1、名詞性從句,Noun Clause,一、定義 名詞性從句的功能就是在句子中充當(dāng)名詞。,名詞性從句 noun clause,主語從句 subject clause,賓語從句 object clause,表語從句 predicative clause,同位語從句 appositive clause,二、類型,三 、從句基本用法,1、主語從句,定義：在句中做主語的句子叫做主語從句。,結(jié)構(gòu): 主從+v+其他,it (形式主語)+be +adj/n +從句,it+be +pp(said ,reported, hoped.)+that從句,it+be +Vi（appear，seem，happen碰巧,ma

2、tter 要緊，有聯(lián)系）+that 從句,2、賓語從句,定義：跟在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面的句子。,結(jié)構(gòu)：.介詞+從句,主+Vt+從句,主+Vt+間賓+從句,主+Vt（find，feel, consider,think,make）+it +adj/n+that從句,主+Vt（like,dislike,hate,appreciate,enjoy,love.）+it +從句,主+系+表語（worried,afriad.）,3、表語從句,定義:跟在系動(dòng)詞(be,seem,appear)后面的句子。,4、同位語從句,定義:放在某些抽象名詞后面，對(duì)前面的 內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明fact,thought,idea,n

3、ews,promise,hope,suggestion） 結(jié)構(gòu)：.+n+從句 .n+.+從句 n+V+從句,四、使用名詞性從句應(yīng)該注意的問題,1、名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞：缺什么，補(bǔ)什么（根據(jù)后面的從句所缺的成分意義）,2、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1）連接詞：that（無成分，無意義） whether（無成分，有意義“是否”）都可用（結(jié)構(gòu)： whether.or/whether.or not） if (無成分，有意義“是否”) 一般只引導(dǎo)賓語從句，it做形式主語,2）連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever等（有成分有意

4、義）,3）連接副詞when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however（做狀語，有意義）,3、that的省略問題,that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句可以省略 it 做形式主語時(shí)，可以省,that 不能省略的情況: and連接并列賓語從句,只能省第一個(gè)that，其余不省 介詞后面. 主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句中有插入語時(shí). 賓語從句中含有主從復(fù)合句 如果賓語從句主語是that, this 形式賓語中的that,4、insist, order,command,suggest(suggestion),advice,propose(proposal),request

5、,require(requirement)這類詞后的從句用虛擬語氣“should+V原” 5、doubt后面的從句肯定用whether，否定一般用that,7、語序：陳述句語序 8、主語從句的主謂一致問題 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù) why he didnt come to the meeting was a question. 有兩個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)，表同一件事用單數(shù)，兩件事用復(fù)數(shù) what 引導(dǎo)時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞與表語一致 what I want is a new bike waht my mother bought are some books.,9、定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別,Object cl

6、ause(賓語從句) 1)老師教導(dǎo)我們要志向崇高。 The teacher taught us that we should aim high. 2)你是否能成功將取決于你做什么和怎么做。 Your success will depend on what you do and how you do it. 3)他是否能來幫助我們，我感到懷疑。 I doubt whether / if he will come to our help. 4) Whether he will accept your offer, I dont know.(不用if),1. The fact is _ she do

7、esnt like pop music. 2. My trouble is _ I dont have enough experience. 3. The question is _ he will be present or not. 4. What troubled him was _ he could get the money.,that,that,whether,whether /where /how,Predicative clause ( 表語從)句,5. He is absent today. Its _ he is seriously ill. 6. It looks _ i

8、ts going to rain again.,because,as if,Subject clause(主語從句) 1.人生最重要的并非金錢。 What is the most important in life isnt money. 2.凡是想看這部電影的人可免費(fèi)得到一張票。 Whoever wants to see the film may get a free ticket. 3. That the earth is round is known to all. -It is known to all that the earth is round. 4.That you misse

9、d the chance is a pity. -It is a pity that that 無意義, 后接一個(gè)完整的句子.,Appositive clause (同位語從句): 后面跟同位語從句的名詞有: fact, news,idea thought, question, remark 等. 1. The idea _ computers will recognize human voices surprises many people. 2. The possibility _ the majority of the labour force will work at home is

10、often discussed. 3. I have no idea _ he has gone. 4. They are thinking about the question _ they could succeed in the competition. 5. Please tell us the truth _ did that for us.,that,that,where,how,who,四、注意點(diǎn) 一: 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 that 的用法 (1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連接詞，只起連接主句與從句

11、的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。 (2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。,他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. （第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語） 湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的. 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）,二: what 與th

12、at 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中1）充當(dāng)句子成分（主、賓、表）；2）本身有詞義。 that 1）只起連接作用；2）本身沒有詞義；3）不在從句中擔(dān)任成分。1) _ you said yesterday is right. (=All that you )2) _ she is still alive is a puzzle.,What,That,注意點(diǎn)三:用whether 不用if 1)連接詞緊挨著or not 時(shí),用 whether. I dont know whether or not he will come. 2)主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句若需表達(dá)“是

13、否”，只能用連詞whether，不能用if。 3)介詞賓語從句只能用whether，不用if。 4)whether to do He hasnt decided whether to go . 5)discuss+ whether從句,四:that的省略問題,He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand. He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and you wouldnt understand. Just then I noticed, for the first time, our master was wearing his fine green coat. Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat.,3.除了他來自南方之外,我們對(duì)他一無所知. We know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 4.他