1、英語三大從句對比復(fù)習(xí),第一節(jié) 從句的基本認識,從句的概念 英語中的從句是指在主句中擔(dān)任某個句子成分的句子。 從句的分類 一般按其功能分為三大類：名詞性從句，形容詞性從句，及副詞性從句。 主語從句 名詞性從句 表語從句 賓語從句 同位語從句 形容詞性從句-定語從句。是用來修飾名詞或代詞的句子，具有形容詞性。 副詞性從句-狀語從句。在句中作狀語。,從句的基本特點及用法,各個從句的共同特點： 1、都有引導(dǎo)詞； 2、都有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)； 3、都在主句中擔(dān)任一個句子成分，不能獨立存在。,各種從句在主句中的位置及其作用 1、主語從句+謂語或It（形式主語）+謂語+主語從句 That he will attend

2、 the meetingis certain. It is unknownwho did the work. 2、主語+連系動詞+表語從句 The question iswhether he will come here tonight.,3、主語+謂語+賓語從句 主語+謂語+間接賓語+賓語從句 主語+謂語+it(形式主語)+賓語補足語+賓語從句 eg. I only regretthat I have but one life to lose for my country. Can you tell mewhere Mary lives? We think it necessarythat

3、we learn English well.,注：賓語從句還可以在介詞、不定式、V-ing ,及少數(shù)形容詞后當(dāng)它們的賓語。能帶賓語從句的形容詞常見有：sure ,glad , sorry ,certain , worried , awareetc. eg. We all agree with him onwhat he said. I havent found my book yet; in fact, I am not surewhere I could have done with it. I am awarethat you have been exceptionally kind to

4、 me.,4、同位語詞news(idea , fact , hope , promise etc)+同位語從句 eg. We heard the newsthat our team had won. The factthat he hadnt said anythingsurprised everybody. I have no ideawhen she will be back.,5.先行詞（名詞或代詞）+限定性定語從句 或先行詞（名詞或代詞），+非限定性定語從句 eg. Gone are the dayswhen Shanghai was a paradise for imperialis

5、t adventures. Is this the restaurantin which you work? My elder sister,who is twenty,is now studying in the university.,6.主句+狀語從句或狀語從句，+主句注意逗號 eg. Speak to him slowlyso that he may understand you better. No matter how difficult the work may be,we must surely complete it. 以上是從五個基本簡單句型出發(fā)，根據(jù)各種從句的特點，通過列

6、式顯示各從句在主句中的位置關(guān)系。從而可以看出什么樣的從句就在主句中擔(dān)任什么樣的句法功能。,各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇,這個問題是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)從句這一內(nèi)容的最大障礙，要弄清屬于什么從句，除了分清各從句在主句中的位置外，關(guān)鍵在于弄懂各個引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的作用。,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:,what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever, whatever, whichever,that, whether, if as if/as though (表語從句),when, where, how, why,注意: 1表語從句還可以用as if/thou

7、gh(好像，婉如)來引導(dǎo) 2whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever主要引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。 3同位語從句往往用連詞that和連接副詞來引導(dǎo)。,4名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞除that外，都有詞義；除that, if, whether外，都在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。 5連詞that在賓語從句中往往省去。如：He told me (that) he had bought a new lamp. 6名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞根據(jù)其詞義進行選擇，并參考其在從句中擔(dān)任的成分。,that which who whom whose as 等,when where wh

8、y等,注意:1定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中都擔(dān)任句子。 2定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞無具體詞義，大都可翻譯成漢語的“的”字。 3定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞是同一概念的事物。,4引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中當(dāng)賓語時可以省去。 5定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是根據(jù)先行詞進行選擇。 6what不能當(dāng)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。,九種狀從,時間狀語從句 地點狀語從句 原因狀語從句 條件狀語從句 讓步狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句 目的狀語從句 方式狀語從句 比較狀語從句,九種常用的狀語從句及其常用的連接詞,時間狀語從句,when, while, as, before, after, since, once ,by the time , till, unti

9、l, notuntil, the first/second/last time, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan , every time, each time,where, wherever,because, since, as, for, now that(既然）, in that（因為）,if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that

10、, 要)等。如：,地點狀語從句,原因狀語從句,條件狀語從句,九種常用的狀語從句及其常用的連接詞,結(jié)果狀語從句,so that, sothat, suchthat,so that, in order that, in case,as, as if/as though,than, asas, not so/asas, the +比較級, the +比較級,目的狀語從句,方式狀語從句,比較狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,although, though, as, even though/even if, while(雖然）, no matter +which/what/when/where/who/how,

11、 whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whetheror；,考點與難點歸納,注：（1）狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞都有具體詞義，擔(dān)在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分。 （2）狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇首先看是屬于哪一類從句，再根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的詞義適當(dāng)?shù)剡M行選擇。 （3）狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般不省略。,(4)讓步狀語從句由as(盡管)引導(dǎo)時，從句的表語或狀語要放在as之前。 如：Poor as he was, he was honest. Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. (5)however(無論怎樣),no matter how(無論怎樣)