1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法（動(dòng)詞不定式）1不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式指通常由to加上動(dòng)詞原形 (如to write) 所構(gòu)成的一種非限定性動(dòng)詞形式，但在有些情況下to可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式有進(jìn)行體和完成體(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被動(dòng)態(tài)(如to be written)，所有的主動(dòng)詞，不論是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞，也不論是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞還是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，都有不定式形式。助動(dòng)詞除be和have外， 沒(méi)有不定式形式。動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法功能上可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。2不定式的用法1)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)1.Te get contact with his family in

2、 Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情況下，如果不定式較長(zhǎng)，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語(yǔ)(形式主語(yǔ)it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放到后面。如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separ

3、ated more than 40 years ago2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，通常可以通過(guò)for sb. to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2.It is not difficult for those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容詞(如care

4、less，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式后可以加of來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2)不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)有兩種：一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式， 另一種是“及物動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式。及物動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu):只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞，常見的有: afford， agree

5、， aim， appear， ask， believe， care，claim，decide demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish等。1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me th

6、e way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)代(副)詞+不定式：這類動(dòng)詞常見的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常見的疑問(wèn)代(副)詞有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。1.He does not know when to start.2.You

7、can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有時(shí)，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：動(dòng)詞(如find， think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容詞+不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)后面能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

8、有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。 We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那個(gè)姑娘決定自己做那件事。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的注意事項(xiàng)（2點(diǎn)）1. 有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但含義不同： remember to do 記住要做某事 remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事 forget to do忘記要做某事 forget doing

9、忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事 stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)在做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我記得以前在哪兒見過(guò)你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.離開時(shí)請(qǐng)記得關(guān)好燈。 2. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)（形容詞、名詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He found it very difficu

10、lt to get to sleep. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1. 后面能接to不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習(xí)一。I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自行車。2. 使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to

11、的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 Lets have a rest. 我們休息一會(huì)吧。 I saw him come in. 我看見他進(jìn)來(lái)了。感官動(dòng)詞后既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，也可跟v-ing作賓補(bǔ)，前者表示動(dòng)作的全部過(guò)程已結(jié)束；后者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。（說(shuō)明他下樓了這件事） I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。（說(shuō)明他下樓時(shí)的情景）3)不定式做表語(yǔ)一種情況為主語(yǔ)是不定式(表示條件)；表語(yǔ)也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)：1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to ear

12、n a living另一種情況為主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish等名詞為中心的短語(yǔ)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4)不定

13、式作定語(yǔ) 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語(yǔ)主要有三種類型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。例如：1.There was really nothing to fear 2.He gave me an interesting book to read如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with2.That girl has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to4.Although the film had been on for

14、 ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意義的名詞：ability， attempt， effort， impulse

15、， inclination，wish等。例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.I have no wish to quarrel with you3. Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.5)不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語(yǔ)從句。例如作原因狀語(yǔ)：1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the are

16、a2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area3.He was lucky to arrive before dark4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark.原因狀語(yǔ)，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)My dogs name is “Lucky”a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.2)On Monday h

17、e told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. 作目的狀語(yǔ)：1.She raised her voice to be heared better2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam.目的狀語(yǔ)，置于句首或句末，置

18、于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.(p.93)2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. (p.50)to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的狀語(yǔ)，置句末時(shí)都可以用，置句首時(shí)只用to do /

19、 in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，in order to do不引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone4

20、.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多見于“too.to”，“enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)Then Im too tired to do well. What should I do?(p.28)2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.(p.56)有些動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常說(shuō)明前面形容詞的性質(zhì)和特性。動(dòng)詞不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式前面的形容詞一般是：cheap, dangerous, di

21、fficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。. the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.(p.116)這類句子中的動(dòng)詞不定式可改為主語(yǔ)。5.獨(dú)立動(dòng)詞不定式多用作插入語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的心理狀態(tài)或?qū)κ虑榈目捶?。如?)Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.(p.50)2)To begin with, she sp

22、oke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. (p.6)不帶to的不定式的使用動(dòng)詞不定式通常帶to，但在有些搭配中不帶to，在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納起來(lái)，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：1) 在cancould， /maymight，willwould，shallshould，must， need，dare等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。2)在表示感覺意義的動(dòng)詞，如see初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，如have，let，ma

23、ke等后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。例如：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard2.I must have him see his own mistakes但是，當(dāng)這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to不定式。例如：1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard2.After he had finished speaking，he was made to answer innumerable questions3)在動(dòng)詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶

24、to的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在had better，would rather，maymight as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but(不得不) criticize his foolish behaviour.5) 在make do，make

25、believe，let drop，1et fall，1et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：1.They let go off the rope他們松開了繩子。2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。3.Ive heard tell of him我聽說(shuō)過(guò)他。4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students由于生源不足，一些教職員工被

26、解雇了。6)在介詞but初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，except之后，如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to，反之則必須帶to，表示“不得不初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，只能”。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but

27、 to wait till it stopped raining下面一些短語(yǔ)是固定搭配，不帶to：can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有do，to省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一個(gè)固定搭配，就帶to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7)緊跟在why或why not之后的動(dòng)

28、詞不定式總是不帶to。但是，緊跟在who，what，which，whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning?You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or science不定式的完成式和進(jìn)行式1)構(gòu)成完成式：to+ have done進(jìn)行式：to+ be doing2)用法完成式：如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，那么不定式

29、就要用其完成式。進(jìn)行式：如果主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，那么不定式就要用其進(jìn)行式。例如：1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline2.The Vikings are believed to have discovered America3.When you called me last night， I happened to be working on the computer不定式的被動(dòng)形式當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)形式，包括它的一

30、般式和完成式。例如：1.For twelve years， Spanish censorship did not allow Lorcas name to be mentioned and his work to be published2.The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況：1、句中存在名詞或代詞可以作為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 例：Mr.Bird gave the dog a few bones to eat. 這里是dog eat bone，也就是說(shuō)是狗作為不定式中“吃”這個(gè)動(dòng)

31、作的主語(yǔ)，所以，可以用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng). 如果不具有這種結(jié)構(gòu)，則仍需要用被動(dòng) 例：The news reporter raised a few questions to be answered. 記者提了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題有待回答。（這里問(wèn)題是由別人回答，而句中未出現(xiàn)具體有誰(shuí)回答，也就是“answer”這個(gè)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)具體主語(yǔ)，所以要用被動(dòng)）2、在“形容詞+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果不定式與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) 例：The plane is dangerous to fly. 這架飛機(jī)開起來(lái)很危險(xiǎn) 句中是“開” “飛機(jī)”，不定式中的動(dòng)詞fly與主語(yǔ)“plane”構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系3、在th

32、ere be結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) 例：There is always much housework to do in the house. 這里用to do而非to be done，一定要記住4、在特定句子中要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)例： 1） The house is to let. 這房子待出租。（用to let ,而非to be let） 2）He is not to blame. 他不該被責(zé)備。6不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前加not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again2.Please remember not to leave the l

33、ights on when you are outFind 的特殊用法： Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important.七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

34、、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說(shuō)明人的特性，又說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，不說(shuō)明人的特性。前面如果是名詞用for。如：1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allo

35、w teenagers to study in groups during the evening. (p.22)2.Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.(p.120)八、帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問(wèn)代詞what, which, who或疑問(wèn)副詞how, when, where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (p.49)(作賓語(yǔ))2)Where to

36、 go is not decided yet.(作主語(yǔ))2.單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.(p.8)2.His parents te

37、ll him never to drive after drinking.典型例題:The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying答案：A.find的賓語(yǔ)后面，用分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)，起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。there be+不定式believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstandWe didnt expect there to be so ma

38、ny people there.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。 2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you

39、 to help me. 你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。for 與of 的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如： You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。 He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。).其它用法:1. 小品詞to 的回避與復(fù)出許多動(dòng)詞如teach，ask （要；讓），tell，beg 等后常有帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)；但let，have，make （讓；使），feel，hear 等后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，to 要回避。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里to須“重出江湖”；help 后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式可加to

40、，也可省略to.例如：The policeman made the young woman move her car.The young woman was made to move her car by the policeman.提示 對(duì)不定式進(jìn)行否定可在其前加not.如：let sb not do sth； tell sb not to do sth. 把直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句的句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，直接引語(yǔ)一般轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式作賓補(bǔ)。例如：The policeman said. “Dont play football in the street，children！”The policeman ask

41、ed the children not to play football in the street.2. 不定式be to do sth可表將來(lái)be to do sth 表將來(lái)，意為“將要做某事”。例如：Our train is to leave at eight.3. 用在know,choose,decide等動(dòng)詞后“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞which， who （m）， what 和疑問(wèn)副詞how， when， where 等，并常簡(jiǎn)化相應(yīng)的從句，但當(dāng)主句與從句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，不定式常用被動(dòng)形式。例如：I cant decide which one t

42、o buy.The little girl wanted to know when to be taken to Pairs by her father.一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans (甘肅省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It will _ the workers over

43、 a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to

44、 do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buyin

45、g C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D簡(jiǎn)析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， s

46、eem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese

47、 friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)Key： 1. B 2. C簡(jiǎn)析不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. lear

48、n B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C簡(jiǎn)析go， come， try， do / try ones best等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)。3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A

49、. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A簡(jiǎn)析be +形容詞+ to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)T

50、he ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (廣東省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on簡(jiǎn)析在上述too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足夠做)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of hom

51、ework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D簡(jiǎn)析不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。六、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. t

52、o enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the

53、afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (貴州省)Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡(jiǎn)析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動(dòng)詞和make， have， let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to(let沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。2.在had better后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not

54、jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號(hào)to的前面加上not，如

55、果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動(dòng)詞原形前面加上not.八、某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to