1、National flags, colours and cultures,A short film:,The short film is about a Chinese ceremony of saluting to the national flag. The five-star red flag is our national flag with which we are familiar and we can see it almost every day.,1. Whats our national flag like? Can you describe it?,2. What do

2、colors and the stars on the national flag of China symbolize?,Discussion:,1. The color of the flag is red. It is rectangular in shape. The proportion between the length and height is three to two. In the upper left corner of the flag, there are five five-pointed stars, yellow in color. One of them i

3、s bigger and is located in the top left-handed corner. The other four surround the bigger star to its right.,Five-star red flag,2. The red color of the flag represents the revolutionary martyrs. The color of the five stars is yellow, which symbolizes the bright future. Among the five stars, the bigg

4、er one stands for the communist party of China while the other four represent the different groups of people in China who are all united behind the Party,A brief introduction of national flags,A national flag is a flag that symbolizes a country and that can usually be flown by citizens of that count

5、ry. Both public and private buildings such as schools and courthouses often fly the national flag. In some countries, the national flags are only flown from non-military buildings on certain flag days. There are three distinct types of national flag for use on land, and three for use at sea, althoug

6、h many countries use identical designs for several of these types of flag. Some national flags have been particularly inspirational to other nations, countries, or subnational entities in the design of their own flags.,The following are national flags of some countries; try to tell which country eac

7、h flag belong to.,Canada,France,USA,Indonesia,England,German,Australia,Korea,Singapore,Fast reading :,Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions.,What is the French national flag sometimes called?,2. How many stars are there on t he national flag of

8、the USA?,3. What colors is the Indonesia flag?,The Tricolore (tricolour).,Fifty,Red and white,Detailed reading:,Lets read the passage a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 36.,C1 :,1. They often symbolize the origin of the country, along with its values, beliefs and culture.,2. Liberty,

9、 equality and fraternity.,3. Because it was successful in ridding society of inequality, which had a great effect on many other countries, particularly those in Europe.,4. Because they couldnt tolerate the bureaucratic way that Britain ruled the country and they desired independence.,5. The fifty st

10、ars represent the fifty states and the thirteen stripes represent the original thirteen states that joined together to fight for independence from Britain.,6. It had nine red and white stripes.,7. The most common explanation is that red stands for blood, or thing s that are physical, while white rep

11、resent the spiritual. Another suggestion is that red resembles the color of sugar and white looks like rice. Other people say red stands for the brave and considerate nature of the Indonesia people. It can also symbolize the fire that comes from Indonesias volcanoes or the fact that the equator goes

12、 through the country. White is regarded as a symbol of purity.,C2:,bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the French,strength and bravery,blood or things that are physical; the colour of sugar; the brave and considerate nature of Indonesia people; fire; the fact that the equator goes through the

13、 country,Peace and honesty,purity and innocence,the spiritual; rice; purity,Go through the text quickly and pay attention to the meaning and usage of some words. Then finish the following vocabulary exercise. Part D and Part E.,D:,1. b 2. g 3. i 4. a 5. d 6.c 7. e 8. j 9. h 10. f,E:,(1) colours (2)

14、represent (3) blue (4) bravery (5) liberty (6) revolution (7) Britain (8) independent (9) the spiritual (10) sugar,Listen to the tape and choose the best answers:,1. The national flag is very important and meaningful to a country because_. A. there are many different colors on the flag. B. from the

15、flag we can know everything of the country. C. it symbolizes the origin of that country, along with its values, beliefs and culture. D. The colors on the flag mean different things to different countries.,C,2. French Tricolore has become one of the most influential nationals in history because_. A.

16、there are three different colors on the flag. B. the French Revolution influenced many countries, especially those in Asia. C. France was a strong country in history. D. the French Revolution influenced many countries, some of which choose to substitute flags with tricolor flags.,D,3. Which of the f

17、ollowing statements about USA national flag is NOT true? A. The flag is usually called the Stars and Stripes. B. The flag has a close connection with its history. C. The symbolic meanings of the colors on the flag are the same as those on the Tricolore D. Each year on 4 July, the flag can be seen al

18、l over the country.,C,4. Which of the following statement is NOT an explanation of the meaning of the colors of Indonesia? A. Red stands for blood, while white represents the spiritual. B. Colors have a link with food. C. Red colors on the flag symbolize the fire that comes from volcanoes. D. Red an

19、d white are the favorite colors of the Indonesia people.,D,5. What kind of information can we get from a national flag?A. history and population B. culture and politics C. economy and language D. history and culture,D,Pair work:,1. Discuss colors and flags with a partner, and then give a mini presen

20、tation about the national flags mentioned in the reading passage to the whole class.,Discussion,2. Read the instructions for Part F and discuss with the partners the following questions,1). What do the colors on Chinas national flag symbolize? 2). Do other national flags use those colors? Do they ha

21、ve the same meaning? 3). How does understanding history and culture help us learn about national flags?,Language points,These are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. (P34),1). More than, A. “More than名詞”表示“多于”、“非但尤其是”如：1) Modern science is more than a large amount of in

22、formation.2) Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too., B. “More than數(shù)詞”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：3) I have known David for more than 20 years.4) Lets carry out the test with more than the sample copy., C. “More than形容詞”等于“很”或“非?！钡囊馑?，如：5) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful

23、 with the instruments.6) I assure you I am more than glad to help you., D. 在“More.than.”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，約等于“是而不是”如：7) The difference between pure linguistics and applied linguistics is more apparent than real.8) This book seems to be more a manual than a text.9) Catherine is more diligent

24、than intelligent.10) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened., E. “More than”或“More.than.”含“can”的分句時表示“否定意”，如：11) Thats more than I can do.12) Dont bite off more than you can chew.13) In delivering his lecture, Jason makes sure not to include more things than the students

25、can understand., F. “No more.than.”表示“不；不如”，如：14) I can no more do that than anyone else.15) A learner can no more obtain knowledge without reading than a farmer can get good harvest without ploughing.”,2). sew verbI/Tto join together or attach (esp. pieces of cloth) by putting thread through it wit

26、h a needle 縫補,She sewed her outfit by hand.Would you sew on these buttons?I had to sew up (= repair) a hole in my jeans.,3) pieces of cloth and thread sewn together,sewn: a past participle used as an attributive Eg. a building built on the coast,高考鏈接,1. (2005北京) The prize of the game show is $30000

27、and an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid 2.（2002上海） Dont use words, expressions, or phrases_ only to people with specific knowledge. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known,B,D,3.（2002春招） Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be

28、lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 4. （2004浙江） Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 5. （2004上海） The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. r

29、ecordedB. recording C. to be recordedD. having recorded,B,B,A,2. Before the Revolution, there had been great unrest because people had not had freedom and had often been treated unfairly. (P34),1). unrest disagreements or fighting between different groups of people; 動蕩，騷亂,It is feared that the civil

30、 unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.,2). treat,to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way: 處理、對付,My parents treated us all the same when we were kids.Its wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings.,3). Grammar point. In th

31、is sentence, there is a grammar pointthe usage of past perfect tense. A perfective tense used to express action completed in the past; I had finished is an example of the past perfect,高考鏈接,1. (2005北京) He _ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? A. has learned

32、B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned,D,2. (2005廣東) The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car.A. has beenB. was beingC. had beenD. would be3. (2005湖北) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain

33、.A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid,C,A,4. (2006全國) John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding.A. will planB. has planned C. would planD. had planned 5. (2006天津) Did

34、 Linda see the traffic accident? No, no sooner_ than it happened.A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone,D,A,3. Red shows the bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the French, which were all needed to change the country. (P34),1). strength (EFFORT),U the ability to do th

35、ings that need a lot of physical or mental effort: 努力、盡力、力量,She had the strength and stamina to take the lead and win the gold medal.Admitting youve made a mistake is a sign of strength, not weakness.We shall struggle on, drawing our strength from the courage of others.Much of the countrys military

36、strength lies in its missile force.,strengthen verb I or T,to make something stronger or more effective 使強(qiáng)壯、加強(qiáng)、鞏固,They have been strengthening their border defenses in preparation for war.His battle against cancer has strengthened his belief in God.The accident strengthens the case for better safety

37、 measures at fairgrounds.The organizations aim is to strengthen the cultural ties between Britain and Germany.,2). Attributive clause,Attributive: A word or word group, such as an adjective, that is placed adjacent to the noun it modifies without a linking verb; for example, pale in the pale girl. W

38、hile a clause is used as an attributive, it is called attributive clause.,高考鏈接,1.（2006江蘇） The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A. who B. that C. as D. which,D,2.（2006湖南） We saw several na

39、tives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. to whichB. to whom C. with whom D. with which 3.（2006陜西） She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after whic

40、h,B,D,4. （2006山東） Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（山東06）A. where B. that C. when D. which 5. (2005廣東) Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by w

41、hich C. which D. that,6. (2005天津) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what,A,A,B,4. In this way, the French Tricolore has become one of the most influential national flags. (P34),1). influential,influenc

42、e noun C or U the power to have an effect on people or things影響力；影響,Helens a bad/good influence on him.Christopher hoped to exert his influence to make them change their minds.At the time she was under the influence of her father.,influence verb T,to affect or change how someone or something develop

43、s, behaves or thinks: 影響,Shes very good at making friends and influencing people.+ object + to infinitive What influenced you to choose a career in nursing?,influential adjective 有影響力的,She wanted to work for a bigger and more influential (= powerful) newspaper.Johnson was influential (= important) i

44、n persuading the producers to put money into the film.,2) Grammar point: Perfective tense,A perfective tense used to express action completed in the past; I had finished is an example of the past perfect,高考鏈接,1.（2006江蘇） Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries

45、 us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieve2.（2006陜西） The construction of the two new railway lines _by now. A. has been completed B. have been completedC. has completed D. have completed,A,A,3. （2006湖北） I wont tell the student the answer to the

46、 math problem until he _on it for more than an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked,A,5. At that time, there were thirteen states, which is far fewer than the fifty that make up todays USA. (P34),1). make up,to form a particular thing, amount or numbe

47、r as a whole: 組成,Road accident victims make up almost a quarter of the hospitals patients.The book is made up of a number of different articles.,make常用短語及用法:,make for somewhere/sth (GO TOWARDS),They made for the centre of town.,make for sth (MAKE POSSIBLE),Having faster computers would make for a mo

48、re efficient system,make sth up (INVENT) phrasal verb,to invent something, such as an excuse or a story, often in order to deceive: 編造,I made up an excuse about having to look after the kids.My dad was always really good at making up stories.,make allowances for,To make allowances for someone or the

49、ir characteristics is to take their characteristics into consideration and not judge them too severely: 考慮到、體諒,You should make allowances for him - hes been quite ill recently.,make the best of,to make an unsatisfactory situation as pleasant as possible: 充分利用,Well have to spend the night here, so we

50、 might as well make the best of it.,make ends meet,to have just enough money to pay for the things that you need使收支相平衡,make fun of sb/sth,to make a joke about someone or something in a way that is not kind: 取笑某人,The other children were always making fun of him because he was fat and wore glasses.,ma

51、ke certain/sure,to take action so that you are certain that something happens, is true, etc: 確保、務(wù)必,Ill just make sure Ive turned the oven off.Make certain (that) we have enough drink for the party. Make sure youre home by midnight.Jones made sure of his place in the side with three fine goals.I thin

52、k I locked the door but Ill go back and check just to make sure.,2). Comparative and superlative degree of adjective and adverbs,Comparative degree: expressing a greater degree or “more”, e.g. better, worse, slower, more difficult. Superlative: of adjective s or adverbs expressing the highest or a v

53、ery high degree, e.g. best, slowest, and most difficult.,高考鏈接,1.（2006江蘇 ）I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more,A,2.（2006安徽）Of the two sisters, Betty is_one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. A. a

54、 younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest3.（2006四川） -Did you enjoy yourself at the party? -Yes. Ive never been to_one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting4.（2006陜西） I used to earn _ than a pound a week when I first started work. A. less B.

55、 fewer C. a few D. little,C,C,A,6. The colonists decided that their freedom was no longer optional and that their independence would not be won by being passive. (P35),1). optional,C or U one thing which can be chosen from a set of possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice: 選擇,The best option w

56、ould be to cancel the trip altogether.There are various options open to someone who is willing to work hard.They didnt leave him much option - either he paid or theyd beat him up.,C SPECIALIZED the right to buy something in the future: 選擇權(quán),The publishers decided not to take up their option on the pa

57、perback version.,optional adjective 可供選擇的、可選擇的,English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional.,2). passive voice,a way of structuring a sentence so that the grammatical subject is the person or thing which experiences the effect of an action, rather than the person or thing w

58、hich causes the effect:When changed into the passive, The dog chased the cat becomes The cat was chased by the dog.,高考鏈接,1.（2006江蘇） - I dont suppose the police know who did it. - Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questi

59、oning D. has questioned2.（2006遼寧） It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.A. were being designedB. have designedC. have been designed D. were designed,B,D,3.（2006山東） Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C. are uncovering