1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)）詞匯部分詞語(yǔ)辨析1. discover / find / invent 2. hope / wish / expect 3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate 4. set off / set out / set about詞形變化1. mercy n.仁慈，寬容merciful adj. 寬恕的merciless adj.殘忍的；無(wú)情的2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，魯莽的abruptly adv.突然地；粗魯?shù)?. expect vt

2、. 期待，預(yù)期，指望expectation n. 期待，預(yù)料，指望，展望unexpected. adj. 想不到的，未預(yù)料unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地，想不到地4. freeze v.(使)凍結(jié)，(使)結(jié)冰 n.凍結(jié)；冰凍期freezing n. 冰點(diǎn) adj. 冰凍的，嚴(yán)寒的/5. practise vt.&vi. 實(shí)行；練習(xí)；實(shí)習(xí)practice n. 練習(xí)，實(shí)習(xí)，實(shí)踐，習(xí)俗practical adj.實(shí)際的，實(shí)踐的，實(shí)用的重點(diǎn)單詞 1. distinguish 辨別；辨認(rèn)；（常與from, between連用）區(qū)別；區(qū)分 2. convenient adj.便利的，方便

3、的3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占據(jù)；（指強(qiáng)烈的感情）突然影響或控制（某人） 4. file n.c 文件；檔案 vt. 把歸檔 5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 懸掛，附著 vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，絞死重點(diǎn)詞組1. call up征召；召集服兵役；喚起；使人回憶；帶入心中；打電話給某人2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 開(kāi)始（某工作）；著手做某事3. (every) now and then/again 時(shí)而；偶爾；有時(shí)4. out of order次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障5. get through

4、用完，消耗掉；（設(shè)法）做或完成某事；通過(guò)；與某人聯(lián)系6. ring back 回復(fù)電話 7. in case 因?yàn)榭赡馨l(fā)生某事；以防萬(wàn)一；萬(wàn)一 重點(diǎn)句型1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, whic

5、h freezes hard when cooled.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法部分）語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)（模塊）.詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. discover / find / invent【解釋】discover表示“偶然”或“經(jīng)過(guò)努力”發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀存在的事物、真理或錯(cuò)誤。find意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到”，指對(duì)某種事物的尋求，也指對(duì)丟失的事物的找到。invent 指設(shè)計(jì)或制造原來(lái)沒(méi)有的東西?！揪毩?xí)】用discover，find，invent的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). Columbus _ America in 1492. 2). You will _ it a difficul

6、t book.3). When did you _ that she s married? 4). I ve _ the book I was hunting for.5). Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876. Keys: 1). discovered 2). find 3). found 4). discover 5). invented2. hope / wish / expect【解釋】hope 后面只能接不定式和that從句，表示一種有信心的可實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望。注意： hope后不能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也不能用hope sb. to do

7、 sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。 省略答語(yǔ)中，not不可放在hope前，如不能說(shuō)I don t hope so.只能說(shuō)I hope not. wish 通常表示有某種未實(shí)現(xiàn)或無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的欲望或希望，wish后跟從句時(shí)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。expect 表示“預(yù)期，盼望，期待，料想”，后面可跟名詞、代詞、不定式，that從句等。 【練習(xí)】用hope，wish，expect的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). We _ that our children will carry on our family traditions. 2). I _ you a very happy future.3). What do you _ me t

8、o do? 4). Most of the parents _ much of their children.5). I am _ a letter from her.6). I _ I were really wealthy. Keys: 1). hope 2). wish 3). wish / expect 4). expect 5). expecting 6). wish3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate 【解釋】bear強(qiáng)調(diào)忍受者對(duì)痛苦、憂慮、煩惱以及責(zé)任的承受力，常用于否定句中。endure意為“經(jīng)受長(zhǎng)期的艱難、困苦或折磨而不屈服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)持久力和意

9、志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，常用于否定句中。stand強(qiáng)調(diào)不屈不撓或經(jīng)受得起，常用于否定句中。tolerate意為“忍受某人或某種行為而不反抗”，語(yǔ)氣最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句?！揪毩?xí)】用bear，endure，stand，tolerate的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). Our tent won t _ another storm like the last one. 2). I can t _ to wait any longer.3). She s already had to _ three painful operations on her leg. 4). I will not _ that sort of b

10、ehaviour in my class. Keys: 1). stand 2). bear 3). endure 4). tolerate4. set off / set out / set about【解釋】set off “出發(fā)”，側(cè)重于去某個(gè)地方。set out “出發(fā)，開(kāi)始”，側(cè)重于開(kāi)始做某事，還有規(guī)劃，展現(xiàn)的意思，后加不定式。set about “開(kāi)始，著手”，與set out意思相近，后加v-ing形式?！揪毩?xí)】用set off，set out，set about的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). They succeeded in what they had _ to do. 2). Ha

11、ving made up his mind, he _ carrying out the plan.3). If you want to catch that train we d better _ for the station immediately. Keys: 1). set out 2). set about 3). set off .詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）1. mercy n.仁慈，寬容merciful adj. 寬恕的merciless adj.殘忍的；無(wú)情的2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，魯莽的abruptly adv.突然地；粗魯?shù)?. e

12、xpect vt. 期待，預(yù)期，指望expectation n. 期待，預(yù)料，指望，展望unexpected. adj. 想不到的，未預(yù)料unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地，想不到地4. freeze v.(使)凍結(jié)，(使)結(jié)冰 n.凍結(jié)；冰凍期freezing n. 冰點(diǎn) adj. 冰凍的，嚴(yán)寒的/5. practise vt.&vi. 實(shí)行；練習(xí)；實(shí)習(xí)practice n. 練習(xí)，實(shí)習(xí)，實(shí)踐，習(xí)俗practical adj.實(shí)際的，實(shí)踐的，實(shí)用的【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). This result was beyond my wildest _ (expect

13、).2). She was subjected to the _ (mercy) criticism of her opponents.3). They asked her to be _ (mercy) to the prisoners. 4). We must put our plans into _ (practise). 5). Your invention is very _ (practice). 6). The young girl practices _ (play) the violin every day. 7). His father died _ (expect), a

14、nd it was ten years since they were last together. 8). We were _ (freeze) cold in the tent last night. 9). Our conversation came to an _ (abruptly) end when George burst into the room.Keys: 1). expectation 2). merciless 3). merciful 4). practice5). practical6). playing 7). unexpectedly 8). freezing

15、9). abrupt .重點(diǎn)詞匯（旨在提供詞匯綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. distinguish 辨別；辨認(rèn)；（常與from, between連用）區(qū)別；區(qū)分典例1). I can distinguish them at a distance. 從遠(yuǎn)處我能認(rèn)出他們。2). The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom這個(gè)人因智慧而揚(yáng)名。重點(diǎn)用法distinguish A from B 辨別A與B be distinguished from不同于be distinguished by 以為特征 be distinguished for 因而著稱disting

16、uish oneself 顯揚(yáng)自己；使自己揚(yáng)名練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或翻譯。1). Can you distinguish _ those two objects? 2). Children should be taught to _ _ _ _ (分辨好壞).3). Speech distinguishes human beings _ the animals. 4). The Chinese nation is distinguished _ its diligence and courage.Keys: 1). between 2). distinguish righ

17、t from wrong 3). from 4). for 2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的convenience n.便利，方便 conveniently adv.便利地典例1). Is it convenient for you to come next Sunday? 下個(gè)星期天你方便來(lái)嗎？2). I can t see him now; it s not convenient. 我現(xiàn)在不便見(jiàn)他。 重點(diǎn)用法be convenient to sb. 對(duì)某人方便 It is convenient (for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事方便練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求

18、在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). Come and see me _ _ _ _ _ (無(wú)論你何時(shí)方便).2). We must arrange a _ (convenience) time and place for the meeting.3). I keep my reference books near by desk for _ (convenient).Keys: 1). whenever it s convenient to you 2). convenient 3). convenience3. seize vt. 抓住，捉?。徽紦?jù)；（指強(qiáng)烈的感情 愿望等）突然影響或控制（某

19、人）典例1). She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕。2). Panic seized us. 我們驚恐萬(wàn)狀。重點(diǎn)用法seize hold of sth 抓住某物seize a chance / an opportunity 抓住時(shí)機(jī)seize on/upon sth 意識(shí)到某事物而立即加以利用4. file n.c 文件；檔案 vt. 把歸檔 典例1). Here are our files on the results of the business in the past five years. 這是我們過(guò)去五年來(lái)經(jīng)營(yíng)成績(jī)的案卷。2). Please f

20、ile this paper away, Miss Mary. 瑪麗小姐，請(qǐng)把這份文件歸檔。重點(diǎn)用法haveopenkeep a file on存有設(shè)立保存的檔案5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 懸掛，附著；懸掛著 vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，絞死典例1). His pictures were hung in the Museum of Modem Arts. 他的畫(huà)在現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)館展出。2). The man was hanged for murder. 那男子因謀殺罪被處絞刑。重點(diǎn)用法hang about 閑待著，終日無(wú)所事事；閑蕩 hang on

21、 緊握著；(電話用語(yǔ))別掛斷hang up 掛；掛斷電話；延遲；推遲或擱置.重點(diǎn)詞組（旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. call up 征召；召集服兵役；喚起；使人回憶；帶入心中；打電話給某人典例1). He called me up to tell me the good news. 他打電話給我并告訴我這個(gè)好消息。2). I was called up three months after war broke out. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后的第三個(gè)月，我應(yīng)征入伍。短語(yǔ)歸納 call短語(yǔ)：call back 召回；回電話；收回處理call on/at 拜訪(on后跟人；at后跟地點(diǎn)名詞)call for

22、 要求，提倡，為叫喊call forth 使產(chǎn)生；引起；使起作用call in 召集，召來(lái)，來(lái)訪call off 取消；取消或延期：call out 出動(dòng)，喚起，大聲叫喚練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞。1). This is the work that calls _ patience. 2). Human Rights groups are calling _ the release of political prisoners. 3). He had to _ the meeting because of the bad weather.4). I ll call _ h

23、im tomorrow do you want to visit him with me?5). The company has called _ all such models as built in 1990.6). The government then called _ troops to deal with the disturbances.7). The old photo calls _ memories of my childhood. Keys: 1). for 2). for 3). off 4). on 5). back 6). in 7). up 2. set abou

24、t sth/doing sth (不用於被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 開(kāi)始（某工作）； 著手做某事典例 1). I must set about my packing. 我得開(kāi)始收拾行李了。2). The new government must set about finding solutions to the country s economic problems. 新政府必須立即找出解決國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的辦法。 短語(yǔ)歸納 set短語(yǔ)：set sth aside 將某事物放在一邊；（為某目的）節(jié)省或保留（錢或時(shí)間）set sth down 將某事物記在紙上； 寫(xiě)下來(lái) set out 從某地出發(fā)上路set off

25、 開(kāi)始（旅行、賽跑等） set sth off 使（炸彈、地雷等）爆炸set to 精力充沛地開(kāi)始做某事 set sth up 擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)（體育）記錄練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1). I don t know how to set _ this job. 2). She set _ a new world record time _ the 100 metres. 3). They set _ on the last stage _ their journey. 4). How do senior managers set _ making these decisio

26、ns? Keys: 1). about 2). up; in 3). out; of 4). about 3. (every) now and then/again 時(shí)而；偶爾；有時(shí)典例 1). I like to go to the opera now and then. 我喜歡偶爾去看歌劇。2). Every now and again she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她時(shí)而到樓上看看他是否還在睡著。短語(yǔ)歸納 now短語(yǔ)：now (that). 由於；既然 right now 此刻；現(xiàn)在 by now 到目前為止just n

27、ow 剛才 from now on 從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始 4. out of order次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障典例Our airconditioner is out of order. 我們的冷氣機(jī)出故障了。短語(yǔ)歸納 order短語(yǔ)：in order 整齊，狀況良好，適宜，按順序in order that后接從句，而in order to后接動(dòng)詞原形5. get through 用完，消耗掉；（設(shè)法）做或完成某事；通過(guò)（與某人）聯(lián)系（尤指通電話）典例1). I ve got through a lot of correspondence today. 今天我處理了一大批信件。2). I tried ring

28、ing you several times yesterday but I couldn t get through (to you). 昨天我給你打了幾次電話, 可是都沒(méi)（和你）接通。短語(yǔ)歸納 get短語(yǔ)：get (sth) across (to sb)（使某事）傳播或?yàn)槿死斫鈍et ahead (of sb) 領(lǐng)先（於某人）get along with sb 與某人合得來(lái)；與某人和睦相處get on/along with sth 取得進(jìn)展get away (from sb/.) 逃離或擺脫開(kāi)（某人或某地）get off 離開(kāi)某地或出發(fā)get away with sth 偷攜某物潛逃；不因某

29、事受懲罰get by (on sth)（靠某物）勉強(qiáng)維生；設(shè)法維持；對(duì)付 get over sth overcome克服；戰(zhàn)勝；掌握get down to sth/doing sth 開(kāi)始做某事；重視某事物；認(rèn)真處理某事6. ring back 回復(fù)電話典例1). I ll ask him to ring you back. 我會(huì)叫他給你回電話。2). He rang off before I could answer it. 我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及接他就掛斷了。短語(yǔ)歸納 ring短語(yǔ)：ring.up 給打電話 ring off 掛斷電話 give sb. a ring給某人打電話7. in case

30、因?yàn)榭赡馨l(fā)生某事；以防萬(wàn)一；萬(wàn)一典例It may rain you d better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨-你最好帶把傘，以防萬(wàn)一（下起來(lái)）。短語(yǔ)歸納 case短語(yǔ)：in case of sth 若發(fā)生某事；假如 in any case 無(wú)論如何；總之in no case 在任何情形下決不；無(wú)論如何都不in that case 既然那樣；假若是那樣的話.重點(diǎn)句子（旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products

31、 that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 我先看看有沒(méi)有能派得上用場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)品，好象只有一些用來(lái)殺死蛇的藥粉。解釋 (1) 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be的人稱與數(shù)應(yīng)遵循就近一致原則： There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the comer of the house. There are two chairs and a bucket of water in the comer of the house.(2) there

32、 be常見(jiàn)的形式有：there seems to be.there happens to be.there used to be.(3) seem的歸納總結(jié)： sth.sb. seem (to be)+adj.名詞好像 It seems that. 似乎，好像 It seems to sb that. 在某人看來(lái)好像 It seems as ifas though. 看起來(lái)好像(后可接虛擬語(yǔ)氣，這可接表真實(shí)的表語(yǔ)從句。) It seems as if it were going to rain. 看起來(lái)好像要下雨了。(天氣好得很，不會(huì)下雨。) It seems as if it is going to rain. 看起來(lái)好像要下雨了。(真的快要下雨了。) There seems (to be) 好象 練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1). The child seems _ (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned. 2). It seems to me _ there s something funny about the case.3). There doesn t seem _ (be) much h