1、relationships,unit 5,relationships,warming-up,reading,language in use,project,culture tips,homework,warming-up,listen to the song. fill the blanks in the lyrics while listening.,warming-up,forever friend,care,misery,afraid,amazing,only,2. in you opinion, what is a friend? what does friendship mean t

2、o you? what do you think are the most important factors that can keep a long-lasting close relationship with your friends? what about with your family members and relatives? how can we make our close relationships last long?,warming-up,back,reading,pre-reading tasks,reading comprehension,after-readi

3、ng tasks,pre-reading,do you think peoples perception and thinking are greatly influenced by others? if so, by whom are people most probably influenced? discuss these questions in groups.,back,comprehension,bonded by loops and flares,1 douglas was a happily married man. after dinner parties, his wife

4、 carol and he would wash the dishes together and relive the highlights of the conversation theyd just enjoyed. unfortunately, when carol was 42 and their children were 5 and 2, carol died of a brain tumor. 2 a few months later, douglas was looking at a picture of carol. he describes what he felt in

5、his recent book, i am a strange loop.,comprehension,3 “i looked at her face and looked so deeply that i felt i was behind her eyes and all at once i found myself saying in tears, thats me. thats me! 4 “and those simple words brought back many thoughts that i had had before when i was together with h

6、er. i remembered the same hopes and dreams my wife and i had shared for our children. these hopes were not separate or distinct hopes but were just one hope, which i did not have before being married and having children. i realised that though carol had died, that core piece of her had not died at a

7、ll, but that it had lived on very determinedly in my brain.”,comprehension,5 the greeks say we suffer our way to wisdom, and douglass suffering deepened his understanding of who we are, which he had developed as a professor of cognitive science at indiana university. 6 douglas already understood tha

8、t the mind is very complex. there are dozens of thoughts, processes and emotions competing for attention at any one time. carols death brought home that when people communicate, they send out little flares into each others brains. friends and lovers create feedback loops of ideas and habits and ways

9、 of seeing the world. even though carol was dead, her habits and perceptions were still active in the minds of those who knew her.,comprehension,7 douglas could feel that carols self was still present, even though it would disappear gradually with time. he believes a self is a point of view, a way o

10、f seeing the world. it comes from the mixture of all the flares, loops and perceptions that have been shared and developed with others. douglass and carols selves overlapped, and that did not stop with her death. 8 most political and social disagreements come from different theories about “the self”

11、. the “self” is formed from the habits, perceptions, points of view and way of seeing the world that develop in a person from being shared and given feedback by others. douglas believes that when two people share their lives, they also share hopes and dreams that often become fused into one.,compreh

12、ension,9 this shows that the individualists who think that success is something they achieve through their own genius and will-power may be mistaken. 10 it also shows that the people who believe they can find their true, real “self” only in their inner being may also be wrong. 11 douglas points towa

13、rds a modern way of understanding how people fit into society. in the modern information age, it seems that people may be bonded by communication. the huge web of information in genes, brains and even conversation forms a whole that we call society.,comprehension,back,12 in the information age, it s

14、eems right that wed see people bonded by communication. its not exactly new to say that no man is an island. but douglas is one of hundreds of scientists and scholars showing how connection between people actually works. what he has described is like a vast web of informationsome contained in genes,

15、 some in brain structure, some in the flow of dinner conversationthat joins us to our ancestors and reminds the living of the presence of the dead.,comprehension,1. loop n. a shape like a curve or circle made by a line curving back towards itself 環(huán)形，圈狀 e.g. the plane flew round and round in wide loo

16、ps.,words an idea or belief 知覺，感知，洞察力，看法 e.g. his analysis of the problem showed great perception.,back,comprehension,7. overlap v. if two things overlap, part of one thing covers part of the other 部分重疊，交疊 e.g. the tiles on the roof overlap one another.,back,comprehension,8. bond v. to (cause to) st

17、ick together, e.g. with glue 緊緊連接 e.g. you need a strong adhesive to bond wood to metal.,back,comprehension,以光與環(huán)的形式緊密相連 1 道格拉斯曾經是個幸福的已婚男人。聚會晚餐之后，妻子卡羅爾會和他一起洗盤子并且回顧剛才有趣的話題。不幸的是，卡羅爾42歲時因腦瘤去世。當時他們的兩個孩子一個5歲，另一個2歲。 2 幾個月之后的一天，道格拉斯在看卡羅爾的照片。在他的新書我是一個陌生的環(huán)中他這樣描述自己當時的感受：,back,comprehension,3 “我深深地凝望她的臉，直到感覺自己開

18、始用她的眼睛看世界。突然間我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已是滿臉淚水，口中念道：那就是我。那就是我！” 4 這些話讓我記起了很多和她在一起時我的想法，記起了她和我關于孩子的共同希望和夢想。這些希望既不孤立也不遙遠，它們只是我娶妻生子之前從未有過的一個希望。我意識到，盡管卡羅爾已經死了，但她最核心的部分并沒有離去，而是非常執(zhí)著地繼續(xù)存活在我的腦子里?！?back,comprehension,5 希臘人說智慧苦中求。道格拉斯的痛苦加深了他對我們是誰這個問題的理解。作為印第安納大學認知科學的教授，他對這一問題自有研究。 6 道格拉斯意識到人的思維非常復雜，同時會有一二十種思想、過程和情感爭相吸引人的注意力?？_爾的死讓

19、他看清了當人們進行交流的時候，他們向彼此的腦子里發(fā)送光。朋友和戀人之間會產生思想的、習慣的和世界觀的反饋環(huán)。盡管卡羅爾已經去世，她的習慣和認知在認識她的人的思維中依然活躍。,back,comprehension,7 道格拉斯能夠感覺到卡羅爾的自我終會隨著時間的流逝慢慢消失，但目前依然存在。他相信，自我是一個觀點，是看世界的一種方法。它是光、反饋環(huán)和認知混合后的產物，而這些光、反饋環(huán)和認知總是與他人共同擁有并共同發(fā)展的。道格拉斯的自我和卡羅爾的自我重疊在了一起，沒有隨卡羅爾的死而停止。 8 絕大多數(shù)的政治和社會爭端都源自關于自我的不同理論。習慣、認知、視角和世界觀在一個人與他人分享、接受反饋的過

20、程中得到發(fā)展，而他的“自我”就是在這種發(fā)展的基礎上形成的。道格拉斯認為兩個人分享生活的同時，也在分享他們的希望和夢想，且這些希望和夢想最終交融為一。,back,comprehension,9 有些個人主義者認為成功是通過個人天才和意志來實現(xiàn)的，道格拉斯的觀點說明了此看法是錯誤的。 10 有些人認為他們的真實自我只存在于他們內心深處。道格拉斯的觀點也揭露了這一信條的錯誤。 11 道格拉斯為理解人們如何適應社會指出了一個現(xiàn)代的方法。在信息時代，人們因為溝通交流而緊密聯(lián)系?；?、大腦甚至交談組成的一張巨大信息網絡使我們形成一個整體，我們將其稱為社會。,back,comprehension,12 在信

21、息時代，認為人與人通過交流而緊密相連的看法似乎非常正確了。沒有人是一座孤島的說法也并非是全新的。幾百位科學家和學者已經揭示了人與人之間的聯(lián)系具體是如何運行的，道格拉斯就是其中之一。他所描述的是一張廣大的信息網一些存在于基因里，一些存在于腦結構中，一些存在于晚宴的談話間。正是這些信息把我們與我們的先輩聯(lián)系在一起，并且提醒著我們那些逝者依然存在。,back,after-reading,discussion: what is the mental process like when people communicate according to douglas? what are the impli

22、cations of douglass findings? how do you understand the title?,back,language in use,grammar development,vocabulary building,grammar,the use of “what” and “which”,what what常用來引導名詞性從句，即主語從句、賓語從句、表 語從句和同位語從句。 what在引導名詞性從句時有兩個重要的特點：一是它在相 應的名詞性從句中一定有含義，常表示“什么”、“所 的”、“的樣子”等。二是它在相應的名詞性從句中一 定做成分，而且常作主語、賓語或表

23、語。,grammar,一、引導主語從句 1) what we need is more time. (what作need的賓語) 我們所需要的是更多的時間。 2) what really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes. (what作 matters的主語) 真正麻煩的是她穿了一雙白鞋。 二、引導賓語從句 1) people were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from what it is today. (what作從句中is的

24、表語) 很久以前當生活與現(xiàn)在的生活完全不同時，人們或許更誠實。 2) people have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see what he will do. (what分別作動詞heard和see的賓語) 人們已經聽到了總統(tǒng)所說的；他們正等著看總統(tǒng)會做什么。,grammar,三、引導表語從句 1) whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just what worries the public. (what作從句中的主語) 是否能找到阻止

25、污染的方法就是所令民眾擔心的事兒。 2) that is what i want to tell you. (what作從句中的賓語) 那就是我想告訴你的事兒。 3) the little girl is no longer what she used to be. (what作從句中的表語) 這個小女孩不再是過去的樣子了。 四、引導同位語從句 1) they have no idea at all what he is working on. (what作從句的賓語) 他們一點兒都不知道他正在做什么。 2) you have no idea what i suffered. (what作從句

26、的賓語) 你不知道我所遭受的痛苦。,grammar,which which常用來引導定語從句。 一、關系代詞which用來指物，在定語從句中常可與that互換。例如: a bookstore is a store which/that sells books. 書店即賣書的商店。 二、當which充當關系代詞代表前面整個主句意思的時候，在非限制定 語從句中可以與as交換使用（但as引導的這類從句可以置于主句之 前或之后，which引導的從句只能置于主句之后）。例 he saw her every day, which/as was natural. 他天天看見她，那是很自然的。,grammar

27、,三、有時候，which以介詞短語的形式引導非限制性定語從句，并在從句 中作定語。例如: it rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces。雨下了一天一夜，就在此期間，船撞碎了。 in 1960 he came to london, in which city he has lived ever since. 1960年他來到倫敦，自此在該城一直住到現(xiàn)在。 call again at eleven, by which time the meeting should be over. 十一點

28、再打電話，到那時會議該結束了。,back,vocabulary,vocabulary building,we have learned about compound words in unit 2. in the reading text, we have some “noun + noun” pattern words such as “dinner party”, “brain tumor”, “feedback loop” and “information age”. these “noun + noun” pattern words are very common in english

29、. can you think of some “noun + noun” pattern words? work in groups. brainstorm as many words as possible.,2. match a word in column a with a word in column b to form a “noun + noun” pattern word.,day sun cattle house shoe head night pocket arm maid gold,club ache servant rise knife smith shed break

30、 maker keeper chair,back,vocabulary,project,maintaining a good relationship with your neighbours is very important. sometimes we have nice and helpful neighbours, but we also have strange neighbours. think about the best, the worst, or the strangest neighbours you have ever had. tell your classmates

31、 a story about your neighbours by playing it out! you may carry out this activity by following the steps below.,neighbours,project,step 1 in groups of four, think about what kind of neighbours are the best, the worst and the strangest. choose some words which could describe that neighbour. you may use the adjectives in the box for help.,ordinary calm jolly quiet reserved friendly shy polite helpful kind warmhearted hospitable gentle sociable generous co-operative understanding cheerf