. There were fifty people there at most.3. all the time 一直；總是 Things are changing all the time.事情一直在變化。 【拓展】time相關(guān)的短語 on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) at the

17、 same time同時(shí) in time及時(shí) From time to time偶爾 the first time第一次 【例題】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項(xiàng)。 ( ) I always go shopping on Friday. A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way5. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一樣累。 as.as意為“和一樣”,表示同級(jí)比較。as.as中間要用形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。 This story is as interesting as that one. 這個(gè)故事

18、和那個(gè)一樣有趣。 否定式為not as/so.as,意為“不如”。 The garden is not so beautiful as you thought. 【例題】( ) He speaks French well, but of course not_a person born in France. A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.一個(gè)星期，她不做家務(wù)，我也不做

19、家務(wù)。we drive, _pollution our city will have. A. the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less C. The more; the fewer D. the more; the less 11. in order to 的用法 (1) in order to意為“為了”，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，后接動(dòng)詞原形。 In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. We have to study hard in order to pass the exam. In o

20、rder not to be late for school, she took a taxi.(2) 含in order to的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛蓅o that或in order that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 She ran quickly in order to catch the bus. She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus. She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.12. as a result的用法as a result用于引出結(jié)果，常用于兩個(gè)句子之間，其中一個(gè)

21、是另一個(gè)的結(jié)果，且前后用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將兩個(gè)句子隔開，意為“結(jié)果是”。He didnt listen carefully. As a result, he couldnt work out the maths problem.【注】as a result of 的意思是“由于，因?yàn)椤保?相當(dāng)于because of。 Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain. 【例題】( ) The boy studied hard. _, he passed the exam. A.

22、 Ia fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?重點(diǎn)短語: look through work out get on with cut out compare.with in ones opinion a big deal so that get into a fight communicate with not.until. call sb. up instead of 語言知識(shí)歸納：1. Why dont you talk to your parents? Wh

23、y dont you do sth.= Why not do sth. “為什么不?”【拓展】提出建議的句型 What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么樣？ Shall we do sth.? 我們做某事好嗎？ Youd better(not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。 Why dont you do sth. 為什么不做某事呢？ Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事嗎？2. allow v. 允許，許可 allow sb. to do sth. “允許某人做某事“My parents allow me to play compu

24、ter game on weekends. allow doing sth. “允許做某事”She doesnt allow smoking in her house. allow+名詞We cant allow such a thing. 【例題】( ) Do you often allow_until 11:00 p.m. A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up3. work out 產(chǎn)生效果，進(jìn)展 Things worked out quite well for us. 對我們來說，事情進(jìn)展很好。 He worked o

25、ut the maths problem. 他算出了這道數(shù)學(xué)題。 Can you work out the problem alone? 你一個(gè)人能把問題搞清楚嗎？4. communicate v. 交流信息；溝通 I cant communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我無法同他們進(jìn)行交流。 communication n.交流 People cant get on well with each other without communication. 沒有交流，人們就無法相處得好。 【例題】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項(xiàng)。 ( )People choose

26、 to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail. A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate5. argue vi. 爭論；爭吵 argue with sb. 與某人爭論 Dont argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母爭論。 argue的名詞形式是 “argument”, have an argument with sb. 與某人辯論。 Alice hand an argument with her best friend. 【例題】( )I never argue _my paren

27、ts. A.in B.to C.for D.with6. instead adv. 代替，頂替 If you are busy, you may come another day instead.【辨析】instead 與instead of instead副詞舍前取后，可單獨(dú)使用，位于句首或句末。instead of介詞短語舍后取前，后面常跟名詞，代詞及動(dòng)詞ing。He didnt answer. He asked his father instead.We eat rice instead of noodles.【例題】( ) What a nice day! We should go s

28、ightseeing _watching TV in the hotel. A.because of B. instead of C.together with D.out7. offer v. 提供；提出；建議 offer 做“提供”講時(shí)，可接雙賓語。 offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物 The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the man a cup of tea. offer還有“提出，建議”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主動(dòng)提出做某事。 The

29、old man offered to lend the boy some money. 【例題】( ) The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus. A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought 8. And they are always comparing them with other children. compare 作動(dòng)詞，意為“比較， 和相比”。 compare.with. 把同相比較 Parents shouldnt always compare their childre

30、n with others. 父母們不該總是把自己的孩子同別人相比較。 compare.to. 把比作 People often compare the life to a stage. 人們常把生活比作一個(gè)舞臺(tái)。 【例題】( ) My handwriting can not be compared_ my fathers. A. to B. with C. on D.for 10. My cousin borrows my things without returning them. return 意為“歸還”，其后可接雙賓語 return sb. sth. = return sth. to

31、 sb. Dont forget to return me the keys. return 還有“返回”的意思，相當(dāng)于go back, 后接地點(diǎn)時(shí)需要介詞to。 He 作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，在while引導(dǎo)的從句中，其謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生。 While I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door. when意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”，動(dòng)作有一前一后的意思。 When I passed that room I heard someone singing. while 作連詞時(shí)也可理解為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 I li

32、ke apples while my sister doesnt.【例題】( ) Tom likes reading a newspaper_he is having breakfast. A.until B.while C.because D.though ( )Mary was talking on the phone _someone knocked at the door. A.while B.before C.when D.after2. make sure 查明；確信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. make sure that + 從

33、句【例題】( ) Read your English paper again and _there is no mistake in it before you hand it in. A.make sure B.turn up C.come out D.look for3. I got to the bus stop but I still missed the bus. get意為“到達(dá)”時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，要加介詞to。 How can I get to the nearest supermarket ? 表示“到達(dá)”的三種形式： arrive 意為到達(dá) at + 小地點(diǎn)

34、 arrive in + 大地點(diǎn) get to 后接地點(diǎn)名詞。 He got to school at 7:00 this morning. reach意為“到達(dá)”，是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞。 When did you reach America? 【例題】( ) Please write to me as soon as you _ your school. A.get to B.reach to C.arrive D.come ( ) -When did your aunt_in Shandong? -Yesterday afternoon. A.reach B.get C.arri

35、ve D.come 4. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history. hear動(dòng)詞, 意為“聽說”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為： hear sb. do sth. 聽見某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 聽見某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb. /sth. 聽說某人或某事 hear from sb. 收到某人的來信 hear + that從句 聽說 【例題】( )Tom likes to _others but he neve

36、r writes to them. A.hear B.hear of C.hear about D.hear from ( )-When did you _the news? -Just now. A.hear about B.hear from C.heard D.hearing5. I played the song without any mistakes. without介詞,意為“無；沒有”，其反義詞為with,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing。 Fish cant live without water. He went to work without having breakfast.

37、【例題】她沒敲門就進(jìn)了房間。 She entered the room_ _at the door. 你不戴眼鏡能看得清東西嗎？ Can you see clearly _your _ Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.重點(diǎn)短語: a little bit instead of o once upon a time fall in love get married as soon as instead of give birth to be born o 語言知識(shí)歸納：1. try的用法 try to d

38、o sth. 盡力做某事 He is trying to learn English. try doing sth. 試著做某事 You should try taking more exercise. try ones best 盡力 Ill try my best to help him. try on 試穿 Would you like to try this dress on?2. remind vt. 使想起，提醒 remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事 The song remind me of my childhood. remind sb. to do

39、 sth. 提醒某人做某事 Peter reminded her to attend the meeting on time.4. What do you think of .? 你認(rèn)為怎么樣？ What do you think of .? = How do you like.? 注：think后接動(dòng)名詞，like后接帶to的不定式 如：What do you think of going climbing tomorrow? =How do you like to go climbing tomorrow? 你認(rèn)為明天去爬山怎么樣？ 【例題】( ) -_do you think of th

40、e football match? -Its perfect. Its more exciting than_match that I have ever watched. A. How; any other B. How; any others C. What; any other D. What; any others 5. Neither of you is wrong. 你們兩個(gè)都沒錯(cuò)。 neither 兩者都不；也不 e.g. Neither of the ideas is good. I like neither subject. neither 作連詞，表示“既不也不”，連接兩個(gè)

41、主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要遵循就近原則。 e.g. Neither you nor he is in this team. Neither he nor I am a teacher. 【例題】( ) -Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walk man? -_. I prefer a computer. A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither 5. unless的用法 unl A.enough; to B.as;as C.so; that 7. as soon as 一就 as soon as 為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 當(dāng)主

42、句是一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)”。e.g. Ill tell her about the matter as soon as she returns home. Ill ring you up as soon as I got to Sanya. 【例題】( )-Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? -Sure. Ill give it to her_she arrives here. A.before B.until C.because D.as soon as8. the whole family 全家 w

43、hole的用法 作形容詞，意為“全部的；完整的”。 the whole night 整夜 in the whole world 全世界 作名詞，意為“全部，全體，整個(gè)”。 as a whole作為整體 the whole of China 整個(gè)中國 【辨析】whole 與 allwhole一般位于冠詞、所有格或別的限定詞之后，而all則位于這些詞之前 all the time/ the whole time 整個(gè)時(shí)間 all my life/ my whole life 我的一生 all the class/ the whole class 整個(gè)班級(jí) 【例題】( ) Alison has be

44、en skating for_two hours. A.the all B.whole the C.the whole D.all of9. be made of 與 be made from 由制成 be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可以看出原材料The desks are made of wood. be made from 看不出原材料，屬于化學(xué)變化Paper is made of wood.【例題】( )This pair of shoes_by hand, and it _very comfortable. A.is made from; is felt B.are made

45、of; feels C.is made by; feels Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?重點(diǎn)短語: feel free as far as I know in the face of even though at birth walk into fall over or so take in many times endangered animals achieve ones dream 語言知識(shí)歸納：2. 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的特殊句型 “get/ become + 形容詞比較級(jí) + and + 形容詞比較級(jí) ”表示“變得越來越”，

46、當(dāng)形容詞為多音節(jié)詞（少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞）時(shí)，用 “ more and more + 原級(jí)”。It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. “the + 形容詞比較級(jí)，the + 形容詞比較級(jí)”意為“越就越”。The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. “one of the +最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最之一”。Chengdu is one of the most beautiful cities in China. This is/was + the +最高級(jí)+

47、名詞+that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 This is the most interesting story I have ever read. 三級(jí)句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 形容詞比較級(jí)+than any other+單數(shù)名詞 This book is more difficult than any other book here. = This book is the most difficult of all. 形容詞比較級(jí)+than the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 Bill is taller than the other students in his class. 同級(jí)比較用as.as., 否定式為not as/so.as. He is as tall as his father. He is not as tall as his father.“more+形容詞”與“l(fā)ess+形容詞”及“not so/as .as”的互換。 This question is more difficult t