1、Unit 5 American History,Unit3-2,The first settlers in the new world,The English-American colonies really began under the rule of James I who succeeded Elizabeth in 1603. After Elizabeths death, England was beset(困擾) with religious disputes and economic distress, forcing many people to flee their hom

2、e country. In 1607, three ships, financed by the Virginia Company, carried 104 men and landed them on the coast of Virginia, the mother state.,The first settlers in the new world,After the indentured(多方契據(jù)) labor system was introduced, the colony began to expand. This system provided that the company

3、 should pay anyone who went to America the coast of transportation and of starting a new life. In return the indentured servant would have to labor for the company from 5 to 7 years before he could become a tenant or free farmer.,The first settlers in the new world,In 1620, another group of 132 Puri

4、tans, financed by big merchants, sailed for Virginia aboard the ship Mayflower. There were Puritans who had been persecuted in England because they refused to abide by rules of the Church of England. Their ship was blown off course during the trip and they finally landed far to the north of Virginia

5、, in what is now Massachusetts. So the Virginia Company had no power to control them.,To keep peace and order among themselves, these Puritans worked out a solemn agreement that they would govern their colony together in a democratic way. Their ideas were later reflected in the Declaration of Indepe

6、ndence of America and these Puritans were later called the Pilgrim Fathers who went to the New world for holy purposes. Pilgrim: a person who travels to a holy place as a religious act of respect 朝圣者,Mount Rushmore National Memorial,Washington, George (1732-1799),Father of the country first in war,

7、first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.,Washington, George (1732-1799),gaining independence for the American colonies unifying them under the new U.S. federal government creating the Continental Army succeeding in welding the states into a lasting union,Jefferson, Thomas (1743-182

8、6),an accomplished farmer, lawyer, architect, inventor, naturalist, philosopher, and scientist.,third president of the United States (1801-1809) and author of the Declaration of Independence. he was the foremost spokesman for democracy of his day Acquired the Louisiana Purchase, a vast territory wes

9、t of the Mississippi, for $15 million in 1803. Organized the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which explored the central and northwestern territories of the United States from 1803 to 1806.,The purchase of Louisiana,Louisiana was first claimed by Spain and then ceded to France under Napoleon, who was the

10、n fighting with the British. Jefferson took advantage of Napoleons predicament and threatened to join the British if Napoleon refused to sell Louisiana to the United States. Napoleon, not wanting to have one more enemy, gave in and sold it to American at the price of 12million dollars. The purchase

11、of Louisiana had enabled American frontiersmen to move across the Mississippi River for new settlements in the Wild West.,Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826),He strengthened the powers of the executive branch of government. He was the first president to lead a political party(democratic-republican), and t

12、hrough it he exercised control over the Congress of the United States. He had great faith in popular rule, and it is this optimism that is the essence of what came to be called Jeffersonian democracy.,Lincoln, Abraham (1809-1865),16th president of the United States (1861-1865) and one of the great l

13、eaders in American history. A humane, far-sighted statesman in his lifetime, he became a legend and a folk hero after his death.,As the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln helped keep the American Union together during the Civil War and abolished slavery in the United States. Rememb

14、ered for his honesty, compassion, and strength of character, Lincoln remains one of the most respected presidents in American history.,Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919),26th president of the United States (1901-1909), one of the strongest and most vigorous presidents in United States history.,In battl

15、es between business and labor, Roosevelt extended the power both of the presidency and of the federal government to protect what he saw as the public interest. He enjoyed the responsibilities of world power and greatly expanded United States involvement in world affairs. His domestic social and econ

16、omic reforms were the first federal attempts to deal with the problems created by a modern industrial society.,Settled the Pennsylvania Coal Strike of 1902 after threatening U.S. Army intervention. Acquired the Panama Canal Zone in 1903 and began construction of the canal. Established the United Sta

17、tes Forest Service in 1905 and set aside millions of acres as national forests and parks. Earned the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War. Launched the Great White Fleet of American battleships, which demonstrated worldwide naval power in 1907.,American wes

18、tward movement,What is the westward movement? - Who ? - Why ? - How ?,Discuss the following questions,What are the important historical events mentioned in this article ? What great benefits came to the USA eventually from these pioneers of the Far West ? What is the “New Frontier” that President Ke

19、nnedy spoke of ? Explain the frontier spirit.,Across the Appalachians,A variety of economic motives drew them westward. Land speculators wanted to make profits from buying land, selling it to settlers, and organizing settlements,THE FRONTIER TO THE MISSISSSIPPI,The new United States government also

20、paid revolutionary war veterans by giving them the right to take land for free in the Old Northwest. Some took up the offer. Many more sold their right to land speculators, who in turn did all they could to encourage westward migration.,BEYOND THE MISSISSIPPI,Forces other than the search for farmlan

21、d also propelled the frontier westward. The Far West was a vast storehouse of resources-gold, silver, coal, iron, copper, timber, rich soil, and immense grazing lands. The rise of industry created an almost limitless market for many of the Wests riches. That, and an expanding overseas market, gave i

22、mmigrants additional reasons to move west. Rapid advances in transportation such as the building of the railroads made it easier for immigrants to move west.,Gold rush,In January 1848 some employees of John Sutter, an early promoter of California settlement, found traces of gold in the American Rive

23、r, where they were building a mill. Their discovery sparked the gold rush of 1849. Thousands of people flooded along the overland trails, and at least as many came by ship, some from Australia and Asia and others from the eastern United States and Europe.,Over the next few years, hundreds of thousan

24、ds of people crossed the continent for the gold fields. Few found the wealth they expected, and most returned home. Enough stayed, however, to establish California as a state just two years after the gold rush began.,Summary,A variety of economic motives drew them westward. land speculators gold hun

25、ters veterans home seekers,In 1812, the United States had an area of only about 4.4 million square kilometers, but by 1852, its territory had increased to about 8 million square kilometers.,religion,Religious preference in the U.S.,Protestant 新教 59% Catholic 天主教 27% Judaism 猶太教 2% Eastern Orthodox 東

26、正教 1% Other 4% None 7%,The Protestant Heritage: Self-Improvement,All of the Protestant denominations share a common heritage that has been a powerful force in shaping the values and beliefs of Americans. One of the most important values associated with American Protestantism is the value of self-imp

27、rovement. Protestantism encourages a strong and restless desire for self-improvement.,Self-Improvement,The need for self-improvement, once established, reaches far beyond self-improvement in the purely moral or religious sense. It can be seen in countless books that explain how people can be happier

28、 and more successful in life by improving everything from their vocabulary to their tennis game, or even their whole personality. Books of this type are often referred to as self-help books. They are the natural products of a culture in which people believe that God helps those who help themselves.,

29、Material Success, Hard Work, and Self-Discipline,The achievement of material success is the most widely respected form of self-improvement in the United States. Some of the early European Protestant leaders believed that people who were blessed by God might be recognized in the world by their materi

30、al success.,American Protestantism has never encouraged the idea of gaining wealth without hard work and self-discipline. Protestants also believed that the capacity for self-discipline was a holy characteristic blessed by God.,Volunteerism and Humanitarianism,The Protestant idea of self-improvement

31、 includes more than achieving material gain through hard work and self-discipline. It includes the idea of improving oneself by helping others. Individuals, in other words, make themselves into better persons by contributing some of their time or money to charitable, educational, or religious causes

32、 that are designed to help others. The philosophy is sometimes called volunteerism, or humanitarianism.,The motive for humanitarianism and volunteerism is strong: Many Americans believe that they must devote part of their time and wealth to religious or humanitarian causes in order to be acceptable

33、in the eyes of God and in the eyes of other Americans. Many businesses encourage their employees to do volunteer work, and individuals may get tax credits for money given to charity.,Reading Activity,the topic for each part,Para.1-2 environment of the Far West Para.3-4 representatives of the frontie

34、r spirit Para.5-6 impact of moving west Para. 7 expressions of the frontier spirit,Kennedy, John Fitzgerald,Scenic west,Redwood National Park,Grizzly bear,Devils Tower National Monument,Arches National Park,Death Valley,Grand Canyon,Part B,Far and Away,Background information,Homestead Laws Anyone wh

35、o was either the head of a family, 21 years old, or a veteran of 14 days of active service in the US armed forces, and who was a citizen or had filed a declaration of intent to become a citizen , could acquire a tract of land in public domain not exceeding 65 hectares.,Oklahoma, state in the western

36、 area of the south central United States. It is bordered by Colorado and Kansas on the north and Missouri and Arkansas on the east. South and west of Oklahoma is Texas, and on the western edge of Oklahomas Panhandle lies New Mexico. Oklahoma is a land of great diversity, a transitional state both ph

37、ysically and culturally. Topographically it varies from the wooded mountains of the more humid east to the sparse and dry country of the western plains. The changing landscape of Oklahoma is reflected in its economic activities, which range from the raising of wheat in western and central areas to t

38、he lumbering that is carried on in the Ouachita Mountains in the southeastern part of the state.,The name Oklahoma was derived by combining the Choctaw words for red and people. Part of the states area had been originally put aside for settlement of Native Americans and was known as Indian Territory

39、. The other section of the state, Oklahoma Territory, was gradually opened for white settlement toward the end of the l9th century. Oklahoma earned its nickname, the Sooner State, from the fact that some land-hungry settlers, known as the Sooners, literally jumped the starting gun that was to open o

40、ne section of the territory to settlers and rushed in to take land before they were legally entitled to do so. Oklahoma was admitted to the Union on November 16, 1907, as the 46th state. Resulting from the combination of Indian and Oklahoma territories, the state retains marked features of its Nativ

41、e American heritage in the makeup of its population and the Indian place-names in the state. Oklahoma City is the states capital and largest city.,Synopsis,Joseph Donnelly, a young Irishman facing property eviction after his fathers death, decides to take revenge on Daniel Christie, his landlord. In

42、stead of killing Christie, however, he is injured and sentenced to a duel with Christies arrogant manager, Stephen Chase. Meanwhile, Shannon, Daniels daughter, is growing dissatisfied with the traditional views of her parents generation and longs to be modern. She makes her plans to leave for Americ

43、a, and with her help, Joseph is able to escape. Upon arriving in Boston, Mass., they find jobs and begin saving money. Joseph becomes a local barehands boxer, while Shannon works in a chicken processing plant and then as a dancer at the social club.,All goes well until Joseph loses a boxing match, after which their money is ta