1、句子成分,主（名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞，從句） 謂（Vt. Vi. Link verb） 賓（名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，從句） 表（名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，從句） 定（名詞，形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，從句） 狀（副詞，介詞，不定式，或相當于副詞的詞或短語） 補（名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞，不定式，分詞）,主語The Subject,主語是謂語講述的對象，表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞或短語等充當。主語一般在句首。,Gina is from Australia. Lucy

2、 is an American girl. She often goes to the movies. We study in No.1 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. Three plus five equals eight. To teach them English is my job. It is my job to teach them English. 不定式作主語時，常用形式主語it句型 Gina, Lucy,She,We,The classroom,Three plus five,To teach them English

3、,謂 語The Predicate,說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須用動詞。謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。 謂語一般在主語后面。,We are both quiet. He has a toothache. His parents are teachers. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished the job. He can speak English. are; has; are; looks; study; have finished; can speak,賓 語The O

4、bject,表示動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語等充當，和及物動詞一起說明主語“做什么”。 一般在謂語之后。,All of us like him. Hes playing soccer. Can I ask some questions? She is playing the piano now. He often helps me. Lucy likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China. him;soccer;questions;the piano;me;to sleep;living,表 語The

5、Predicative,說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當，和系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。 一般在系動詞后面。,Her mother is a bank clerk. Are you ready? Our country is getting stronger. You look younger than before. They are at home now. My book is on the desk. Everybody is here. a bank clerk;ready;getting stronger;younger;at home;

6、on the desk;here,定語The Attribute,用來修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語不定式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等充當。 因為名詞、代詞既可做主語，又可做表語、賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。,形容詞作定語： The little boy needs a blue pen. Tom is a handsome boy 數(shù)詞作定語相當于形容詞： Two boys need two pens. There are two boys in the room. 代詞或名詞所有格作定語： His boy needs Toms pen.

7、 His name is Tom.,介詞短語作定語： The boy in blue is Tom. There are two boys of 9,and three of 10. 名詞作定語： There is only one ball pen in the pencil box. 副詞作定語： The boy there needs a pen. 不定式作定語： There is nothing to do today. 分詞（短語）作定語： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. There are five boys le

8、ft. 定語從句： The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.,狀語The Adverbial,用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語等來充當。,副詞（短語）作狀語： The boy needs a pen very much. The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother. The boy really needs a pen. The boy needs

9、a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.,介詞短語作狀語：In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 分詞（短語）作狀語： He sits there, asking for a pen. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. Fright

10、ened, he sits there soundlessly. 不定式作目的狀語： To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 名詞作狀語： Come this way!,狀語從句： 時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句 同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如： We students should study hard. We all are students.,補 語,英語

11、中有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后加上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思?！百e語+賓語補足語”合稱復合賓語。賓語補足語主要用來說明賓語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份，主要由形容詞、名詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞等充當。,I found it very difficult to find work. Yesterday he got his leg broken. We found Lily out when we arrived. The boss kept them working all day. I saw a stranger enter the building. If you let

12、 me go,I will make you king. Leave the door open. very difficult;broken;out;working;enter the building;king;open,Last week I went to the supermarket. Last week I went to the supermarket. 狀 主 謂 狀 The play was very interesting. The play was very interesting. 主 系狀表 I cant hear a word. I cant hear a wor

13、d. 主謂 賓 They were talking loudly. They were talking loudly. 主 謂 狀,It was Sunday. It was Sunday. 主 系 表 I never get up early on Sundays. I never get up early on Sundays. 主狀謂狀狀 I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily. I looked at the young man and the 主謂 賓 young woman angrily. 賓 狀,I read

14、a few lines,but I didnt understand a word. I read a few lines,but I didnt 主 謂 定 賓 連 主謂 understand a word. 謂 賓 My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends. My holidays passed quickly,but I 主謂狀 連主 didnt send cards to my friends. 謂 賓 狀,I got up early and bought thirty cards. I got u

15、p early and bought thirty cards. 主謂 狀 連 謂 定 賓 He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He is working for a big firm and he has 主 謂 狀 連主謂 already visited a great number of different 狀謂 定 定 places in Australia. 賓 定,He has just bought a ca

16、r and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia. He has just bought a car and 主謂 狀 謂 賓連 has gone to Alice Springs,a small town 謂狀同位語 in the centre of Australia. 定,He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer. He calls at every house in the street 主 謂 賓 定 once a month and always asks for 狀 連 狀 謂 a meal and a glass of beer. 賓 END,I saw a girl.,I saw a little lovely American girl.,I saw a little lovely American girl in white dress.,I saw a little lovely American girl in white dr